2023版高考英语大一轮复习Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero复习练案新人教版必修1

PAGEPAGE2Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernheroⅠ.完形填空eq\x(导学号42492102)(2022·广西第一次质检)HenryFordwasanAmericanindustrialist,thefounderoftheFordMotorCompany.WhenHenryForddecidedtoproducehisfamousv-8motor,hechosetobuildan__1.B__withtheentireeightcylinders(气缸)puttogether,andinstructedhisengineersto__2.A__adesignfortheengine.Thedesignwasplacedonpaper,butalltheengineersagreedthatitwasjust__3.D__tomakeupaneight-cylinderengineinreallife.Fordsaid,“Produceit__4.C__〞“But，〞theyreplied,“It'simpossible！〞“Goahead，〞Ford__5.C__.“Andstayonthejobuntilyousucceed,nomatterhowmuch__6.B__isrequired.〞Therewasnothingelsefortheengineerstodobutgoahead，__7.B__theywantedtocontinuetoworkintheFordCompany.Sixmonthspassedandnothinghappened.__8.A__sixmonthspassed,and__9.D__nothinghappened.Theengineerstriedeverypossibleplanto__10.B__theorders,butthethingseemedoutofthequestion:impossible!Attheendoftheyear,Ford__11.A__withhisengineers,andagainthey__12.D__himtheyhadfoundnowaytofollowhisorders.“Gorightahead，〞saidFord,“Iwantit,andI'll__13.B__it.〞Theywentahead,andthen,asifbyastrokeofmagic,thesecretwas__14.D__.Eventually,theFord's__15.B__hadwononcemore!ThesecretoftheFordtellsusthatifyoucan,you'llnothavetolookveryfar.HenryFordwas__16.A__，becauseheunderstoodand__17.A__theprinciplesofsuccess.Oneoftheseisdesire,inwhichthesecretofhisgreatachievementhavebeen__18.B__.IfyoucanfindoutandmakefulluseoftheparticulargroupofprincipleswhichmadeHenryFord__19.C__，ifyoucandothis,youcan__20.B__hisachievementsinalmostanyfieldthatyouaresuited.文章大意：亨利·福特在要制造著名的v-8气缸引擎汽车时，曾指示他的工程师着手生产一种引擎，要把8个气缸全放在一起。设计的纸上作业完成了，但是工程师们都认为现实中不可能做到。然而在福特的一再坚持下终于取得了成功。1．A.entrance B．engineC．airline D．apartment解析：根据第2空后的adesignfortheengine可知，福特要制造8气缸的引擎。应选B项。entrance意为“入口；通道；入场〞；airline意为“航线；航空公司〞；apartment意为“公寓〞。2．A.produce B．findC．collect D．adjust解析：根据第4空前的Produceit可知，福特指示他的工程师生产出这种引擎。produce意为“生产；制造〞；find意为“发现〞；collect意为“收集〞；adjust意为“调整〞。根据语境可知选A项。3．A.unnecessary B．reasonableC．practical D．impossible解析：根据下文It'simpossible！可知，虽然设计完成了，但是工程师们都认为这是不可能(impossible)做到的。应选D项。unnecessary意为“没必要的〞；reasonable意为“合理的〞；practical意为“实用的〞。4．A.though B．anywhereC．anyway D．somehow解析：根据下文stayonthejobuntilyousucceed可知，福特的态度很坚决，即他让工程师们无论如何都要生产出来。though意为“尽管；但是〞；anywhere意为“无论哪里〞；anyway意为“无论如何〞；somehow意为“以某种方式〞。根据语境可知选C项。5．A.agreed B．beggedC．commanded D．cried解析：根据空后的Andstayonthejobuntilyousucceed...可知，此处是福特命令工程师们继续做下去。agree意为“同意〞；beg意为“乞求〞；command意为“命令〞；cry意为“哭〞。应选C项。6．A.money B．timeC．food D．furniture解析：根据下一段中的Sixmonthspassed...________sixmonthspassed可知，此处指不管花多少时间(time)。应选B项。7．A.once B．ifC．unless D．but解析：对工程师们来说，如果他们还想在福特公司继续工作，除了继续下去没有别的选择。根据语境，设空处引导条件状语从句，应选if。once意为“一旦〞；unless意为“除非〞；but意为“但是〞。8．A.Another B．OtherC．Every D．Theother解析：根据上文的Sixmonthspassedandnothinghappened.可知，此处指又过了六个月。