高考英语二轮培优江苏专用文档专题五书面表达第一讲

第一讲│提高语言表达技巧高考书面表达最高档次的评分标准中，要求“词汇丰富，有修辞意识，显示出较强的语言运用能力”。因此要想在高考英语写作中取得高分，就必须使用一定的高级词汇和句式，为文章增加闪光点，避免单一、呆板的句式，从而增添语言表达的多样性和灵活性，提高文章的档次。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(写作四亮点)1.肯定不如双否好修辞的使用在写作中是很大的亮点，双重否定也是种修辞，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。[典例]Thepostmancomesontimeeveryday.→Thepostmanneverfailstocomeontimeeveryday.[典例]Hebelievesthathehasenoughtimetochallengehimself.→Hebelievesthatitisnevertoolatetochallengehimself.[典例]Ms.LiMs.Lispentawonderfultimewithus，butweknowthatweshouldthankherforallherhardworkandguidanceverymuch.→Ms.Lispentawonderfultimewithus，butweknowthatwecannotthankherenoughforallherhardworkandguidance.[典例]Iquiteagreewiththisview.→Ican’tagreemorewiththisview.应用类似的修辞会在高考中为考生加分。2.陈述不如倒装妙在写作中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装、强调、从句、独立主格或分词结构以及虚拟语气。倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式，足以应对写作，如何应用倒装，有很多方法和技巧。(1)否定词开头[典例]Iwillnevermarryyou.→NeverwillImarryyou.其他的否定词，如not，seldom，hardly等开头的句子倒装都是比较好的句子。(2)地点状语开头[典例]Ourlibraryisinthecenterofourschool.→Inthecenterofourschoolliesourlibrary.[典例]Therearesomeflowersonthebank.→Onthebankstandsomeflowers.在表达地点时就把地点状语放在句首，后面进行主谓倒装，这样做的好处之一是倒装本身就是高级结构，第二是倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾，后面还可以继续加从句，使整个句子呈现更多的亮点。[典例]Inthecenterofourschoolliesourlibrary，whichisbetweenthegardenandtheteachingbuilding.(3)only＋介词短语[典例]Wecanliveinmorecomfortableandbeautifulsurroundingsonlyinthisway.→Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinmorecomfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.(4)形容词＋as＋主语＋谓语动词[典例]AlthoughIfeltdisappointedattheshabbycampusandthepoorly-equippedclassroom，Ifoundtheteacherspatientandconsiderate.→DisappointedasIfeltattheshabbycampusandthepoorly-equippedclassroom，Ifoundtheteacherspatientandconsiderate.[典例]Althoughourcountryisrich，wehavealotofproblems.→Richasourcountryis，wehavealotofproblems.还有其他的倒装结构：[典例]SogladamItohearfromyou.3.主动不如被动巧在英文中，被动语态的使用很重要。因为英语中经常用被动语态，汉语中经常用主动语态；英语中经常用物称或形式主语开头，强调一件事发生在什么人身上，而汉语经常用人称开头强调一个人发生了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯，如果能将整个文章中两个句子变成被动语态，就会呈现出丰富的句型，整篇文章也生动起来。[典例]Thenwewillcutthecakeandwe’llsingsongsandplaygames.→Thenthecakewillbecutandwe’llsingsongsandplaygames.4.分词结构不能少在所有的高级语法中，阅卷老师最喜欢看到的是独立主格和分词结构，其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构。如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢？学会下面的口诀，如果你的作文中有状语从句，马上可改成独立主格或分词结构这个最大的亮点。口诀：一去，二看，三改。一去：去连词；二看：看主语；三改：改分词。[典例]Ifsuchisthecase，youshouldapologizetoher.第一步，去掉连词if；第二步，看前后两句话的主语，前后主语不一致，所以要改成独立主格；第三步，改分词，is变成分词是being，所以最后变成：Suchbeingthecase，youshouldapologizetoher.[典例]Ms.Lienteredtheclassroom，andhewassurprisedtofindwewerestandinginline，clappinghandsandsayingloudly“HappyTeachers’Day！”→Enteringtheclassroom，Ms.Liwassurprisedtofindwewerestandinginline，clappinghandsandsayingloudly“HappyTeachers’Day！”[典例]Isawthemonthebus;Ifeltakindofsatisfaction.→Seeingthemonthebus，Ifeltakindofsatisfaction.eq\a\vs4\al\co1(常用高分句型)1.合并句子(丰富结构)·NotonlycanIimprovemyoralEnglishbutalsoIlearnsomecustomsinwesterncountries.·Foronething，theyhelptoimprovemywritingskillsandbroadenmyhorizons.Foranother，theycanenrichmylifeandprovidemewithgreatfun.2.改变语态(避免单调)·Besides，Iamabook-loverandthebooksaresowellkeptthattheyareasgoodasnew.3.