高考英语一轮复习Unit24Society学案北师大版选修

PAGEPAGE15Unit24Society(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形第一组：明其义1．inequalityn． 不平等2．householdn. 一个家庭3．currencyn. 货币4．taxpayern. 纳税人5．ownershipn. 所有权6．ragn. 破旧衣服7．pensionn. 退休金，养老金8．pregnantadj. 怀孕的9．leisuren. 闲暇，空闲10．frameworkn. 结构，构架11．collisionn. 相撞12．fountainn. 喷泉，喷水池13．postern. 海报14．fragrantadj. 有香味的15．spoonfuln. 一匙之量16．revengen. 复仇，报复17．swingvi. 摇动第二组：写其形1．depositvt.&vi. 存储，储蓄2．burdenn. 重担，负担3．vacantadj. 未住人的，空置的4．resignvt.&vi. 辞职5．deletevt. 删除6．chokevi. 窒息，噎住7．shrinkvi. (使)收缩，缩小8．virtuen. 优点，长处9．skipvt. 跳过10．castvt. 投下11．undertakevt. 着手做，从事12．squeezevt. 挤13．finen. 罚款14．sentencen. 判决15．abolishvt. 废除16．moreoveradv. 再者，此外17．furthermoreadv. 此外，而且18．homelessnessn. 无家可归19．accumulatev. 积累20．rotvt.&vi. 腐烂(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用1．voluntaryadj.自愿的→volunteerv．自愿做n.志愿者2．abundantadj.大量的→abundancen．大量3．signaturen．签名→signv．签名；打手势n.招牌；迹象；符号4．governvt.统治，管理→governorn．统治者，总督→governmentn．政府5．adjustmentn．调整，调节→adjustvt.调整，调节vi.使适应6．electvt.选举，推选→electionn．选举；当选；选择权7．mercifuladj.宽大的，仁慈的→mercyn．宽容，仁慈8．thirstn．口渴→thirstyadj.口渴的9．consequentlyadv.所以，因此→consequentadj.作为结果的；必然的→consequencen．结果，后果10．resistancen．反抗，抵制→resistvi.&vt.抵(反)抗，抵制11．robberyn．抢劫→robvt.抢劫→robbern．抢劫犯12．diverseadj.各种各样的→diversityn．各种各样；多样性(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用1．come_into_being 形成，存在2．wind_sb.up_ 故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)3．show_off 炫耀，夸耀4．knock_into_sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到5．break_into 闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)6．on_principle 根据原则7．sentence_sb.to_death_ 判某人死刑8．take_...seriously_ 认真对待……9．be_well/better_off 过得好/过得更好10．above_all 最重要的是；首先11．do_away_with_ 废除；摆脱，消灭12．contribute_to 促进，有助于13．play_an_important_role_in 在……中起重要作用14．to_start_with_ 首先15．take_..._into_account 考虑；注意，体谅16．keep_an_eye_on 注意，留意(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用1．It'shightimethatsb.shoulddo/didsth.“到某人做某事的时候了”悟原句Asasociety,it'shightimethatwetooktheseissuesmoreseriously.背佳句It'shightimethatweshouldtake/tookmeasurestopreservethenaturalresources.2.whatif是连词词组，意为“要是……怎么办”悟原句Whatifsomemarriedpeoplehaveaffairs？背佳句WhatifIfailthemathsexamnextweek？3.“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构悟原句Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs,whichmadeiteasiertokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements.背佳句IrememberImadeitquitecleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming.1.由“shrink”想到的动词①extend 延伸；伸出②increase 增加③enlarge 扩大；放大④expand 扩大；膨胀⑤decrease 减少⑥reduce 减少2.“virtue”相关词汇小结①optimism 乐观②modesty 谦虚③bravery 勇敢，勇气④justice 正义⑤diligence 勤勉⑥generosity 慷慨3.“一词多义”小聚①finen． 罚款②failv. 衰退，衰弱③engagevt. 吸引④expressn. 快车⑤cautionv. 告诫，提醒⑥desertv. 抛弃，离弃4.do短语集汇①doawaywith 废除；摆脱②doharmto 对……有害③doone'sbest 尽力④doone'sduty 尽职责⑤doup 重新整修⑥dowithout 没有……也行eq\a\vs4\al(巩固于训练上页记熟，本页练通；薄弱的考点，留待课堂重点攻坚)Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．Therobberyhappenedlastnightandshewasrobbedofmuchmoney.Therobberwascaughtinahotel.(rob)2．Inthelatestelection,_MarywaselectedchairwomanoftheStudents'Union.(elect)3．Toadjustherselftothestudyabroad,shehadtomakesomenecessaryadjustmentstoherhabits.(adjustment)4．Itisthegovernorofthecitywhogovernsthecity.Andheisacandidateforcentralgovernment.(govern)5．