2023年高考英语一轮复习话题语篇专攻练10人物传记（一）外研版

2023年高考英语一轮复习话题语篇专攻练10人物传记（一）外研版PAGEPAGE2话题语篇专攻练10人物传记(一)(建议用时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AEdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcomets(彗星)whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbit(轨道)ofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.However,HalleyhadafriendnamedIsaacNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem,buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse(椭圆形).NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredout(解决,计算出)theorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607,and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearancehadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Threedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutit,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcometsaspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertaintomakeaprediction(预言)ofwhatwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiswouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley’spredictioncouldbetested.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehaddiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethadbeencalledHalley’scomet,inhishonor.【文章大意】文章介绍了哈雷和他发现的哈雷彗星,以及发现验证哈雷彗星的过程。1.EdmundHalleyfiguredouttheorbitof______.A.somedifferentcometsappearingseveraltimesB.thesamecometappearingatdifferenttimesC.threedifferentcometsappearingatthesametimeD.severalcometsappearingatthesametime【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段中Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.及上文提到的看见彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年、1682年可以判断。2.Halleymadehisdiscovery______.A.bydoingexperimentsB.bymeansofhisowncarefulobservationC.byusingtheworkingofotherscientistsD.bychance【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Hestudiedtheobservationsofcometswhichotherscientistshadmade.可知哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观察中得出来的,应选C。3.Halleymadeasurprising,butcorrectpredictionintheyear______.A.1704B.1705C.1706D.1707【解析】选B。数字计算题。根据第五段中Hedecidedthatthiswouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley’spredictioncouldbetested.可以推断出哈雷做出预言的时间是1705年,应选B。4.Thispassageingeneralisabout______.A.HalleyandotherscientistsB.theorbitofacometC.NewtonandHalleyD.Halleyandhisdiscovery【解析】选D。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知文章的中心是哈雷以及他发现的哈雷彗星,应选D。B(2022·佛山模拟)MrSelfridge,theWisconsin-bornretailer(零售商)wholeftschoolat14,rosetobecomeapartnerinMarshallField’sChicago.Foundedin1852,itwasoneofthefirstandmostambitiousUSdepartmentscores.MrSelfridgehaddonewellwithMarshallField’s.Helikedtosay,“Thecustomerisalwaysright,〞whichmadetheChicagostorepopular.Andheisbelievedtohaveinventedthephrase,“OnlysomanyShoppingDaysuntilChristmas〞.WhenhevisitedLondononholidayin1906hewassurprisedtofindmostofthecity’sdepartmentstoreswerenomatchoftheirAmericanandParisiancompetitors.ThisledSelfridgetoleavetheUSandestablishSelfridges—adepartmentstorenamedafterhim,atthewestendofLondon’sOxfordStreet.InOxfordStreet,Selfridge’sdesignteamshapedanambitiousclassicalpalacebuildingwithawallofplateglasswindows.Openedin1909,Selfridgesofferedcustomersahundreddepartmentsalongwithrestaurants,aroofgarden,readingandwritingrooms,receptionareasforforeignvisitors,afirstaidroomandmostimportantly,asmallarmyofknowledgeablefloor-walkingassistantswhoservedasguidesaswellasbeingthoroughlyinstructedintheartofmakingasale.MrSelfridgedidmuchtomakethedepartmentstoreadestinationratherthanjustabigandcomprehensivelystockedcityshop.Itbecameaplacetomeetandforladiestolunch.MrSelfridgelaterintroducedthedepartmentstoreasakeyelementofthe20thCenturyculture,andChaplinacknowledgedthegrowingtrendforshoppinginthedepartmentstoreinhisfilmTheFloorwalker.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了美国著名销售大师Selfridge的销售特色以及他开拓英国市场的过程。5.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMrSelfridgefromParagraph1?A.Hewaswell-educated.B.Hewasagiftedbusinessman.C.Hewasamodestman.D.Hewasdishonest.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段后三句可知MrSelfridge擅长商业经营,应选B。6.WhatmadeSelfridgebuildadepartmentstoreinLondon?A.ThelargepopulationinLondon.B.Hisdesiretoownadepartmentstore.C.Hisconfidenceinbusinesssuccess.D.AffectionforLondonarchitecture.