高中英语语法专项学案 名词性从句

名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四种。每一种从句都有自己的引导词，引导词都位于从句的句首，且从句使用陈述语序。名词性从句的引导词引导词用法从属连词that，whether，if等均不在句子中作成分。that没有意义，引导宾语从句时可以省略；whether和if意为“是否”，在宾语从句中可互换使用，但在其他名词性从句中只用whether连接代词What,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever，whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分，不能省略连接副词 when,where,why,howwhenever，wherever,however等在从句中作状语，有具体的含义，不能省略Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.Hehasn’tdecidedwhetherhewillgothere.Doyouknowwhohasgotfirstprize?Whatweneedismorepractice.5)Whoeverhashelpedtosavethedrowningboyisworthpraising.6)Whenhewillgoabroadhasn'tbeendecidedyet.7)Oneknewwhyhemadesuchamistake.名词性从句的分类一、主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句可直接放在句首，也可用形式主语it代替，而将主语从句放在句末。1.that引导的主语从句that引导主语句时只起连接作用，没有实际意义，也不在从句中作任何成分。但是,that不能省略。Thattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.扶所周知，地球围绕太阳转。(从句作主语，谓动词用单数形式,)whether,if引导的主语从句Whether引导的主语从句既可以放在句首可以放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在何末，前面需用it作形式主语。whether,if只起连接作用，在句中不作成分。Whetheryousucceedornotdependshowhardyouworkatit。你能成功取决于你努力的程度。(whether引导的主语从句放在句首）Itisunknownwhether/ifhehasagreedtomyplan.不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划。(主语从句是whether/ifhasagreedtomyplan,it作形式主语。)3.连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句(1)连代词what,who,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Whathesaidjustnowistrue.他刚才所说的话是真的。(主语从句是Whatsaidjustnow,what在从句中作said的宾语。)Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished,J王子犯法与庶民同罪。(主语句是Whoeverbreaksthelaw.whover在从句中作主语)特别点击whoeverwhatever引导的名词性从句一般不用it作形式主语。(2)what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待,但在实际使用中,其单复数取决于其成分的含义。Whatthekidwantedwasonlynewschoolbag.那个孩子想要只是一个新书包。(schoolbag是可数名词单数，谓语词用单数。)Whattheyneedarecarandsomewater.他们需要的是一辆车和一些水。(acarandsomewater示复数概念谓语动词用复数,)(3)连接副词when,where,why,how在从句中作状语。Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsmystry.它们(恐龙)为什么突然消失了还是个谜。(主语从句是Whytheysuddenlydispeared,why在从句中作原因状语。)Whenwe'llgoforapicnicisn'tknown.我们什么时候去野餐还不知道。(主语从句是Whenwe'llgoforapicnic,when在从句中作时间状语.)4.必项用“it”"作形式主语的主语从句(1)1t+be+形容词(obvious.true.naturnlsurprising.good.wonderful,funny.possiblelikely,bable等)+that从句。"Itisn'tlikelythatIshouldacceptsuchanofferasthat.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。(2)It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise等+that从句。It’snosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃你。(3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported.thought,expected,decided.announced.arranged等)+that从句。ItisdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnexiMonday]会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。(4)It+动词/动词短语(seem,appear,happen.matter,turnout,occurto,makenodifference等)+that从句。ItsuddenlyoccurredtoherthatJoewasafraidofbeingalone.她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着Itseemsthatheisnotquitehimselftoday.他今天好像不怎么舒服。(5)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、愧惜.理应如此等语气时.谓语动词用成拟语气“should+动词原形”，常用句型为“Itisnecessary/important/surprising/strange/natural等+that从句”或"Itissugestedrequested/desired/ordered/demanded等+that从句”。Itisnecessarythatwe(should)havebreakfast.我们吃早餐是有必要的。Itwassuggestedthatwe(should)putoffthemeeting.有人建议我们推迟会议。[练全题点1]单句语法填空1.Itisoftenthecase________anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.2.Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.______findstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit3.________LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon'tacceptit.4._________weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.5.__________thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.6.Exactly_________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain.butitwasprobablyaround1565.7.Somepeoplebelieve________hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.8.1think_________impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.9._________itissunnyorcloudythisweekend,I'IlpayavisittotheBird'sNest.10.Ithasbeenproved________eatingvegetableshelpsbuildupstrength.