新课堂英语选修七译林版讲义Unit3-2

PeriodTwoWordpower&GrammarandusagePartⅠLanguageFocusⅠ.单词自测1．lifetimen．一生，终生；存在期2．competencen．能力，胜任；技能，本领3．inventorn．发明者，发明家inventvt.发明，创造；编造inventionn．发明，研制；发明物；捏造，虚构4．abandonvt.放弃；抛弃，舍弃abandonedadj.被遗弃的；被离弃的；废弃的5．appointmentn．约会；预约；任命，委任appointvt.任命；委派；指定；约定Ⅱ.短语自测1．stand_for代表，象征；支持，主张2．make_up组成，编造3．for_lack_of因缺乏4．be_confident_in有自信5．get_annoyed_with对……生气1．competence[语境感悟](1)(教材P41)ThomasEdisonwasfiredfromhisfirsttwojobsforlackofcompetence.托马斯·爱迪生因不能胜任他的前两份工作而被解雇。(2)Heiscompetentasateacher.他胜任教师的职位。(3)DomakesurethestudentsarecompetenttodownloadusefulreferencematerialsfromtheInternet.要确保学生们有能力从网上下载有用的参考资料。[归纳拓展](1)competencen．[U，C]能力，胜任；[C]技能，本领(2)competentadj.有能力的；足以胜任的becompetentas...胜任……职位becompetenttodosth.有能力做某事[即时跟踪]单句语法填空①Heiscompletelycompetentasapoliceman.②Teachershavetoconstantlyupdatetheirknowledgeinordertomaintaintheirprofessionalcompetence(competent)．③He'snotcompetentto_look(look)afterhislittlebrother.2．abandon[语境感悟](1)(教材P41)Theywouldn'thaveachievedtheirsuccessiftheyhadabandonedtheirdreams.如果他们放弃了自己的梦想，就不会取得成功。(2)Weshouldn'tabandonourselvestocomputergames，becauseitmayruinourlives.我们不应该沉迷于电脑游戏，因为那可能会毁掉我们的生活。(3)Theyoungpeoplesanganddancedwithabandonatthepartylastnight.在昨晚的聚会上，那些年轻人尽情地载歌载舞。[归纳拓展](1)abandonvt.放弃，抛弃，舍弃；陷入，沉湎于(某种情感)abandononeselfto...沉溺于……abandondoingsth.放弃做某事withabandon肆意地，无所顾忌地(2)abandonedadj.被抛弃的；废弃的[即时跟踪]单句语法填空/句型转换①Thegovernmentforcedustoabandondoing(do)theresearchonthismatter.②Theabandoned(abandon)childrenwereputintoanorphanage.③Agangofthugsopposedtheconstructionwithabandonandeventuallywerearrestedbythepolice.④Asheabandonedhimselftosmoking，hesufferedfromlungcancer.→Abandoninghimselftosmoking，hesufferedfromlungcancer.3．appointment[语境感悟](1)(教材P41)IthinkI'dbetterapologizetohimtomorrowfornotkeepingtheappointment.我想我最好明天因未能如约向他道歉。(2)Itisveryimpoliteofyoutofailtokeepanappointment.你不能准时赴约是非常没有礼貌的。(3)Theyappointedhimas/tobecaptainoftheEnglishteam.他们任命他为英格兰队队长。(4)Themanagerappointedhimtoreceivethebusinessman.经理指定他去接待那个商人。[归纳拓展](1)appointmentn．[C]约会，预约；[C，U]任命；委任keep/breakanappointment守约；赴约/违约make/haveanappointment(withsb.)(与某人)预约/约会byappointment依约；经预先约定(2)appointvt.任命；委派；指定appointsb.tobe/as...任命/指派某人为……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事[即时跟踪]单句语法填空/完成句子①Ourdoctorsareseenbyappointmentonly.②Butforhermother'ssuddenillness，shewouldneverthinkofbreakingthisappointment(appoint)withyou.③他将和他约个时间把几件事情理清楚。Hewouldmake_an_appointment_with_himtostraightenoutacoupleofthings.④我们已决定指定你在你的地区做我们的代理。Wehavedecidedtoappoint_you_as/to_be_our_agentinyourdistrict.1．standfor[语境感悟](1)(教材P38)ThisstandsfortheWorldWideWeb，alsothefirstpartofawebaddress.这是万维网的缩写，也是网址的开头部分。