英美概括第八讲英国文学

Lecture8Teacher：李基亚英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第1页!OldEnglishLiteraturelatemedievalliteratureearlymodernenglishliterature19thcentruyenglishliterature20thcenturyenglishliterature远古英国文学中世纪晚期英国文学早期现代英国文学19世纪英国文学20世纪英国文学英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第2页!AlsocalledAnglo-Saxonliterature,fromthemid-5thcenturytotheNormanConquestof1066theEnglishlanguageinusebetweenthelate11thcenturyandaround1470whenaformofLondon-basedEnglishbegantobeewidespread,itistheearliestformbeingprehensibletomodernreadersLiteratureproducedduringthereignofQueenElizabethI;thisperiodwasaflourishingofliterature,esp.dramaFeaturedbyRomanticism,aplexartistic,literaryandintellectualmovementFromtheVictorianeratotheendof20thcentury,featuredbyModernistMovementOldEnglishLiteratureMiddleEnglishLiteratureEarlyModernEnglishLiterature19thcenturyEnglishLiterature20thcenturyEnglishLiteratureBeowulf《贝奥武夫》/Cædmon————————————————————————GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里·乔叟WilliamLangland威廉·朗兰————————————————————————Shakespeare莎士比亚/BenJohnson本·约翰逊/ChristopherMarlowe克里斯托弗·马龙/FrancisBacon弗朗西斯·培根/JohnMilton约翰·弥尔顿/JohnBunyan约翰·班扬/HenryFielding亨利·菲尔丁WilliamWordsworth威廉·华兹华斯/SamuelTaylorColeridge柯勒律治/RobertSouthey骚赛/JaneAustin简·奥斯丁/SirWalterScott司各特/MaryShelly玛丽·雪莱/JohnWilliamPolidori波里多利/Dickens狄更斯ThomasHardy托马斯·哈代/JamesJoyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯/ThomasStearnsEliot艾略特/WilliamButlerYeats叶芝/JohnRonaldReuelTokien托尔金/JoanneMurray(JKRowling)罗琳英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第3页!Beowulf贝奥武夫英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第4页!英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第5页!MiddleEnglishLiterature中世纪英语文学Chaucer

TheCanterburyTales乔叟《坎特伯雷故事集》WilliamLanglandPiersPlowman威廉·朗兰《农夫皮尔斯之梦》英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第6页!WilliamLanglandPiersPlowman,a14thcenturyEnglishdream-versionPiersPlowman,writtenbetween1360-1387,isconsideredtobeoftheearlygreatworkofEnglishliterature.ItisaMiddleEnglishnarrativepoem,posedwithunrhymedalliterativeversedividedintosectionscalled“passus”.英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第7页!Shakespeare莎士比亚(1564-1616)WilliamShakespearewasanEnglishpoetandplaywright,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminentdramatist.HeisoftencalledEngland'snationalpoetandthe"BardofAvon".Hissurvivingworks,includingsomecollaborations,consistofabout38plays,154

sonnets,twolongnarrativepoems,andseveralotherpoems.Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlivinglanguageandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第8页!Shakespeare'sGrave英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第9页!JohnMilton(1608～1674)约翰·密尔顿Englishpoet,authorandcivilservantMiltonisfamousforhisepicpoemParadiseLost,whichposedinblankverseOriginallypublishedin1667,thepoemconcernstheChristianstoryoftheFallofMan:thetemptationofAdamandEvebythefallenangelSatanandtheirexpulsionfromtheGardenofEden.Milton'spurpose,statedinBookI,isto"justifythewaysofGodtomen"andelucidatetheconflictbetweenGod'seternalforesightandfreewill.英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第10页!19thcenturyenglishliterature十九世纪英语文学WilliamWordsworth威廉·华兹华斯/SamuelTaylorColeridge柯勒律治/RobertSouthey骚赛/JaneAustin简·奥斯丁/SirWalterScott司各特/MaryShelly玛丽·雪莱/JohnWilliamPolidori波里多利/Dickens狄更斯英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第11页!英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第12页!JohnRonaldReuelTokien(1892-1973)约翰·罗纳德·瑞尔·托尔金JohnTokien,anenglishwriter,poetanduniversityprofessor,whosework,TheLordoftheRingsandTheHobbit,arethebestknownstoriesamongtheworld.HewasaprofessorofAnglo-SaxonatOxfordUniversityfrom1925-1945andtheProfessorofEnglishLanguageandLiteraturefrom1945-1959.