another意为“另外的〞，与数词连用时，置于数词之前；other意为“另外的〞，与数词连用时，置于数词之后；every意为“每一个〞；theother指两者中的“另一个〞。设空后为数词six，应选A项。9．A.only B．evenC．always D．still解析：根据本段最后一句．..butthethingseemedoutofthequestion：impossible！可知，又过了六个月，仍然(still)没有进展。应选D项。only意为“只有，仅仅〞；even意为“甚至〞；always意为“总是〞。10．A.sendout B．carryoutC．pickout D．takeout解析：sendout意为“发出某物；派出某人〞；carryout意为“执行；实行〞；pickout意为“挑出，选出；识别出〞；takeout意为“带(某人)出去(到餐厅等)〞。根据设空后的theorders(命令)可知，carryout符合语境。应选B项。句意为：工程师们试过了所有可能的方案去执行命令，但事情似乎毫无可能：不可能！11．A.checked B．quarreledC．agreed D．replaced解析：根据语境，在年末时，事情仍然没有进展，而福特的态度依然坚决。因此，此处指他再次和工程师们确认。checkwithsb.意为“与某人核实〞；quarrelwith意为“与……争吵〞；agreewith意为“同意；与……一致〞；replace…with…意为“用……替代……〞。应选A项。12．A.teased B．warnedC．persuaded D．informed解析：根据空后的…hadfoundnowaytofollowhisorders.可知，工程师们再次告诉福特无法执行他的命令。tease意为“取笑〞；warn意为“警告〞；persuade意为“说服〞；inform意为“通知；告知〞。应选D项。13．A.buy B．haveC．order D．give解析：此处说明福特的态度和决心：我想要8个气缸的引擎，而且一定会得到！buy意为“买〞；have意为“有；拥有〞；order意为“命令；订购〞；give意为“给〞。应选B项。14．A.spread B．inventedC．admitted D．discovered解析：根据下文…hadwononcemore！可知，最后工程师们成功了，发现了其中的奥秘。spread意为“蔓延〞；invent意为“创造〞；admit意为“成认；准许进入〞；discover意为“发现〞。应选D项。15．A.contribution B．determinationC．organization D．education解析：根据上文的Goahead及nomatterhowmuchtimeisrequired等可知，此处指福特的决心(determination)。contribution意为“奉献〞；organization意为“组织〞；education意为“教育〞。16．A.successful B．luckyC．careful D．impatient解析：根据第15空后的hadwononcemore及第17空后的success可知，此处指福特是成功的(successful)。lucky意为“幸运的〞；careful意为“仔细的〞；impatient意为“不耐烦的〞。应选A项。17．A.applied B．correctedC．changed D．broke解析：福特的成功是因为他理解并应用了成功法那么。apply意为“应用〞；correct意为“纠正〞；change意为“改变〞；break意为“打破〞。应选A项。18．A.removed B．describedC．prevented D．waited解析：根据语境，福特一直坚持做v-8引擎，是他的坚持和渴望使他取得了成功，而这在他取得巨大成就的秘诀中被描述(describe)出来。remove意为“开除；去除〞；prevent意为“阻止〞；wait意为“等待〞。应选B项。19．A.upset B．unsuccessfulC．rich D．anxious解析：福特的巨大成就为他带来了财富，因此，此处指如果你能发现并充分利用这些让亨利·福特富有的(rich)原那么。upset意为“心烦意乱的，不安的〞；unsuccessful意为“不成功的〞；anxious意为“焦虑的〞。应选C项。解答此题时可用排除法，根据语境可知此处应用褒义词。四个选项中只有C项是褒义词。20．A.remember B．equalC．satisfy D．accept解析：句意为……如果你能做到这个，你就能在几乎你适合的任何领域取得同样的成功。remember意为“记得〞；equal意为“等于，比得上〞；satisfy意为“满足〞；accept意为“接受〞。应选B项。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2022·湖北八校第二次联考)eq\x(导学号42492103)BornintheStateofNewYorkonMay14th,1984,MarkZuckerbergwasaninstantsuccess.Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclassics,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.ItearnedhimadmissiontoHarvardUniversity.Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsitecalledFacemashintheuniversity—aninstantlycontroversialwebsitethatencouragedstudentstorateeachotherbasedonappearance.Thesitewascontroversialforseveralreasons.Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.Thesecondwasitscontroversialnature—noteverystudentlikebeingrankedbasedontheirappearance.Thethirdwasitshugeresourceuse—whileitwashostedonHarvardservers,itwasthemostpopularpageintheuniversity'sentirenetwork.Zuckerbergwassoonforcedtoshutthesitedown,butitspopularityandcontroversyhadmadehimconsideritsfuturepotential.HesoonturnedthesimplesiteintoapersonaloneforHarvardstudents,encouragingthemtonetworkwiththeirpeersatthecollege.Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunched“TheFacebook〞，whichimmediatelyspreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessintheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.Thecompanyhasbeencriticizedfrequently,nevertheless,Zuckerberghasremainedtruetohisinitialvision—tocreateawebsitethattheentireworldcanusetocommunicateopenlyandeasilywithoneanotherandtokeeptheuserexperiencecleanandpure.Theendresultisoneoftheworld'sbiggestonlinebusinesses.Althoughitstruevalueisdebatable,it'ssafetosaythatFacebook,anditscreatorMarkZnckerberg,aretwoofthetwenty-firstcentury'smostinfluential,controversial,andpotentiallypowerfulfigures.文章大意：本文主要讲述脸谱网创始人马克·扎克伯格在读大学期间创立网站遭遇挫折但后来走向成功的故事。1．WhenMarkZuckerbergwasastudent,he__B__.A．wasoftenpraisedbyteachersforthewebsitehecreatedB．hadgoodacademicperformanceC．alonecreatedawebsitecalledFacebookD．encouragedstudentstosetupbusinesslikehim解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句中的topstudents和academicpraise可知B项正确。A项中forthewebsitehecreated表述错误；C项中alone表述错误；D项在文中未提及。2．ThereasonwhyZuckerbergshutthesitedownwasprobablythat__B__.A．hiswebsitewasnotpopularB．hewasdoubtedforthewayheusedphotographsC．heneededtimetoreconsiderhischoiceD．hestoleresourceonHarvardserver解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二句Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs，whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.可推断，网站关闭的主要原因可能是非法使用照片。应选B项。takeissuewith意为“提出异议〞。3．WhichwordscanbestdescribeZuckerberg？__D__A．Easy-goingandsmart. B．Quietandshy.C．Talentedandoutgoing. D．Rebelliousandcreative.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，扎克伯格很反叛(rebellious)，又很具有创造性(createdawebsite)。应选D项。4．Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe__A__.A．MarkZuckerbergandHisFacebook B．TheFoundationofFacebookC．ATalentfromHarvardUniversity D．TheDevelopmentofFacebook解析：主旨大意题。从文章内容和最后一段中．..it'ssafetosaythatFacebook，anditscreatorMarkZuckerberg，aretwoofthetwenty-firstcentury'smostinfluential，controversial，andpotentiallypowerfulfigures.可知，本文主要讲述了扎克伯格和他的脸谱网。应选A项。Ⅲ.语法填空eq\x(导学号42492104)阅读以下短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2022·潍坊市高三期中)Ireland，Japan，Chinascientistssharethe2022NobelPrizeformedicine.WilliamCampbell，SatoshiOmuraandTuYouyoujointlywontheprize__1.for__theirworkagainstdiseases，theaward-givingbodysaidonMonday.Campbell__2.born__(bear)inIrelandandJapaneseOmurawonhalfoftheprizeforanewdrug,__3.which__hashelpedthebattleagainstriverblindness，aswellasshowing__4.powerful__(power)effectagainstotherdiseases.TheChinesescientistTuYouyoualsodiscoveredartemisinin(青蒿素)，adrugthathas__5.sharply__(sharp)reducedthedeath