(2)PleaserememberI'llstandbyyouwhateverhappens.请记住，无论发生什么，我都会支持你。[归纳拓展]standfor?指缩写或符号?是……意思；代表，象征；支持，主张standagainst反对standby站在旁边；旁观；支持standout显眼，突出[即时跟踪]完成句子①她那鲜艳的衣服总是使她在人群中很显眼。Herbrightclothesalwaysmake_her_stand_outinacrowd.②我们无力反抗真理。Wearenotabletostand_against_the_truth.③我们中国人主张和平，希望通过和平方式解决所有争端。WeChinesestand_for_peaceandwishtosettlealldisputesbypeacefulmeans.2．forlackof[语境感悟](1)(教材P41)ThomasEdisonwasfiredfromhisfirsttwojobsforlackofcompetence.托马斯·爱迪生因不能胜任他的前两份工作而被解雇。(2)Despitehislackofexperience，hegotthejob.他虽然经验不足，但还是获得了这份工作。(3)Heiscompletelylackinginresponsibility.他完全没有责任感。[归纳拓展](1)for(through)lackof因缺乏alackof缺乏lack(for)nothing没有欠缺(2)lackingadj.没有的；缺乏的；不足的belackingin...缺乏……[即时跟踪]单句语法填空/完成句子①Hecannotbuyahouseinthecityforlackofmoney.②Youwillnotbelacking(lack)insupportfromme.③虽然父母衣着朴素，但孩子们什么也不缺。Thechildrenlack_(for)_nothingalthoughtheparentsarepoorlydressed.④努力工作常常可以弥补能力的不足。Hardworkcanoftenmakeupfora_lack_of_ability.⑤缺乏经验导致约翰这次面试失败，但这并不意味着他找不到合适的工作。Lack_of_experience_made_John_fail_in_the_interview，butitdoesn'tmeanthathecan'tfindasuitablejob.before引导的时间状语从句[语境感悟](1)(教材P41)Peopleoftenhavetoovercomefailuresbeforetheycanaccomplishsomethinggreat.人们常常要在战胜很多失败之后才能取得伟大的成就。(2)HerushedoutoftheroombeforeIcouldsayaword.我还没来得及说一句话他就冲出了房间。(3)Itwillnotbelongbeforewemeetagain.过不了多久我们会再次见面的。(4)Ithasbeen5yearssinceIlastsawyou.自从我上次见到你已经有五年了。[归纳拓展]教材原句中before引导时间状语从句。它在句中的译法灵活，常译为：在……以前；以免；不然；才；还没来得及……就……Itwas/willbefore...before...多久后才……Itwon'tbe＋long＋before...不久就……Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since...自从……以来已经有……时间了[即时跟踪]完成句子①要过很久他才能出国。It_will_be_long_beforehegoesabroad.②如果你错过了这次机会，可能得过好多年才能再有一次机会。Ifyoumissthischance，itmaybeyearsbefore_you_get_another_one.③你认为还需要多长时间电脑公司才能生产出新的产品？Howlongdoyouthinkit_will_be_beforethecomputercompanybringsoutanewproduct？Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Robertahadmadeanappointment(appoint)withtheheadoftheDramaClub.2．Weknewhercompetence(competent)insolvingproblems.3．AlexanderGrahamBellwasoneofthegreatestinventors(invent)．4．Itwassometimebeforewerealizedthetruth.5．Theabandoned(abandon)childrenwereputintoacharityhouse.Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(standfor，makeup，forlackof，beconfidentin，getannoyedwith)1．Thepolicehadtolethimgofor_lack_ofevidence.2．WhatdothefiveringsontheOlympicflagstand_for?3．Heis_confident_inhisabilitytodothejobwell.4．Heisbeginningtoget_annoyed_withmeaboutmycarelessness.5．Hemade_upsomeexcuseabouthisdaughterbeingsick.Ⅲ.完成句子1．他要很久才能回来。Itwillbelongbefore_he_comes_back.2．昨天我什么地方都没去，就待在家里。Nowheredid_I_goyesterday；Ijuststayedathome.3．这位父亲正努力阻止他的儿子沉迷于网络。Thefatheristryinghisbesttopreventhissonfromabandoning_himself_to_the_Internet.4．这种动物在澳大利亚被发现，别处没有。