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年高考英语真题深度解读(北京卷)2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)英语本试卷共11页,共100分。考试时长90分钟。第一部分知识运用(共两节,30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying“freeplay”,Isteppedtothedoorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.Suddenly,I____1____amovementoftheheavywoodendoor.ThiswastheverydoorI____2____guidedthechildrenthroughtoensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.Ifeltachill(寒意)gothroughmybody.Mylegscarriedmetothatdoor,andIpusheditopen.ItwasoneofmykindergartenerswhoIthoughtwas____3____thatday.Hehadbeendroppedoffatschoollateandwas____4____toopenthedoor.Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!Withoutaword,Irushedhimtothehospital.Hewastreatedforfrostbiteonhishands.He’dneedtimeto____5____,andwouldn’tcomeforclassthenextday,Ithought.Thenextmorning,oneofthefirstto____6____wasmylittlefrostbittenboy.Notonlydidheruninwithenergy,buthis____7____couldbeheardasloudasever!Igavehimawarmhugandtoldhimhow____8____Iwastoseehim.Hiswordshavestayedwithmealltheseyears,“Iknewyouwouldopenthedoor.”ThatcoldMondaymorning,hewaitedalong,longwhileforadultsto____9____.Toachild,everyminutefeelslikeforever.Hedidn’tattempttowalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.Thisfive-year-oldtaughtmeapowerfullessonin_____10_____.1.A.caused B.spotted C.checked D.imagined2.A.hesitantly B.randomly C.dizzily D.carefully3.A.angry B.absent C.special D.noisy4.A.courageous B.content C.unable D.unwilling5.A.recover B.play C.change D.wait6.A.settle B.gather C.arrive D.react7.A.sneeze B.weep C.complaint D.laughter8.A.lucky B.happy C.curious D.nervous9.A.showup B.pullup C.holdup D.lineup10.A.gratitude B.forgiveness C.faith D.kindness语篇解读主旨概要这是一篇记叙文。一个小男孩上学去晚了,被关在了门外,小男孩推不开们,于是大冬天的在门外等了很久,直到老师不经意间发现门有动静,才注意到他被关在门外。小男孩坚定地相信老师会给他开门,这种信念让老师一直铭记于心。语言知识重点词汇1.ensurev.确保,保证;保护,使安全2.frostbitev.冻伤,遭受霜冻3.powerfuladj.(人,组织,国家)强大的,有影响力的;大功率的,高效能的4.hesitantlyadv.迟疑地;踌躇地5.randomlyadv.(统计)随机地;胡乱地,任意地 6.dizzilyadv.使人眼花地;头昏眼花地7.absentadj.缺勤的,缺席的;心不在焉的,出神的8.specialadj.特殊的,特别的 9.courageousadj.勇敢的,有胆量的10.sneezev.打喷嚏n.打喷嚏,喷嚏声11.complaintn.抱怨,投诉;不满的缘由12.gratituden.感激之情,感谢重点短语dropoff减少;让……下车;睡着forquiteawhile相当长的一段时间;好一会儿长难句分析OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying“freeplay”,Isteppedtothedoorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.译文:一个星期一的早上,当孩子们在享受“自由玩耍”的时候,我走到教室门口休息。【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.C5.A6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。一个小男孩上学去晚了,被关在了门外,小男孩推不开们,于是大冬天的在门外等了很久,直到老师不经意间发现门有动静,才注意到他被关在门外。小男孩坚定地相信老师会给他开门,这种信念让老师一直铭记于心。1.【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:突然,我注意到那扇沉重的木门动了一下。A.caused引起、使发生;B.spotted看见、注意到;C.checked检查、核对;D.imagined想象。根据后面的“amovementoftheheavywoodendoor.”可知,此处表示看到门动了下,spot符合语境。故选B项。2.【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:这正是那扇我小心翼翼地领着孩子们穿过,以确保他们不受严寒侵袭的门。A.hesitantly迟疑地、踌躇地;B.randomly随机地;C.dizzily头晕眼花地;D.carefully小心地、谨慎地。根据后面的“toensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.”可知,要确保孩子们不受严寒侵袭,说明是小心翼翼地领着孩子们通过,carefully符合语境。故选D项。3.【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:是我幼儿园的一个孩子,我以为他那天没来。A.angry生气的、愤怒的;B.absent缺席的、不在的;C.special特殊的、特别的;D.noisy嘈杂的、聒噪的。根据下文的“Hehadbeendroppedoffatschoollateandwas____4____toopenthedoor.”可知,是小男孩来晚了,又开不了门,所以老师以为他没来,此处absent符合语境。故选B项4.【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他很晚才被送到学校,打不开门。A.courageous勇敢的;B.content满足的、满意的;C.unable无法胜任的、不会的;D.unwilling不愿意的。根据上文的“theheavywoodendoor.”和下文的“Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!”可知,门很重,小男孩打不开,所以才在门外等了很久,此处指“打不开门”,unable符合语境。故选C项5.【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他需要时间恢复,我想他第二天不会来上课了。