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知他在1906年来伦敦的时候,发现没有一家伦敦的百货店能够和美国的百货店相比,于是他就在伦敦建立了商店。说明他对自己的商业模式很自信,认为自己一定能够取得成功,应选C。7.WhatwasSelfridges’mostimpressivecharacteristic?A.Thenumberofdepartments.B.Thebroadchoiceofgoods.C.Thesmallgroupofguards.D.Thewell-trainedsalesguides.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段可知在他的商业模式中最重要的是训练有素的销售助理,应选D。8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.TointroducethehistoryofSelfridge.B.Tocomparedifferentdepartmentstores.C.Toencouragereaderstospendmore.D.Toexplainhowtostartadepartmentstore.【解析】选A。目的意图题。根据全文内容可知本文主要介绍了美国著名销售大师Selfridge的特点以及他到英国开拓市场的过程。Ⅱ.完形填空(2022·洛阳模拟)Startingfrommyearlyyoungage,Iwasahappychild.However,atagetwelve,mylifehadahuge__1__.Idevelopedobsessivecompulsivedisorder(OCD).Istartedtowashmyhandstentimesanhourto__2__bacteriaandIfrequentlycheckedmykitchentomakesurethatitwas__3__.Thiswayoflifecontinuedforfour__4__years,andbythen,myOCDhadledto__5__.IwasnolongerthehappylittlegirlIhadbeen.ItoldmymotherthatIwassufferingfromdepression.SoMumtookmetoa__6__.Themedicinedidn’thelpmeverymuch.Iwasstill__7__sad,believingthatmylifenolonger__8__.Oneautumneveningtwoyearsago,Ihitrockbottom.I__9__thoughtsuicidewastheonly__10__tomydepressionproblem,soIwroteasuicide__11__tomyfamily.AsIwasfoldingthenote,my__12__fellonaphotograph.Itwasapictureofalovelylittlegirlwithdark-blueeyes__13__ofadventureandcuriosity.Ittookmeafewminutesto__14__thatthesmilinggirlinthephotowasme.Thephotohadbeentakenatoneweekendatmyuncle’shousewhenIwasseven.SuddenlyIfeltachill(惊悸)anditwaslikemyyounger__15__hadsentmeamessage.OnceIhadbeena__16__littlegirl,andIhadtobecomestronglikethatagain.ItoreupmysuicidenoteandsworethatIwouldhaveto__17__thedepressionwithmymind,too.Icouldmakemyselfhappyagain.Ithasbeentwoyears__18__I“rediscovered〞myself.IamOCDanddepression-free.Iampreparedforwhatever__19__lifemaybring.Myheroisaseven-year-oldgirl,__20__backatmefromaphotoonmydesk.【文章大意】本文讲述的是一个女孩与抑郁症抗争的故事。1.A.request B.breakdownC.outcome D.drawback【解析】选B。根据下文可知作者患了强迫症,request请求;breakdown崩溃;outcome结果;drawback缺点;应选B。2.A.avoid B.breed C.carry D.examine【解析】选A。我每小时洗十次手以防止(avoid)细菌。3.A.down B.hot C.off D.clear【解析】选C。我频繁地检查厨房以确保远离(off)细菌。4.A.boring B.careful C.shy D.painful【解析】选D。我度过了痛苦的(painful)四年。5.A.impression B.pressureC.motivation D.depression【解析】选D。强迫症导致了抑郁症。6.A.doctor B.strangerC.teacher D.schoolmaster【解析】选A。根据下文的medicine可知妈妈带我去看医生了。7.A.generally B.suddenlyC.occasionally D.constantly【解析】选D。我依然(constantly)很伤心。8.A.changed B.matteredC.succeeded D.failed【解析】选B。根据下文作者想过自杀,可知她觉得自己的生命不再重要。应选B。9.A.still B.even C.yet D.barely【解析】选B。我精神到了谷底甚至想到了自杀。still仍然,还;even甚至;yet但是,然而;barely几乎不。应选B。10.A.situation B.method C.solution D.relation【解析】选C。我甚至觉得自杀是解决我抑郁症问题的唯一方法,solutionto...,表示“……的解决方法〞。11.A.essay B.notice C.note D.poster【解析】选C。所以给我的家人写了自杀的留言条(note)。下句AsIwasfoldingthenote也有note的复现。12.A.hands B.heart C.head D.eyes【解析】选D。考查语境逻辑。我看到一张照片。13.A.full B.free C.proud D.fond【解析】选A。深蓝色的眼睛里充满(full)了冒险和好奇。14.A.imagine B.realize C.predict D.guess【解析】选B。我花了很长时间才意识到(realize)照片中微笑的女孩是我。15.A.brother B.sister C.uncle D.self【解析】选D。我突然感到一阵寒意,那是年轻的自己在向我传递信息。16.A.strong B.beautifulC.young D.curious【解析】选A。曾经我是一个强大(strong)的女孩。17.A.accept B.fight C.relieve D.distract【解析】选B。我撕碎了遗书并且发誓必须和抑郁症作斗争(fight)。18.A.when B.after C.before D.since【解析】选D。自从我重新找到自己已经两年了,应选D。19.A.concerns B.demandsC.challenges D.chances【解析】选C。不管生活带来什么挑战,我都准备好了。concern关注;demand需求;challenge挑战;chance时机。应选C。20.A.crying B.shoutingC.smiling D.going【解析】选C。我的英雄是书桌上照片中在向我微笑的7岁女孩。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dr.Baronehashelpedmanykidssmilewhowerebornwithdefects(缺陷),includingme.ShedidmyfirstoperationswhenIwasababy,whichwerethemostimportantand1.__________(effect).Idon’trememberthefirsttwooperationsverywell.ButIdorecall2.__________third.Dr.Baronewaskindandeasedmeintotheprocess.Sheletmechoosemysleepmedicine,3.__________(make)surethatIwasokay.Irecentlysawapictureofmebeforemyoperation,andIknow4.__________abigjobshedid.Dr.Barone5.__________(operate)onpeoplewithalltypesofbirthdefects.Shealsogoestoothercountrieswherepeoplecannotaffordthistreatmentandhelpsthem6.__________free.Manypeoplebenefitfromhernewways7.__________(inv