ThisanimalisfoundinAustralia，andnowhere_else.5．动动脑筋，你就会找到一个更好的办法。Use_your_head，andyou'llfindabetterway.PartⅡGrammar助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(AuxiliaryVerb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(MainVerb)。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉语翻译，用于构成时态、语态。一、助动词的分类1．基本助动词：be，do，have；无词汇意义，只有语法作用，协助主要动词构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等。2．助动词短语(半助动词)：beaboutto，bedueto，begoingto，belikelyto，bemeantto，besupposedto，bewillingto，haveto，seemto，beunableto，beunwillingto；在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间的一类结构。3．其他助动词：shall，will，should，would；无词义，主要用来构成将来时。二、具体的助动词的用法1．助动词be的用法(1)be＋现在分词，构成进行时态。Theywerehavingameetingthistimeyesterday.他们昨天这个时候正在开会。(过去进行时)Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.英语正变得越来越重要。(现在进行时)(2)be＋过去分词，构成被动语态。ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.窗户是汤姆打破的。(一般过去时的被动语态)Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.世界各地都教英语。(一般现在时的被动语态)(3)be＋动词不定式，可表示下列内容：a．表示最近、未来的计划或安排。HeistogotoNewYorknext他下周要去纽约。b．表示命令。Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.今天下午他要来办公室。c．征求意见。HowamItoanswerhim？我该怎样答复他？Whoistogothere？谁该去那儿呢？d．表示相约、商定。Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口见面。[即时跟踪1]完成句子①他们约定明天上午10点一起去看这位老师。Theyare_to_pay_a_visit_totheteachertogetherat10a②你们必须在今天下午五点以前完成这项任务。Youare_to_finish_the_taskbeforefivethisafternoon.③我们下一步该怎么办？Whatare_we_to_donext?2．助动词have的用法(1)have＋过去分词，构成完成时态。HehasleftforLondon.他已去了伦敦。(现在完成时)Bytheendoflastmonth，theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.到上个月月末，他们已经完成了一半的工作。(过去完成时)(2)have＋been＋现在分词，构成现在完成进行时。IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。(现在完成进行时)(3)have＋been＋过去分词，构成现在完成时的被动语态。EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.中国教英语已经多年。(现在完成时的被动语态)[即时跟踪2]完成句子①他已完成了那项工作。Hehas_completedthework.②孩子们一直玩得很开心。Thechildrenhave_been_havingalotoffun.③老师在让我们读这些单词之前已经教了我们好几遍。Theteacherhad_taught_us_the_wordsseveraltimesbeforeheaskedustoreadthem.3．助动词do的用法(1)构成一般疑问句。DoyouwanttopasstheCET?你想通过大学英语测试吗？DidyoustudyGerman？你们学过德语吗？(2)do＋not构成否定句。Idonotwanttobecriticized.我不想被批评。Hedoesn'tliketostudy.他不喜欢学习。(3)构成否定祈使句。此时助动词只用do，不用did和does。Don'tgothere.不要去那里。(4)放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。Docometomybirthdayparty.一定来参加我的生日宴会。Ididgothere.我确实去那儿了。(5)用于倒装句。OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。[名师点津]引导此类倒装句的副词有never，seldom，rarely，little，only，so等。(6)用作代动词。—DoyoulikeBeijing？——你喜欢北京吗？—Yes，Ido.——是的，我喜欢。(do用作代动词，代替like)Heknowshowtodriveacar，doesn'the?他知道如何开车，对吧？(does用作代动词，代替knows)[即时跟踪3]完成句子①你懂吗？Doyouunderstand?②我们不清楚等待我们的会是什么。Littledid_we_knowwhatwasinstoreforus.③我昨天的确把书还给你了。Idid_return_the_booktoyouyesterday.