A.recover恢复、康复;B.play玩闹、戏弄;C.change改变;D.wait等待。根据前面的“Hewastreatedforfrostbiteonhishands.”可知,小男孩手冻伤了,所以需要时间恢复,此处recover符合语境。故选A项。6.【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:第二天早上,我那冻伤的小男孩是第一批赶到的人之一。A.settle解决、定居;B.gather聚集、召集;C.arrive到达;D.react反应。根据下文“Notonlydidheruninwithenergy,”可知,小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来,说明是来了学校,故此处指第一批到达学校的人,应用arrive。故选C项7.【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他不仅精力充沛地跑了进来,而且他的笑声还像以前一样响亮!A.sneeze打喷嚏;B.weep哭泣;C.complaint抱怨;D.laughter笑声。根据前面的“Notonlydidheruninwithenergy”可知,小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来,说明身体恢复好了,结合后面的“couldbeheardasloudasever”可知,此处应指“笑声和以前一样响亮”,laughter符合语境。故选D项8.【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我给了他一个温暖的拥抱,告诉他我很高兴见到他。A.lucky幸运的;B.happy开心的、幸福的;C.curious好奇的;D.nervous紧张的、担忧的。根据上文“He’dneedtimeto____5____,andwouldn’tcomeforclassthenextday,Ithought.”可知,作者以为小男孩不会来学校,所以看到小男孩的时候,应该是开心的,happy符合语境。故选B项9.【解析】考查短语辨析。句意:在那个寒冷的周一早晨,他等了很久很久,才等到大人的出现。A.showup露面,出现;B.pullup拔起、停下来;C.holdup举起、阻挡;D.lineup排队。根据上下文语义可知,小男孩在门口等了很久,才等到大人出现给他开门,此处用showup符合语境。故选A项10.【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个五岁的孩子给我上了一堂关于信念的有力的课。A.gratitude感激;B.forgiveness宽恕;C.faith信任、信念;D.kindness善良、仁慈。根据前面“Hedidn’tattempttowalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.”可知,小男孩在门口等了很久,却没有试图回家,说明小男孩有很强的的信念,故此处指老师从小男孩身上学到了一些关于信念的东西,此处指“关于信念的课”,faith符合语境。故选C项第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)A阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate____11____theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.Focusedonbalancingthebags,shedidn’tnoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.AsHelenwalkedon,sheheardamanchargingtowardsher.Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention____12____(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.Eventually,theman____13____(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!语篇解读主旨概要这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。语言知识重点词汇Intentionn.意图,目的,打算重点短语befilledwith被……充满befocusedon集中于长难句分析Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention____12____(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.译文:海伦害怕他可能有伤害她的意图,开始逃跑。【答案】11.in12.toharm13caught【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。11.【解析】考查介词。句意:深夜,海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。intheevening意为“在晚上”,固定搭配。故in。12.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:海伦担心他可能有意伤害她,便开始快跑。分析句子结构,可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式,haveanintentiontodosth.意为“有意向做某事”,固定搭配,不定式作后置定语。故填toharm。13.【解析】考查动词时态。句意:最终,那个男人追上了她,他只是想把她的钱包还给她!结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填caught。B阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasingly____14____(support)byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.It’seasytoexplainhowwedetermine____15____smellsaredangerousornot:welearn.Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionofgasleaks.Gasnaturally____16____(have)norecognisablesmell.However,astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.语篇解读主旨概要这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因,是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的,这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。语言知识重点词汇increasinglyadv.越来越多地,不断增加地preferencen.偏爱,偏好;更喜欢的人(或物)adoptv.收养;采取,采纳,接受leakv.渗入,漏出;漏,渗漏;泄露,透露n.漏洞,裂缝recognisableadj.可辨认的;可认识的重点短语beassociatedwith和…联系在一起;与……有关,与……有关系【答案】14.supported15whether16.has【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因,是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的,这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。14.