二、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句分为动词的宾语从句和介词的宾语从句，其引导词有连词that,whether,if;连接代词what,who,which,whom,whose,whoever,whatever;连接副词when,where,why,how及how构成的短语等。1.动词的宾语从句(1)动词的宾语从句一般紧跟在及物动词后,但也可用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放在句末。一般定语后有补足语时需用it作形式宾语。Hesuggestedthattheyleavethehotelatonce.他建议他们应该马上离开旅馆。Shetookitforgrantedthatyouknewthematter.她认为你知道这件事情是理所当然的。Ithinkitnecessarythatyoushouldpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation.我认为你多注意你的音是有必要的。(2)有些动词如hate,like,take,own,have等后跟宾语从句时,宾语从句前需加it。Canyouseetoitthateveryoneknowsthedateofthemeeting?你能保证把开会日期通知到每个人吗?1hateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfull.我讨厌他们说话时满嘴食物。2.介词的宾语从句介词后也可用宾语从句，但that引导的宾语从句一般不直接跟在介词后，如果需要，多用it作形式宾语，然后再接从句。1worriedaboutwhetherIhurthisfelings.我担心的是,是不是伤了他的感情。YoumaydependonitthatIshallalwayshelpyou.你要相信我会一直帮你的。[练全题点2]单句语法填空1.ImadeupmymindIwouldfindout_________wasgoodinmypresentsituation.2.Wenowrealize_________importantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.3.Thejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethan______CaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.4.Scientistsarestillnotexactlysure_______genesinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.5.Youhavetoknow_______you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.6.Itrulybelieve_________beautycomesfromwithin.7.Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigate_______isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.8.Wemustfindout________Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.9.Readingherbiography,Iwaslostinadmirationfor_______DorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.10.Theexhibitiontellsus_______weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.三、表语从句表语从句位于主句的连系动词be,seem,look,sound,taste,feel,remain,appear等之后，常用的连接词和主语从句的连接词相问，用法也一样.此外，表语从句还时用asif,asthough,because来引导。1.that,whether引导的表语从句that，wherher只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分。that无词义，一般不能省略.whether意为"是否”,不能换成if。Mydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat6o'clocktomorrowmorning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。Theproblemiswhetherthemeetingwillbeheld.问题是是否要举行会议。2.asif,asthough,because引导的表语从句(1)asif,asthough引导的表语从句，可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。Youlookasifyou'vehadagoodtime.你看起来好像玩得挺开心。(陈述语气)HelooksasifhewerefromtheMars.他看起来像来自火星。(虚拟语气)(2)because引导表语从句时，主句主语不能用reason。一Youlooktired.--你看起来很累。-ThatmaybebecauseIdidn'thaveagoodsleepyesterdayevening.也许是因为我昨天晚上没睡好。特别点击如果主句主语是reason,表语从句连接词用that,不能用why或because.常见句型为“Thereason(why...)isthat...Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathegotuplate.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。(that不能换成because)3.wh-类表语从句应注意的问题wh-类连接词引导的从句作表语时，通常不含有疑问意义，而是分别表示具体地点、时间、原因和方式等。ThisiswhyIthinkmyhappiestdayswillbeinthefuture.这就是我认为自己最快乐的日子会在将来的原因。Tomorrowiswhenitwoudbethemostoeine明天是最方便的时候，ThisiswhereImetPeterforthefirttime.这是我第一一次遇见彼得的地方。4.表语从句用虚拟语气的情况如果主句的主语是advice,demand,order,suggestion,requiremet,request,command等时，表语从句用虚拟语气，结构是“(should)+动词原形”。Hissugggstionisthatwe(should)setoffatonce他的建议是我们应该立即出发。Myadviceisthatyou(should)quitsmoking,我的建议是你应该戒烟。[练全题点3]单句语法填空1.Collegeis_______youmeetyourbridesmaidsneighbors,andporentialbosses.2.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat'snot________shipsarebuiltfor.3."Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea."Thisis______mymotherusedtotellme.4.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas_________hescoredthewinninggoal.5.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That's________Iwasborn.”6.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.7.Whatamess!Youarealwayssolaxy!-I'mnottoblame,Mum.Iam____________youhavemademe.8.Ourhometownisnot___________itusedtobefiveyearsago.9.Hewaslazyandstubborn.That's_________hecouldn'tsucceedinachievinganything.10.Thereasonwhyhefailedtheinterviewis_________helackedconfidence.四、同位语从句在复合句中作同位语的从句叫作同位语从句。1.同位语从句的引导词同位语从句一般由that,whether,who,which,what,when,where等引导。Hereceivedtheorderthathe(should)comebackbythenoon.他接到命令,中午之前要回来。