④别在河里游泳。Don't_swimintheriver.4．助动词will和would的用法(1)助动词will的用法。①助动词“will＋动词原形”构成将来时，表示将来的动作。②will用于第二人称的疑问句中，表示询问对方的意愿或表示请求。Willyougivemeacigarette？你给我一支烟好吗？③“will＋动词原形”表示推测。Thiswillbewhatyouneed.这大概就是你所需要的。④“will＋动词原形”表示一种现在的习惯动作或倾向。Shewillstaytheresleepingforhours.她常常待在那儿一连睡上几个小时。(2)助动词would的用法。①与动词原形构成过去将来时，是will的过去式，用于第二、三人称。Hesaidhewouldcome.他说他要来。(过去将来时)②would可以表示过去经常性的动作。Iwouldgoclimbingwhenyoung.年轻的时候我常去爬山。(过去经常性的动作)[即时跟踪4]完成句子①我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。Wewill_do_our_best_to_savethechild.②过去在周日他常常来我们村和我们一起工作。OnSundayshewould_come_to_our_villageandworkwithus.③你愿意和我跳舞吗？Will_you_dancewithme?5．助动词shall和should的用法(1)助动词shall的用法。①shall用于第一人称，“shall＋动词原形”表示将来的动作或状态。Really？OK，Ishalldowhatyousaid.真的吗？好吧，我就按你说的办。②shall表示发言者或主语的意志，包括诺言、决心、强制等。Youshallgivemeacigarette，orIshalltelltheboss.你必须给我一支烟，要不我就告诉老板。③shall用于询问对方的意向。WhereshallImeetyou？我在哪儿见你？(2)助动词should的用法。①“should＋动词原形”表示过去将来的动作。Iheardthatyoushouldgetapromotion.我听说你要升职了。②should表示义务。Youshouldworkharder.你应该更努力地工作。[即时跟踪5]完成句子①我们下星期才能知道结果。Weshan't_know_the_resultsuntilnextweek.②你应该照你父母的话做。Youshould_dowhatyourparentstellyou.③我很惊讶，他竟说这样的话。I'msurprisedthathe_should_say_so.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．I_was_allowed(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.(2016·全国Ⅰ，语法填空)2．Jack_was_working(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.(2016·北京)3．Ihave_read_(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI'lltrytofinishitattheweekend.(2016·北京)4．Silkhad_become(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.(5．JustasIgottotheschoolgate，IrealizedIhad_left(leave)mybookinthecafe.(2015·安徽)Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehad\adrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.(2016·浙江)2．Wemusteq\f(found,find)waystoprotecttheenvironment.(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)3．Lotsofstudieshavebeen\shownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)4．Ifyoueq\f(are,were)me，wouldyoutalktothem？(2015·四川，短文改错)5．Sorealfriendshipshouldeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(be))abletostandallsortsoftests.(2014·大纲全国，短文改错)Ⅰ.词形变换1．Buttheassumption(assume)thathumancloneshavealreadybeenbornhasn'tbeenprovedyet.2．Youneedtohittheballaccurately(accurate)．3．IncollegeIhadbeentaughtthatasuccessfuleducator(educate)shouldignorebadbehavior.4．Shewasalarmed(alarm)atthethoughtoftravellingalone.5．Apunctualpersonisneverlateinkeepinganappointment(appoint)．Ⅱ.单元语法A)用适当的助动词填空6．WewillgotoLondonfirstnextweek.7．ThemodernOlympicGameswereheldin1896，inAthens.8．Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadabillion?9．Hopeyouwon'thavetowaitaslongaswedid.Goodluck!10．