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知,空格处的动词做非谓语,结合空格后的byexperts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”,所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。15.【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的:我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知,空格前的determine为及物动词,空格后是主+系+表的句子结构,所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的ornot可知,此处考查whether…ornot的搭配。故填whether。16.【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语,本句话是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称,为不可数名词,所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。C阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Sincepeoplecan’talwayseatoutorcookfor____17____(they),theygettakeoutororderdelivery.Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,bottles,andbags,mostof____18____areonlygoodforoneuse.That’sabigproblemanditisgettingeven____19____(bad).Theuseofthoseplastics____20____(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldwon’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.语篇解读主旨概要本文讲述了人们在点外卖的同时,也增加了塑料产品的使用,造成了环境污染。语言知识重点词汇takeoutn.外卖deliveryn.递送,投递;递送物;演讲风格,演说方式;分娩,生产adj.运送的survivev.(经历事故、战争或疾病后)活下来,幸存重点短语begoodfor有益于;对……有好处【答案】17.themselves18.which19.worse20.hasincreased【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了人们在点外卖的同时,也增加了塑料产品的使用,造成了环境污染。1.考查反身代词。句意:因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭,所以他们叫外卖或者叫外卖。空处在句中作介词for的宾语,当主语和宾语为同一物时,宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。2.考查定语从句。句意:这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大多数(东西)只有一种用途。分析可知,mostof______areonlygoodforoneuse在句中为非限制性定语从句;先行词为cups,bottles,andbags,在从句中作介词of的宾语,所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。3.考查比较级。句意:这是个大问题,而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前,所以此处用worse,故填worse。4.考查现在完成时。句意:自从2019年,那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since2019,可知此处用现在完成时。主语Theuseofthoseplastics为单数含义,助动词用has。故填hasincreased。第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APeer(同伴)AssistedStudySessions(PASS)isapeer-facilitatedlearningprogrammeavailabletostudentsenrolled(注册)inmostcoreunitsofstudyinourbusinessschool.PASSinvolvesweeklysessionswhereyouworkingroupstotacklespeciallypreparedproblemsets,basedaroundaunitofstudyyou’reenrolledin.PASSdoesn’tre-teachordelivernewcontent.It’sanopportunitytodeepenyourunderstandingofthekeypointsfromlecturematerialswhileyouareapplyingyourskillstosolveproblems.Youworkinteractivelywithyourpeers.Asapeergroup,youdecidewhatiscoveredineachsession.Thatway,PASSdirectlyrespondstoyourneedsandfeedback.RegistrationinTerm2willopenat9am,21September2022.WaitinglistsIfasessionisfull,youcanregisterforthewaitinglist.Wewillemailyouifaplacebecomesavailableorifanewsessionistobeheld.Whenyouareplacedonawaitinglist,wewillemailyouanumberwhichtellsyouwhereyouareonthelist.Ifyouareclosetothefrontofthelist,youhaveagoodchanceofgainingaplaceintheprogrammeinthenearfuture.DeregisteringIfyoumisstwoPASSsessionsinarow,youwillbederegisteredandyourplacewillbegiventosomeoneonthewaitinglist.Makesureyoufillintheattendancesheetateachsessiontorecordyourattendance.You’llbeinformedbyemailifyouarebeingderegisteredasaresultofmissingsessions.Ifyoubelieveyouhavereceivedtheemailinerror,emailthePASSofficeatpassoffice@..21.InPASS,students________.A.attendnewlectures B.decidetheirownschedulesC.prepareproblemsetsingroups D.usetheirskillstosolveproblems22.Whatcanstudentsdoifasessionisfull?A.Fillintheattendancesheet. B.Signupforthewaitinglist.C.Reporttheirneedsandfeedback. D.Emailtheofficetheirnumbersonthelist.23.Studentswillbederegisteredif________.A.theysendemailsinerror B.theyfailtoworkinteractivelyC.theygivetheirplacestoothers D.theymisstwosessionsinarow语篇解读主旨概要本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了同伴辅助学习课程(PASS)。