Hedidn’tanswerthequestionwhereweshouldputthepiano.他没有回答我们应该把钢琴放在哪里这个问题。<2.可以跟同位语从句的常见名词同位语从句常放在belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,news,order,possibility,promisesuggestion,suggestion,truth,thought,evidence等表示抽象意义的名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。Thereisnodoubtthathecanwinthefirstprize.他能获得第一名,这是毫无疑问的.ThethoughtthatImaylosemywaymakesmefeelworried.我有可能迷路这一想法让我感到很紧张。[练全题点4]单句语法填空1.Themanagerputforwardasuggestion________weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.2.一IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?一Yeah,butIhavenoidea________hedidit;that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.3.Ihadnoidea________theirweddingwastobeheld.Maybeinthechurch,Ithink.4.Thereissomedoubtamongpeople_________$749istoomuchforaniPhone4.5.Thenews_________SanLumilkpowderkilledsomebabiesrockedthewholenation.6.Arumourgoes_________anotherbigearthquakewillstrikewenchuan.7.1havenoidea_________themeetingwillbeheldinourschool.8.-1wonder________hegotthenews.-Arelativehelpedhim.9.Thereisnodoubt_________Chinacanbuldaspacestationinthenearfuture.10.Hegavemeapieceofadvice________Ishouldtakeexerciseaterwork.五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1.从被修饰词上区别先行词。同位语以可前只管是idea,fact,news,hope等这类有一定内面的名词，定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthrusting.他是否值得信赖的问题不是我们正在调查的。(同位语从句)Ourteamwonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我们队赢了,这让我们很高兴，(定语从句)2.从性质上区别同位语从句是对前面的抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句，定语从句是对其先行词进行修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句。Thenewsthatourtemhaswonthegameistre我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句)Thenewsthathetoldmeysterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句)3.从引导词上区别某些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句:而which能引导定语从句却不能单独使用引导同位语从句。Thequestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)Heshowedmehisnewcellphonewhichheboughtyesterday.他给我看了他昨天新买的手机。(定语从句)4.从引导词在句子中所作的成分区别语(1)that在定语从句中必须作成分，指物时有时可用which代替，作宾语时可以省略:而that引导同位语从句时则仅起连接作用，不作任何成分,不能省略,也不能用which代替。下能省略，也不能用which代替。Wereceivedanorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们收到了派几个1人去帮别的小组的命令。(同位语从句)Theorderthatwereceivedwasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们收到的命令是派几个人去帮助别的小组。(定语从句)(2)引|导词when,where,why虽在两种从句中都作成分，但引导定语从句时，前面的名词应分别表示时间、地点、原因;在同位语从句中则不然。1havenoideawherehehasgone.我不知道他去了哪里。(同位语从句)LastweekIwenttothesmallvillagewherehewasborn.上周我去了他出生的那个小村子。(定语从句)六、几组引导词的用法区别1.引导词what与that的用法区别引导名词性从句时,what在从句中要充当句子成分，表示一定的意义;that不作任何成分，只起连接作用，也没有具体意义。Whatthepeoplebadlyneedisfood,waterandmedicineintheearthquake.地震中人们急需的是食物、水和药品。Itisreportedthatthetwocountrieshavemadeanagreementabouttheirtrades.据报道这两个国家已就贸易问题达成了协议。2.[whether和if的区别](1)引导表语从句，同位语从句时一般用wheter不用if.Theproblemiswhetheryoucangetintouchwiththem.同题是你能否联系上他们，Wehaveadoubtwhetheritistrue我们怀疑那是不是真的。(2)主语从句用it作形式主语替代时，位于句中whether和if都可使用，位于句首只能用whether,Ithasn'tbeendecidedyetwhether/ifweshallholdameeting.whetherweshallholdameetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.我们是否开会还没有决定，(3)引导宾语从句时，为了强调实语部分，也可把从句放在何首，此时只用wheher不用计。WhetherhewillcomeIamnotsure,他是不是来我不确定，(4)从句作介词宾语时，只用whether不用if,Itdependsonwhetheritwillbefine.那得看是不是晴天。(5)作discuss等动词的宾语时,用whether不用if,Wedisussedwhetherweshouldusethemoneytobuyanewhouse,我们讨论的是是否该用这笔钱买套新房子。(6)与ornot直接连用时,用whether不用if,Idon'tcarewhetherornotyourcarbreaksdown.我不关心你的车是不是坏了。(7)句子中已有if引导的条件句，如再有表示“是....”的宾语从句，用whether不用if.HeaskedmewhetherI'dmovetoNewYorkifIgotthejob.他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬家到纽约。(8)有时用if容易产生歧义,所以用whether。Pleaseletmeknowifyouneedhelp.如果你需要帮助请告诉我。(或“请告诉我你是否需要帮助。”)Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouneedhelp.请告诉我你是否需要帮助。(9)从句为否定结构时,-般用if不用whether.Idon'tknowifitwon'traintomorrow.我不知道明天是不是不下雨。3.what,who等与whatever,whoever等的区别what,who等是指具体的人或物，有特定的范围;whatever,whoever等是表示任何-个人或事物，无范围可言,语气比前者强烈得多。Idon'tknowwhocansharebothmyjoysandsrrows我不知道谁能与我同甘共苦。I'llmakefriendswithwhoevercansharebothmyjoysandsorows.我要与能和我同甘共苦的人交朋友。4.doubt,I'msure后的引导词doubt用在肯定句中,其后的从句要用whether或if引导:用在否定句中则要用that引导;I'msure后的从句用that引导,I'mnotsure后的从句用whether或if引导。