使用省略(达到言简意赅的效果)·Ifso，pleasekeepquietaboutitbecausewewanttogivehimasurprise.4.使用强调句型(突出语意)·Myexperiencetellsmethatitisnotwhatyouaregivenbuthowyoumakeuseofitthatdetermineswhoyouare.·ItisforthesereasonsthatIfinallymademychoice.·It’sbecauseofthisandmyeffortinclassthatImanagedtogetthefirstplaceintheEnglishContestheldrecentlyinourschool.5.使用倒装句(增强说服力)·Sosuddenlydidhecatchthediseasethatthewholefamilywereatagreatloss.6.使用虚拟语气(提出建议，委婉表达，易于接受)·Shewouldhaveneverthoughtacompletesurprisewaswaitingforher.7.使用with复合结构(丰富句式)·Theparkwasfulloffreshnessandbeautyofspring，withthesunshiningandbirdssinging.8.使用状语从句(强调谓语或句子)·WheneverIhaddifficulties，theywerealwaysavailable.9.使用定语从句(表意丰富)·In2012，hewhowaspraisedbyhisteacherforbeinggoodatarrangingtimereceivedhisfourthdegreethroughlearningontheInternet.·Lastbutnotleast，myphysicsteacherismyrolemodel，whoseinfluenceonmehadalottodowithmydecision.10.使用名词性从句(体现扎实的语言功底)·Nottomindwhatotherssaysolongasweareconfidentinwhatwehavedone.·MyEnglishisjustOKandthetwomainproblemsinmystudyarethatIfeelitdifficulttolearnwordsbyheart，andthatIoftenfeelnervouswhenspeakingEnglish.11.使用非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词以及动名词的使用，可使句式多样化)·What’sworse，theyspatandeventhrewrubbishintothelake，totallyignoringthenoticeablesign“NoLittering”nearby.·SuHuaandLiJiangbumpedintoeachother，tryingtocatchtheball.一、用复合句完成下列句子1.一个人要是不努力，就将一事无成。(状语从句)Nobodycanachieveanythingofrealsignificanceunless__he__works__hard.2.与逃逸的司机相比，我为我所做的感到自豪。(宾语从句)Comparedwiththeescapeddriver，Iamproudofwhat__I__did.3.不可否认的事实是，环境污染越来越严重了。(同位语从句)Noonecandenythefactthat__the__environment__is__getting__polluted__more__and__more__seriously.4.使我印象最深的是他们都经过了专业培训。(主语从句与表语从句)What__impressed__me__mostwasthat__they__had__had__professional__training.5.鞋在我们的生活中起着重要作用，因为它们能够保护我们的脚免受伤害。(状语从句)Shoesplayanimportantroleinourlife，for__they__can__protect__our__feet__from__being__hurt.6.我最大的爱好是读书看报，这已经成为我日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。(定语从句)Myfavoritehobbiesarereadingbooksandnewspapers，which__have__become__a__necessary__part__of__my__daily__life.7.众所周知，由于全球气候变化，地球正变得越来越暖和。(定语从句)As__we__all__know/As__is__known__to__all，theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmerduetotheglobalclimatechange.8.我们到了一座小山，山脚下有一条小河在流淌。(定语从句)Wearrivedatahill，at__the__foot__of__which__there__flows__a__small__river.9.只要我们有坚强的信念，就能够克服任何困难。(状语从句)As__long__as__we__have__a__strong__will，we’llbeabletogetoveranydifficulty.10.每当见到有人需要帮助时，我就会尽力去帮助他。(状语从句)Whenever__I__see__someone__in__need，Iwillsparenoefforttohelphim.二、按要求升级下列句式1.Afterwehadpracticedplayingbasketballforalmosttwomonths，westronglydesiredtobethewinner.(用分词作状语改写句子)→Having__practiced__playing__basketball__for__almost__two__months，we__strongly__desired__to__be__the__winner.2.Asthesocietydevelopsrapidly，it’snecessaryforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer.(用with复合结构改写句子)→With__the__society__developing__rapidly，it’s__necessary__for__us__to__have__a__good__knowledge__of__English__and__computer.3.Theyareexperienced，knowledgeable，patientandunderstanding.(用notonly...butalso...并列句型改写句子)→They__are__not__only__experienced__and__knowledgeable，but__also__patient__and__understanding.4.WeshouldspeakmoreEnglish.Wethinkitisveryimportant.(用it作形式宾语改写句子)→We__think__it__very