Beingavolunteercanbenefitusalot.Soweshouldplayanactivepartinvoluntaryactivities.(voluntary)6．Inconsequenceofhisbadworkthebossdismissedhim,andconsequentlyhelosthisjob.(consequent)7．Thisisagooddistrictwithabundant(abundance)fishandrice.8．Theiraimistoraiseamillionpoundstogetthehomeless(homelessness)offstreets.Ⅱ.介、副词填空1．Thesocietytodayofferstheyounggenerationmorechancestoshowoff_theirtalentandskills.2．DidItellyouaboutthetimethatathiefbrokeintomyhotelroom?3．Iknockedintothestaryouhadtalkedaboutinthetownthismorning.4．Perhapsitistruethatnobodyintheworldknowsexactlyhowtheearthcameintobeing.5．We'reamazedattheamazingnewsthathecommittedacrimeandwassentencedto_death.6．I'dliketobuyahouse,whichshouldbemodern,comfortable,andabove_allinaquietneighborhood.7．Tostartwith,_wehaven'tenoughmoney,andsecondlywe'retoobusy.Ⅲ.选词填空1．tostartwith/startwith①Youcanstart_withoneofthemandaddtheothersifyouhavetime.②To_start_with,_usethesameglassforyourdrinkingwaterallday.2．comeintobeing/comeinto①Ihadhardlycome_intotheroomwhenitbegantorain.②Therefore,thisnewkindofshoeshascome_into_beingrecently.Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义1．Wehadtoresignourselvestomakingalossonthesale.使顺从2．Shehadakindofvacantlookonherface.(目光、表情等)茫然的3．①Inafewshortsentences,Quinnexplainedwhathehaddone.句子②Hehasjustbegunalifesentenceformurder.判决③Shewasgivenathree­yearprisonsentence.服刑④Sanchezwassentencedtothreeyearsinprison.宣判4．①Infact,ourpensionsaremorethanwhatwespendeverymonthsoIfeelnoburden.负担②Theyhaveburdenedthemselveswithahighmortgage.(使)担负5．①Thecompanyhasannouncedthatitwillundertakeafullinvestigationintotheaccident. 着手做，承担②Heundertooktopaythemoneybackinsixmonths.允诺，答应Ⅴ.完成句子1．It's_high_time_that_we_stoppedtalkingandgotdowntowork.(It'shightimethat...)该是我们停止谈话着手工作的时候了。2．Masteringthetechnologymakes_it_possible_for_us_to_usetheInternetmoreeffectively.(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。3．What_if_we_move_the_pictureoverthere?Let'shaveatry.(whatif)要是我们把画移到那儿会怎么样？让我们试试。4．I_would_rather_you_didn't_doanythingforthetimebeing.(wouldrather)我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。5．Asisknowntous,Chinais_abundant_in_agricultural_produce.(abundant)众所周知，中国农产品丰富。6．Herfather'sillnesscast_a_shadow_over/onherweddingceremony.她父亲的病给她的婚礼留下了阴影。7．Be_merciful_to_me!Idaren'tdoitnexttime.饶了我吧，我下次不敢了。8．Someschoolswillhavetomake_adjustmentsinagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.很多学校将做出调整以和国家足球改革保持一致。9．Sheput_down_a_deposit_on_the_houselastweek.上周她付了房子的定金。10．Wouldyouhelpmetosqueeze_the_water_out_of_my_wet_clothes?请你帮我把湿衣服拧干好吗？

1．burdenn．重担，负担vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)(1)aburdenon/to... 是……的负担bear(takeon)/carry/reduce/sharetheburden 承受/担负/减少/分担重担(2)burdensb./oneselfwithsth. 装载……；使……负担……beburdenedwith... 负重；为……所累[演绎法练通]单句语法填空①Hisinvalidfatherisbecomingaburdenon/tohim.②Nowadaysstudentsareburdened(burden)withheavyhomework.③Hetookapart­timejobinsummerholidaytoburdenhimselfwithhisschoolfees.完成句子/句式升级④Therewillbemanychallengesahead,butIhaveconfidencethatI'lltake_on/bear_the_burden.尽管前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。⑤Hewasburdenedwithendlesspaperwork,sohedidn'thavetimetoaccompanyhisfamily.(过去分词作状语)→Burdened_with_endless_paperwork,_he_didn't_have_time_to_accompany_his_family.2．resignvt.&vi.辞职，辞去；使顺从resignone'sjob/post/position 辞去工作/职位resignfrom... 