原文出处.au/students/pass.html语言知识重点词汇availableadj.可用的,可获得的;有空的coren.果核;中心部分;核心involvev.牵涉,涉及;包含sessionn.(某项活动的)一段时间,一场;(议会等的)会议enrollvt.登记;使加入;把……记入名册interactivelyadv.交互式地;互勤地feedbackn.反馈意见registrationn.登记,注册,挂号deregisterv.撤销……的登记attendancen.出席人数;出席,出勤sheetn.床单,被单;布罩,盖布;纸片,纸张informv.通知,告知重点短语respondto响应;回答becloseto接近于……;几乎inarow连续;成一长行asaresult结果inerror错误地长难句分析PASSinvolvesweeklysessionswhereyouworkingroupstotacklespeciallypreparedproblemsets,basedaroundaunitofstudyyou’reenrolledin.PASS包括每周一次的会议,您可以在小组中根据您注册的学习单元解决专门准备的问题集。【答案】21.D22.B23.D【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了同伴辅助学习课程(PASS)。21.【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“It’sanopportunitytodeepenyourunderstandingofthekeypointsfromlecturematerialswhileyouareapplyingyourskillstosolveproblems.(这是一个机会,在你运用技能解决问题的同时,加深你对课堂材料关键点的理解。)”可知,在同伴辅助学习课程中,学生运用技能解决问题。故选D。22.【解析】细节理解题。根据Waitinglists部分“Ifasessionisfull,youcanregisterforthewaitinglist.(如果课程满员,您可以注册等待列表。)”可知,如果某一课程满员,可以注册等待列表。故选B。23.【解析】细节理解题。根据Deregistering部分“IfyoumisstwoPASSsessionsinarow,youwillbederegisteredandyourplacewillbegiventosomeoneonthewaitinglist.(如果您连续错过两次课程,您将被取消注册,你的位置将分配给等待名单上的某个人。)”可知,如果学生连续错过两次课程,将被取消注册。故选D。BMynameisAlice.Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled(削弱)myabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon,constantlystaringatthiswallthatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmetoslowlybuildupmycouragetospeakone-on-onewithhim—anideathathadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswheremystorybegan.Amonthlater,BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Lookingback,Inowseethatthiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandI’verealisedthatmybiggestobstacle(障碍)thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingmethatonephrasethathasstoppedsomanypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:Ican’t.Theysaygoodthingscometothosewhowait;Isay:grabeveryopportunitywitheverythingyouhaveandbeimpatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butouraction.24.WhatwasthemaincauseforAlice’sanxiety?A.Herinabilitytoactherage. B.Herhabitofconsumption.C.Herdesiretobeperfect. D.Herlackofinspiration.25.HowdidGrantBrown’spresentationinfluenceAlice?A.Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature. B.Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.C.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire. D.Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.26.TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore________.A.intelligent B.confident C.innovative D.critical27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Patienceisacureofanxiety.C.Actionisworry’sworstenemy. D.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.语篇解读主旨概要这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。原文出处/how-nature-changed-my-life/语言知识重点词汇anxietyn.焦虑,忧虑;令人焦虑的事constantlyadv.总是,经常地,不断地perfectionistn.完美主义者,追求完美的人tendencyn.经常性行为,偏好;趋势,趋向obviouslyadv.(用于强调)显然,显而易见;明显地consumev.消耗,消费;吃,喝consumptionn.消费,消耗;食用,引用presentationn.(颁奖等)仪式,典礼;授予,颁发conservationistn.(自然环境、野生动植物等)保护主义者emergev.浮现,出现;显露,知悉pre-presentation作品制作前期演示one-on-oneadj.一对一的;直接对立的contactn.联系,联络;接触,触摸timelyadj.及时的,适时的enthusiasticallyadv.热心地,满腔热情地seizev.抓住,捉住;(用武力)夺取,占领applicationn.正式申请,书面申请;申请书,申请表;敷用,涂抹;应用potentialadj.潜在的,可能的n.(事物的)潜力,可能性;grabv.攫取,抓住inabilityn.无能,无力,不能重点短语stareat凝视,盯住makeadifference有影响,有关系aseriesof一系列的;一连串的committo交付,把……投入;把……置于buildup增进;加强长难句分析Lookingback,Inowseethatthiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.回首往事,我现在看到这将是一系列及时机会中的第一个,旧的自我将会放过它,但这个新的、更自信的爱丽丝热情地抓住了。