Hehasmadegreatprogressrecently，andsohaveyou.B)选词填空eq\x(being，has，did，got，is)11．Arobotisdoingmyoldjobnow.12．We'vegotaproblemhere.13．Whattimedidyougetherethismorning?14．Thesharepricehasfallenagaintoday.15．Ifeltatthetimethattheofficialwasbeingratherunhelpful.Ⅲ.阅读理解Didyouknowthatmanypeopletodayaregettingextraworkbytakingtranslatingjobsonline?It'strue！Andyoucandoittoo.ManycompaniesintheUSAneedtranslatorsnowtotranslatesimpledocumentsonlinefromChinesetoEnglish，suchasemails，websitecontent，moviesubtitlesandmore.CompanieslikeRealTranslatorJobsareactivelyseekingtranslatorsfromChinatofilldemand.Therearemoretranslationjobsthanpeopletocompletethem.Thisleavesabigopportunityforanyonetostartdoingthisandearnextramoney.DoyouhavetospeakperfectEnglish？No！EvenbasicknowledgeofEnglishisOK.ThisisreallyajobforanyonefromChinawhowantstodoit.WespoketoonestudentfromBeijing，Harris，whohasbeendoingthisfor2yearsnowandisearningbetween150and225everyday.Hecompletesabout3to4jobsperdaywhichtakeshimabout3hours.It'sanincredibleamountofmoneytoearnonyoursparetime!Itisgreatthatwenowliveinthe“InformationAge”andopportunitieslikethisareavailabletopeopleinChinatoearnextramoneyworkingfromhomeovertheInternet.It'ssomethingthatourparents'generationcouldhaveneverimagined.ThistypeofworkissurelytodogreatthingsforyoungpeopleinChina.Ifyouwouldalsoliketodothis，it'seasytogetstarted.Justfollowthesesteps：1．SignupatRealTranslatorJobs(whereChinesetranslatorsareneedednow)，orasimilarservice.2．Reviewthejobpostingandcompletetheonesyoulike.3．Getpaidoncepermonthbycheque，PayPalorbankwiretransfer.Ihopeyouenjoyedthisinformationandgoodluckearningextramoneyonlinebytranslatingdocuments.16．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowtoFindaJobontheInternetB．HowtoEarnExtraMoneyC．GettingExtraWorkbyTakingTranslatingJobsOnlineD．HowtoFindaFriendontheInternet答案C解析标题归纳题。根据短文首句“Didyouknowthatmanypeopletodayaregettingextraworkbytakingtranslatingjobsonline？”以及下文描述可知，这篇短文主要介绍了当今一些人通过从事在线翻译得到额外的工作。选项C“通过从事在线翻译得到额外工作”符合本文主题。17．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutthedocumentsonlinetranslated?A．Articles. B．Emails.C．Websitecontent. D．Moviesubtitles.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“...translatesimpledocumentsonlinefromChinesetoEnglish，suchasemails，websitecontent，moviesubtitlesandmore.”可知这些文件不包括“articles”，故选A。18．IfonecompanyintheUSAneedsatranslator，heorshe________.A．shouldspeakperfectEnglishB．canspeakbasicEnglishC．mustcomefromChinaD．mustcomefromBeijing答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“EvenbasicknowledgeofEnglishisOK.”可知，只要能说基础的英语就能满足要求。故选B。19．WhichstepisNOTfollowedifyougetstartedthetranslatingjobonline?A．SigningupatRealTranslatorJobs.B．