从……辞职resignoneselfto(doing)sth. 顺从……；使自己安于 (做)某事resignas... 辞去当……的职务resign...to... 把……托付给……[演绎法练通]单句语法填空①Maryresignedherpetdogtoherneighbourwhiletravellingabroad.②Lotsofyoungpeopleresignedfromthecompanytogotosmallcitiesbecauseofhigherhousepriceinbigcities.完成句子③Inordertolookafterhersickmother,myfrienddecidedtoresign_her_position_as_manager.为了照顾生病的母亲，我的朋友决定辞去公司经理的职务。④Theteamrefusedtoresign_themselves_to_defeat/being_defeated.该队不甘失败。3．electvt.选举，推选；选择(1)electsb.to... 选举某人进入……electsb.as/tobe... 选举某人为……electtodosth. 选择做某事(2)electionn. 选举；推举；当选runforanelection 参加竞选[演绎法练通]单句语法填空①Theyhaveamorethanevenchanceofwinningthenextelection(elect)．②Itissaidthatonlytwostudentswillbeelectedto_take(take)partinthecomingEnglishContest.③Heisalwaysreadytohelpotherstudents,sohewaselectedasmonitorofourclass.[名师指津]electsb.as...“选举某人担任……”，若所涉及的职位只有一个(即独一无二)，则其前面通常不用冠词。如句③。4．undertakevt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应undertake＋n./pron. 承担……undertaketodo... 着手做……；答应做……undertakethat... 答应……undertakefor... 为……负责[演绎法练通]单句语法填空/完成句子①Theteamwillundertakeforthisexperimentwhichisimportanttothewholecountry'ssecurity.②Heundertookto_improve(improve)theworkingconditionsandtheworkerswereexpectingit.③Wearesupposedtoundertake_the_responsibilitytoleadalow­carbonlife,whichisofgreatsignificance.我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。5．sentencen．&vt.判决；宣判；判刑完成句子①HisfamilyhopehewillbeallowedtoreturntotheUKtoserve_a_sentence.他的家人希望他被允许回到英国服刑。②Thedriverdeclaredguiltywasfined$25,000andwas_sentenced_to_three_years_in_prison.宣布有罪的那位司机被罚款25000美元，被判三年徒刑。③It'sreportedthatthejudgepassed/gave_sentence_onthemurdereronMay18.据报道，法官于5月18日宣布了对杀人犯的判决。[归纳法记牢](1)serveasentence 服刑pass/givesentenceonsb. 给某人判刑(2)sentencesb.to... 给某人判……刑(常用被动语态)besentencedtodeath/threeyearsinprison 被判死刑/三年徒刑1．knockintosb.撞上某人单句语法填空①Iknockedintoanoldfriendofmineinthepark.②Becarefulwiththelittletrees,anddon'tknockthemdown/over.③Pleaseknockat/onthedoorbeforeyoucomeinnexttime.④ItisreportedthatFranceknockedBelgiumoutinthefootballmatch.⑤Wearegoingtoknockoff￡5,000oneachcar.[归纳法记牢]knockdown/over 撞倒；打倒；拆除knockat/on 敲(门、窗、墙等)knockout 使失去知觉；击败，使……淘汰knockoff 减价；中断，停止2．showoff炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示完成句子①Mikehasonlydriventothepubtoshow_off_his_new_car—heusuallywalks.迈克开车来酒吧只是为了向大家炫耀他的新车，他通常是步行的。②Theheadmastershowed_the_visitors_around_our_schoolyesterday.昨天校长带领那些来宾参观了我们的学校。③Apolicemanputsomechemicalsonthepieceofpaper,andalineofwordsshowed_upclearly.一位警察在那张纸条上涂上一些化学药品，一行字迹清晰地显示出来了。④Aseriesofagriculturalproduceare_on_showinthisexhibition.一系列的农产品在本次展览会上展出。[归纳法记牢](1)showsb.(a)round/in/out 带领某人参观/进来/出去showup 出席，露面；暴露(2)(be)onshow＝(be)ondisplay 在展出3．comeintobeing形成，存在comeintoexistence 开始存在，建立，产生comeintoeffect/force 生效comeintouse 开始使用comeintopower 掌权comeintosight/view 看见；进入视野comeintofashion 开始流行[演绎法练通]单句语法填空①Whendidthetermof“new­newpeople”comeintoexistence(exist)?②TheIrishFreeStatecameintobeing(be)in1922.③Themountaintowncameintosight/viewasweturnedthelastcorner.4．Whatif...?What_ifsomemarriedpeoplehaveaffairs?要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？用法规则(1)Whatif...？意为“如果……将怎么办？”(2)howcome意为“……是怎么回事，为什么”(3)Sowhat？“那又怎么样？”注意事项(1)Whatif...可以看作Whatwillhappenif...？的省略形式；还可表示“即使……又有什么关系”，是Whatdoesitmatterif...的省略形式。(2)howcome可以单独出现在对话的语境中，也可以在howcome后接语序完整的陈述句。