【答案】24.C25.A26.B27.C【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。24.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段“Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源:无论我做什么,我都想做到完美,这在生活中显然是不可能的,但它消耗了我。)”可知,是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选C项。25.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第二段“Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.(一天,我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者GrantBrown的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞,还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望,希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.(在我收到他的邀请后不久,我的高中就收到了加入“YouthforNature”和“YouthforPlane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请,很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知,是GrantBrown让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故选A项。26.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第三段“Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.(我决定完成申请,很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知,Alice加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。27.【解析】推理判断题。由第一段“Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled(削弱)myabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.”(去年年初,我被一种焦虑困扰,它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。)由文章第三段“Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.(我决定完成申请,很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)可知,文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。C“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger?”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutritionbecauseitrequiresconsideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredandconsumed,andlookingathowthosethingsintersect(交叉)withhumanhealth,theenvironment,economicsandsociety.Accordingtosystemsthinking,changingthefoodsystem—oranyothernetwork—requiresthreethingstohappen.First,researchersneedtoidentifyalltheplayersinthatsystem;second,theymustworkouthowtheyrelatetoeachother;andthird,theyneedtounderstandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseoutsidethesystem.Takenutrition.InthelatestUNreportonglobalfoodsecurity,thenumberofundernourished(营养不良)peopleintheworldhasbeenrising,despitegreatadvancesinnutritionscience.Trackingof150biochemicalsinfoodhasbeenimportantinrevealingtherelationshipsbetweencalories,sugar,fatandtheoccurrenceofcommondiseases.Butusingmachinelearningandartificialintelligence,somescientistsproposethathumandietsconsistofatleast26,000biochemicals—andthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.Thisshowsthatwehavesomewaytotravelbeforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinking-which,inthisexample,istoidentifymoreconstituentpartsofthenutritionsystem.Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthesystemhasequalpower.Butassomeresearchersfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalone.Agoodwaytoredress(修正)suchpowerimbalanceisformoreuniversitiestodowhatCrystaldidandteachstudentshowtothinkusingasystemsapproach.Moreresearchers,policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearntolookbeyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibilityandadoptasystemsapproach.Crystalknewthatvisionsalonedon’tproduceresults,butconcludedthat“we’llneverproduceresultsthatwecan’tenvision”.28.TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph1to________.A.illustrateanargument B.highlightanopinionC.introducethetopic D.predicttheending29.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefieldofnutrition?A.Thefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkinghasn’tbeenachieved.B.Therelationshipsamongplayershavebeenclarified.C.Machinelearningcansolvethenutritionproblem.D.Theimpactofnutritioncannotbequantified.30.Asforsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Itmaybeusedtojustifypowerimbalance.B.Itcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.C.Ithelpstoprovewhyhungerexists.D.Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.语篇解读主旨概要这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维。原文出处/articles/d41586-020-00086-5百科知识系统思维是原则性与灵活性有机结合的基本思维方式。只有系统思维,才能抓住整体,抓住要害,才能不失原则地采取灵活有效的方法处置事务。客观事物是多方面相互联系、发展变化的有机整体。系统思维就是人们运用系统观点,把对象的互相联系的各个方面及其结构和功能进行系统认识的一种思维方法。整体性原则是系统思维方式的核心。这一原则要求人们无论干什么事都要立足整体,从整体与部分、整体与环境的相互作用过程来认识和把握整体。领导者思考和处理问题的时候,必须从整体出发,把着眼点放在全局上,注重整体效益和整体结果。只要合于整体、全局的利益,就可以充分利用灵活的方法来处置。语言知识重点词汇approachv.靠近,临近;接洽,交谈;对付,处理;近似,接近于essentialadj.必不可少的,非常重要的;基本的n.必不可少的东西,必需品;要素crucialadj.至关重要的,决定性的achievev.(经努力)达到,取得,实现;获得成功targetn.目标,指标nutritionn.营养,滋养;营养学;食物,营养物requirev.需要;要求做(某事),规定processv.(用化学物品或机器)处理,加工economicsn.经济学;经济情况;经济体制identifyv.认出,识别;查明,确认;发现quantifyv.测定……的数量,用数量表示impactn.撞击,冲击力;巨大影响,强大作用v.冲击,撞击;(对……)产生影响despiteprep.尽管,即使trackn.小道,小径;踪迹,足迹,车辙biochemicaladj.生物化学的n.生物化学物质revealv.揭示,透露;表明,证明calorien.卡(路里)(热量单位)occurrencen.发生的事,事件;发生,出现proposev.提议,建议majorityn.大多数;<英>多数票;成年的法定年龄;多数党;adj.多数人的objectiven.目的;目标constituentn.成分assumptionn.假定;设想;担任;采取imbalancen.不平衡;不安定policymakern.政策制定者;决策人representativeadj.典型的,有代表性的n.代表;典型;众议员;销售代表;visionn.视力;眼力;幻象;美景;想象力concludevt.结束;推断;决定,作结论envisionvt.想像,展望illustratevt.给…加插图说明,阐明;表明justifyvt.证明…有理;为…辩护tacklevt.解决;应付重点短语consistof由...组成accordingtoprep.按照,取决于长难句分析Thisshowsthatwehavesomewaytotravelbeforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinking-which,inthisexample,istoidentifymoreconstituentpartsofthenutritionsystem.这表明,在实现系统思考的第一个目标之前,我们还有一段路要走——在这个例子中,就是识别营养系统的更多组成部分。【答案】28.C29.A30.B【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维。28.【解析】推理判断题。由文章第一段““Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger?”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.(“如果没有饥饿,世界会是什么样子?”这是Crystal教授会问学生的问题。她后来写道,他们发现很难回答这个问题,因为想象一些不属于现实生活的东西,并学习如何将其变成现实是一项罕见的技能。它被教授给艺术家和工程师,但很少教授给科学家。Crystal着手改变这种状况,并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果,一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知,文章开头提出问题是为了引出话题-系统思维的方法被视为应对全球挑战的关键。故选C项。29.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第三段“Thisshowsthatwehavesomewaytotravelbeforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinking-which,inthisexample,istoidentifymoreconstituentpartsofthenutritionsystem.(这表明,在实现系统思考的第一个目标之前,我们还有一段路要走——在本例中,这是为了确定营养系统的更多组成部分。)”可知,实现系统思维的第一个目标还有一段路需要走,现尚未实现。故选A项。30.【解析】推理判断题。由文章第一段“Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.(Crystal着手改变这种状况,并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果,一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知,作者认为该系统能应用于解决挑战。故选B项。DQuantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.31.RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A.sympathetic B.unconcerned C.doubtful D.excited32.WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A.Hisdominanceinphysics. B.Thecompetitioninthefield.C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum. D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open. B.Cool. C.Useful. D.Resistant.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?语篇解读主旨概要这是一篇记叙文。一个小男孩上学去晚了,被关在了门外,小男孩推不开们,于是大冬天的在门外等了很久,直到老师不经意间发现门有动静,才注意到他被关在门外。小男孩坚定地相信老师会给他开门,这种信念让老师一直铭记于心。原文出处/article/will-quantum-computing-ever-live-up-to-its-hype/百科知识Quantumcomputer量子计算量子计算是一种遵循量子力学规律调控量子信息单元进行计算的新型计算模式。对照于传统的通用计算机,其理论模型是通用图灵机;通用的量子计算机,其理论模型是用量子力学规律重新诠释的通用图灵机。从可计算的问题来看,量子计算机只能解决传统计算机所能解决的问题,但是从计算的效率上,由于量子力学叠加性的存在,某些已知的量子算法在处理问题时速度要快于传统的通用计算机。语言知识重点词汇labora

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