Idoubtif/whetherhewillcomesoon.我怀疑他是否很快就到。Ihavenodoubtthathewillcomesoon.他很快就会来,对此我毫不怀疑。I'msurethathecanpasstheexam.我相信他考试会及格的。I'mnotsurewhetherhecanhelpme.我不确定他是否会帮我。[练全题点5]单句语法填空1.-Iwonder________Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.-Byworkingouteveryday.2.Itisdffcultforustoimagine________lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.3._________IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.4.________struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.5.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief________youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.6.Fromspacertheearthlooksblue.Thisis_______aboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.7._______oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.8.Itremainstobeseen_________thenewlyformedcommitte'spolicycanbeputintopractice.9._______yousaidatthemeetingdecribesabrightfutureforthecompany.I.单句语法填空1.[2017，北京卷]Everyyear,_______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.2.[2017●天津卷]Sheaskedme________Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.3.[2017.江苏卷]Wechoosethishotelbeausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof___________itusedtocharge.4.[2017，北京卷]Janemovedaimlesslydownthetreelinedstreet,notknowing______shewasheading.5.[2017.北京卷]Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis_______onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.6.[2016●北京卷]Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.__________youcandohelps.7.1askedhim________hisfatherhaddonesothathebecamesuchagoodperson.8.Myfirsttaskwastodecidewheretogoand________togetthere.9._______beganasasmallactivityhastakentheshapeofaninspiringinstitutionofinternationalstandards.10.Therefore,itisadvisable_______youshouldvalueandtreatthemwithcare.11.That's_______itisgoodtoeatfruitsandvegetables.12.WhilevisitingHangzhou'sWestLakeanditssurroundingbeautifulhills,you'llunderstand_____it'sbeenagreatsourceofinspirationforartists,poemsandphilosophersthroughoutChinesehistory.13.Studentscanchoose_________theywanttodoandregisteronline.14.Ithinkthedoctorisabletocureof_________iscalledasuspect.15.Thetravelerlosthiswayinthewoods,and________madethingsworsewasthatitwasgettingdark.16.Youaresayingthateveyonesouldbeequal,andthisis_______Idisagree.17.Peopleallovertheworldhaveadream_______theywillalwaysliveapeacefullife.18._______cleansyourwindowsdoesn'tmakeagoodjobofit,forthereissomuchdustonthem.19.Theyoungcouplewashavinganargumentabout________turnitwastodothecooking.20.________youdowillberightbecauseyouareawiseandresponsibleman.21.Theteachersintheschoolareverykind.Itdoesn'tmatter_______youhavestudiedthereforashortoralongtime.22.Thebrideandgroomgave______attendedtheirweddingsomegifstosharetheirhappiness.23.Theman'sinocencewasdisbelivedunilevidencecametolight________hewastrappedbyagroupwhohadcomitedthemurder.24.Nowallofourconcentrationison_______itisthattheglobalenvironmentwillreturntonormal.25,Howdiditcomeabout________aquietpersonshouldappearsowildtoday?单句改错1.Thereisclearevidencewhichcatingbetterandexercisingmorewillreducewaistsizeandburnoffbellyfat.2.Ifwewillgotheretomorrowdependsontheweather.3.Nomatterwhohasinterestinouroutdooradventureclubcanapplyforitsmembership.4.Whatfashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.5.Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknowwhichlaneisheentering.6.Toimprovethequalityofourproductsweaskedforsuggestionswhohadusedtheproducts.7.Itneveroccurredtomewhatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.8.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeiswhyshecanhaveeayaccessplaceslikeshopandrestaurants.9.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,andwhenallthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.10.Asastudentofseniorgradethree,you'dbetterdothatyoucantoimproveyourstudies.11.Doyouknowhowdotheywanttoshowlove?12WhatIhavebeenadmittedintotheBeijingUniversityexcitedme.13.Whateverheneedsisyourunderstanding.14.Thereasonwhytheywerealwayspoorwaswhichtheypaidlittleattentiontoeducation.15.Ifthisistrueornot,Ireallydon'tknow