[针对训练]完成句子①(2018·天津高考)What_iftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?如果他们长时间谈论一幅你不感兴趣的画将怎么办？②(2017·天津高考)—MichaelwaslateforMr.Smith'schemistryclassthismorning.—How_come?AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatetoclass.——迈克尔今天上午在史密斯先生的化学课上迟到了。——怎么会呢？据我所知，他上课从来不迟到的。5．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs,whichmade_it_easiertokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements.他们派卫兵把守着胡同的入口，这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。(1)本句使用了“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语tokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements。(2)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、动词不定式(不带to)等来充当。[针对训练]完成句子①Smartphonesmake_it_easier_and_more_convenienttowatchvideoclipsandchatonline.智能手机使观看视频片段及网上聊天变得更容易、更方便。②PeopleintheWestmake_it_a_rule_to_buyChristmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.西方国家的人在圣诞节时给亲戚和朋友购买礼物已成为一个常规。③Theydidn'tknowthenativelanguage,sotheycouldn'tmake_themselves_understood.他们不懂当地的语言，所以他们不能使当地人理解自己的意思。④OurEnglishteacheroftenmakes_us_retellthetexts,whichisbeneficialtoourEnglishstudy.我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文，这对我们的英语学习有益。[名师指津](1)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，当表示“独一无二的官衔”的名词作补足语时，名词前无冠词。(2)在英语中，动词let,make,have,feel,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,hear等后要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。如句④。一、在考题集训中查验单元语基(一)高考中的语法填空1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheirfinest(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundance(abundant)andahappyhome.3．(2018·北京高考)Susanhadquitherwell­paidjobandwasworkingasavolunteer(voluntary)intheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.(二)高考中的阅读理解词类活用(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.n.志愿者生词僻义(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Therearefourfantasticgalleriestovisitfromfinearttointeractivefun,sothere'ssomethingforeveryone！美术，艺术(三)高考中的完形填空1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Ihaveaverystrongfearthattheliewe'retellingisdoing__52__damagetoourchildren.A．physical B．biologicalC．spiritual D．behavioral解析：选C根据常识可知，说谎可能会对孩子造成精神上的伤害。physical“身体的”；biological“生物的”；spiritual“精神上的”；behavioral“行为上的”。2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Iwonderifparentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe__50__.A．restrictions B．explanationsC．differences D．consequences解析：选D根据常识可知，父母无论是一直说谎还是一直讲真话，都会产生后果。故可判断句意为“我不知道父母是否应该一直不计后果(consequence)地讲真话”。(四)高考中的写作1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Moreover,_he_worked_hard_with_other_doctors,_which_inspired_the_whole_nation,_including_doctors,_patients_and_the_healthy_public.(moreover；定语从句)此外，他与其他医生一起努力工作，鼓舞了全国人民，包括医生、病人和健康的公众。2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)The_followings_are_my_virtues.First,_I_can_speak_English_fluently,_so_I_have_no_difficulty_communicating_with_native_speakers.(virtue)以下是我的长处。首先，我能说一口流利的英语，所以我和以英语为母语的人交流没有困难。3．(2018·北京高考书面表达)To_start_with,_warmly_welcome_to_Beijing_where_you_are_going_to_study,_and_I_am_sure_that_you_will_have_a_good_experience_during_your_college_in_Beijing.(tostartwith)首先，热烈欢迎你来北京学习，我相信你在北京的大学生活一定会很愉快。二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇eq\a\vs4\al(“社会热点问题”主题常用词汇)①supermarket □②cafeteria □③aging □④housing □⑤abus