Reviewingandcompletingthejobposting.C．Gettingpaidoncepermonthbycheque.D．Gettingpaidonceamonthincash.答案D解析细节理解题。根据Justfollowthesesteps：下面的4条可知，选项D不是需要遵循的步骤。故选D。Ⅳ.完形填空Theearlywinterstormwasmuchworsethantheforecast.Inthe1950s，__20__wasfrequentlyabest-guessscience.“Sweetheart，”DadwhisperedtoMom，“I'vegotto__21__bedandcheckontheturkeys.”WhenDadleftthehouse，Mom__22__thathewouldnotbeabletomakeittothefarm，__23__thesnowwashittingthelittlewhitewoodenhouseat40milesperhour.At7a．m.，Momwasreadytocallfor__24__whenDad'struckslidintothedriveway(车道)．Dad，backhome__25__theoutside，nearlyfeeldownonthekitchenfloor.“__26__Priest(牧师)Gurney，”hesaid.“Havehimtellpeopleatchurchtocomeuptothefarmandgeta__“NearasIcantell，wehave500frozenbirds，”Dadcontinued，shakinghisheadin__28__.“Givemeaminutetoget__29__andcleanedup.”Withsevenchildrentofeed，heknewwhatthe__30__wouldmean.ThatmorningPriestGurneyrelayed(转达)thesad__31__.Thenhecalledotherlocalpriestsandaskedthemto__32__theirfriendsandneighborswheretheycouldgetaturkeywithnocharge.Asthesunburstforth，hundredsofcarsdroveupthe__33__roadtotheFowlerfarm.Everyturkeywas__34__.Nearlyallofthebirds，whichstillhadtobecleaned，werepaidforincash.Whenpeoplerealizedour__35__hadbeensolved，theytalkedandevenlaughed__36__.SomeoneplacedadonationcanonthehoodofDad'struck.Moremoneywas__37__thanthebirdswouldhavecostatthestore.MomandDad__38__stoppedworryingastheycountedhundredsofdollarsandhundredsoffriends.Wecouldn'tthankthese__39__peopleenough.20．A.climate B．winterC．weather D．news答案C解析根据Theearlywinterstormwasmuchworsethantheforecast.可知，那个时候“天气”很难预料。21．A.takecareof B．getoutofC．makeuseof D．lookforwardto答案B解析根据checkontheturkeys可知，作者的爸爸说他必须“起床”去看一下那些火鸡。22．A.warned B．liedC．explained D．feared答案D解析当时下着大雪，作者的妈妈“担心”作者的爸爸都走不到农场那里。23．A.because B．thoughC．if D．unless答案A解析作者的爸爸走不到农场那里，是“因为”风雪太大，这里解释了原因。24．A.advice B．timeC．help D．money答案C解析根据whenDad'struckslidintothedriveway可知，知道紧急情况后，作者的妈妈准备寻求“帮助”。25．A.from B．aroundC．towards D．for答案A解析第二段提到爸爸离开屋子去看火鸡，这里是“从”外面回来，故选from。26．A.Follow B．CallC．Ask D．Remind答案B解析根据Havehimtellpeopleatthechurchtocomeuptothefarm可知，作者的爸爸让作者的妈妈给牧师Gurney“打电话”。27．A.free B．niceC．costly D．rare答案A解析那些火鸡冻死了，作者的爸爸想着只能把他们“免费”送出去了，根据倒数第二段描述人们依旧购买也可推知。28．A.curiosity B．sadnessC．excitement D．anger答案B解析火鸡都冻死了，作者的爸爸应该很“难过”。29．A.awake B．excitedC．warm D．clever答案C解析作者的爸爸当时从外面进来，由于外面很冷，他应该需要点时间“暖和”一下。30．A.failure B．experienceC．future D．loss答案D解析这里是指那些死去的火鸡所带来的“损失”。31．A.suggestion B．reportC．story D．forecast答案C解析这里是指所有火鸡都死了这件“事情”。32．A.teach B．tellC．confirm D．find答案B解析那位牧师让别的牧师们“告知”邻居和朋友在哪里可以不用花钱就能得到火鸡。33．A.dry B．dirtyC．snowy D．sandy答案C解析下了大雪，故路上应该还有积雪，故选snowy。34．A.examined B．fedC．protected D．wanted答案D解析来了那么多人，所有火鸡都可以被人拿走了，故选wanted。35．A.mystery B．problemC．feeli