TheLordofRingsisanepicfantasynovel,whichwasposedduring1937-1949andwasthenpublishedintothreeseriesbooks.Thisworkpresentsthethinkingofphilosophy,religion,andfairytales,whichreflectsalsotheAnglo-SaxonpoemBeowulf.英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第13页!OldEnglishLiterature古英语文学Beowulf《贝奥武夫》Cædmon凯得蒙英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第14页!authorunknowndateProducedbetweenthe8thandtheearly11thcenturylocationSetinDenmarkandSwedenstoryBeowulffightsthreeantagonists:Grendel,Grendal’smotherandadragon,hedeadsoonafterthelastbattlewithdragonsignificanceThewayofdepiction:theherotravelslongdistancestoprovehisstrengthatimpossibleoddsandbeastswhichembodysupernaturalpower.英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第15页!Cædmon凯得蒙theearliestEnglishPoetwhosenameisknownanacplishedandinspirationalreligiouspoet

Cædmon'sonlyknownsurvivingworkisCædmon'sHymn,thenine-linealliterativevernacularpraisepoeminhonorofGodwhichhesupposedlylearnedtosinginhisinitialdream.

MemorialtoCædmon,StMary'sChurchyard,Whitby.Theinscriptionreads,"TothegloryofGodandinmemoryofCædmonthefatherofEnglishSacredSong.Fellasleephardby,680"英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第16页!GeoffreyChaucerGeoffreyChaucer(1343----1400)Englishpoet,philosopher,bureaucrat,anddiplomatTheCanterburyTales英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第17页!EarlyModernLiterature中世纪英语文学Shakespeare莎士比亚/BenJohnson本·约翰逊/ChristopherMarlowe克里斯托弗·马龙/FrancisBacon弗朗西斯·培根/JohnMilton约翰·弥尔顿/JohnBunyan约翰·班扬/HenryFielding亨利·菲尔丁英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第18页!JohnShakespeare'shouse,believedtobeShakespeare'sbirthplace,inStratford-upon-Avon.英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第19页!FourTragedies四大悲剧

KingLear李尔王Hamlet哈姆雷特Macbeth麦克白Othello奥赛罗FourComedies四大喜剧

AMidsummernight’sdreamMerchantofVeniceMuchadoaboutnothingTwelfthNight英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第20页!BlackVerse素体诗Blankverseisatypeofpoetry,distinguishedbyhavingaregularmeter,butnorhyme.InEnglish,themetermostmonlyusedwithblankversehasbeeniambicpentameter（抑扬格五音步）音步(Foot)英诗中重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节，但不能少于两个或多于三个音节，而且其中只有一个必须重读。分析英诗的格律就是将它划分成音步，并区分出是何种音步以及计算音步的数量。这种音步划分叫scansion。根据一首英诗组成的音步数量，每一诗行一个音步称“单音步”(monometer)；每一诗行有两个音步的，称“双音步”(dimeter)；含有三个音步的，称“三音步”(trimeter)；此外还有四音步(tetrameter）、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octameter)。抑扬格（iamb,iambic.）如果一个音步中有两个音节，前者为轻，后者为重，则这种音步叫抑扬格音步，其专业术语是。轻读是“抑”，重读是“扬”，一轻一重，故称抑扬格。英语中有大量的单词，其发音都是一轻一重，如adore,excite,above,around,appear,besides,attack,supply,believe,return等，所以用英语写诗，用抑扬格就很便利。也就是说，抑扬格很符合英语的发音规律。因此，在英文诗歌中用得最多的便是抑扬格，百分之九十的英文诗都是用抑扬格写成的。youbeat│yourpate,│andfan│cywit│wille:knockas│youplease,│there’sno│body│athome.诗行

一诗行不一定是一个完整的句子。英文诗每行的个字母都大写，但是一诗行不一定是一个完整的句子，不一定能表达一个完整的意思。有时候，一行诗正好是一句，有时两行甚至许多行才构成一个意思完整的句子。前者叫end-stoppedline（结句行），后者叫run-online.（跨行句）。这是英文诗与中国诗的最大区别之一。中国诗歌都是一行表达一个完整的意思。看下面一节诗：Ishotanarrowintotheair,Itfelltoearth,Iknewnotwhere;For,soswiftlyitflew,thesightCouldnotfollowitinitsflight.前两行是end-stoppedline，后两行是run-online。读跨行句诗，行末停顿较短。跨行句在英文诗歌中极其普遍，有时十来行才成一完整句子。英美概括第八讲英国文学共24页，您现在浏览的是第21页!JaneAustenwasanEnglishnovelistwhoseromanticfictionsarethemostwidelyreadandlovedbythepeople.AndAusten'srealismandbittersocialmentaryestablishedherimportanceasawriter.Austenlivedherlifeaspartofasmallandclose-knitfamily.Hereducationwasmainlyformherfatherandolderbrothers.She