2023年自考专业英语英语阅读一专家预测过关卷2

自考专业(英语)英语阅读（一）专家预测过关卷2

一、CAREFULREADING

1、QueenElizabethIIspronunciationofEnglishhasbeeninfectedbyhersubjects.Aussiescientistssay.

PhoneticistsfromSydneysMacquarieUniversitystudiedarchiverecordingsoftheQueensannualChristmasmessagetotheCommonwealthfromthe1950sto1980s,analyzingherMajestystowels.TheythencomparedthosevowelswiththestandardaccentofsouthernEngland,asusedbyfemaleBritishbroadcastersontheBBCinthe1980s,toseehowtheroyalaccenthadchanged.Theirconclusion:thecut-glassspeechoftheearlyyearsoftheQueensreignhasbecome—howshallwesay—somewhatcommonerovertheyears.

ThatinitselfsubtlymirrorsthechangesisBritain,fromacountrywitharigidsocialhierarchyfourdecadesagotoonewhereclassdifferenceshaveblurredandinsomeareasdisappeared.

TheQueenspronunciationofsomevowelshasbeeninfluencedbythestandardsouthern-Britishaccentofthe1980swhichismoretypicallyassociatedwithspeakerswhoareyoungerandlowerinthesocialhierarchy,theresearcherssay.

StandardspeechinsouthernEnglandhasbeeninfluencedbyCockneys,whoseaccentwasinitiatedbyDickVanDykeintheWaltDisneymovieMaryPoppins.PuristswillbereassuredthattheQueensHice(house)ofWindsorwillnotbecometheOuseofWindsor(bydroppingtheh)intheforeseeablefuture.However,therehavebeenchangesin.10outofthe11vowelsoundsinthestandardEnglish.

ThesechangesbringherspeechclosertothatofherCockneysubjects,theresearchersfound.Anexampleofthisisthewayinwhichshepronounceshad.Inthe1950s,theroyalpronunciationofthiswordalmostrhymedwithbed.But30yearslater,ithadmigratedhalfwaytothestandardsouthernEnglishpronunciation,whichrhymeshadwithbad.TheAustralianteamsaythepronunciationofalllanguagesalterssubtlyovertime,mainlybecauseofinfluencefromtheyoung,anditisfoolishforanyonetotrytopreventchange.Thechancesofsocietiesandacademiessuccessfullypreservingaparticularform.ofpronunciationagainsttheinfluenceofcommunityandsocialchangesareunlikely,theysay.TheresearchwaspublishedDecember21inNature,theBritishscienceweekly.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?()

A.ThepronunciationofalllanguageschangesSubtlyovertime.

B.Itisnotalwayseasytopreserveaparticularformofpronunciation.

C.TheQueen'sEnglishhasbecomecommoner.

D.Classdifferenceshaveblurredandevendisappeared.

2、WhodidtheresearchintotheQueen'spronunciation?()

A．AnAustralianresearchgroup.

B．PhoneticiansfromaBritishUniversity.

C．ABritishscienceweekly.

D．TheBBCbroadcasters.

3、TheQueen'spronunciationofSomevowelshasbeeninfluencedby()

A．femaleBritishbroadcastersontheBBCinthe1980s

B．thesocialchangesinBritaininthe1980s

C．thestandardspeechinsouthernEngland

D．hersubjectsintheCommonwealthcountries

4、BysayingthatthechangeintheQueen'sEnglishmirrorsthesocialchangesinBritain,thewritermeans.()

A．therigidsocialhierarchy40yearsagohascollapsed

B．theQueen'saccenthasbeeninfluencedbythelowerclass

C．theQueen'saccentisassociatedwiththeyoungerspeakers

D．thesocialdifferencesinBritainarenolongerasdistinctasbefore

5、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotstated?()

A．TheresearchersanalyzedtheQueen'svowelstoseehowtheroyalaccenthadchanged.

B．TheresearchersfoundthattheQueen'saccentisclosertothatofherCockneysubjects.

C．Itisunlikelytopreserveaparticularaccentagainstsocialchangesandinfluenceofcommunity.

D．ThechangeinthepronunciationofaparticularlanguageiscloselyassociatedwiththeRoyalspeech.

6、WhotakescareoftheelderlyintheUnitedStatestoday?Thefactisthatfamilymembersprovideover80%ofthecarethatelderlypeopleneed.Inmostcasestheelderlyliveintheirownhomes,averysmallpercentageofAmericaselderlyliveinnursinghomes.

SamuelPreston,asociologistattheUniversityofPennsylvania,studiedhowtheAmericanfamilyischanging.HereportedthatbythetimetheaverageAmericancouplereachesabout40yearsofage,theirparentsareusuallystillalive.ThestatisticsshowthechangeinlifestylesandresponsibilitiesofagingAmericans.Theaveragemiddle-agedcouplecanlookforwardtocaringforelderlyparentssometimeaftertheirownchildrenhavegrownup.Moreover,becausepeopletodaylivelongerafteranillnessthanpeopledidyearsago,familymembersmustprovidelongtermcare.Thesefactsalsomeanthataftercaregiversprovidefortheirelderlyparents,whowilleventuallydie,theywillbeoldandmayrequirecaretoo.Whentheydo,theirspouses(配偶)willprobablytakecareofthembecausetheyhavehadfewerchildrenthantheirparentsdid.

BecauseAmericansarelivinglongerthanever,moresocialworkershavebeguntostudywaysofcaregivingtoimprovethecareoftheelderly.Theyhavefoundthatallcaregiversshareacommoncharacteristic:Theybelievethattheyarethebestpeopleforthejob.Thesocialworkershavealsodiscoveredthreebasicreasonswhythecaregiverstakeontheresponsibilityofcaringforanelderly,dependentrelative.Manycaregiversbelievetheyhadanobligation(职责)tohelptheirrelatives.Somethinkthathelpingothersmakesthemfeelmoreuseful.Othershopethatbyhelpingsomeonenow,theywilldeservecarewhentheybecomeoldanddependent.SamuelPrestonsstudyshowsthat______.()

A.lifestylesandresponsibilitiesoftheelderlyarenotchanging

B.mostAmericancouplesover40havenolivingparents

C.middleagedAmericanshavetotakecareoftheirchildrenandparentsatthesametime

D.elderlypeoplemayneedcareforalongtimebecausetheylivelongerafteranillness

7、Whowillmostprobablytakecareofthemiddle-agedAmericanswhentheyneedcarethemselves?()

A．Theythemselves.

B．Theirclosefriends.

C．Theirchildren.

D．Theirhusbandsorwives.

8、Allcaregiversbelievethattheycan______.()

A．carefortheirelderlyparentsbetterthananyotherpeople

B．keepclosertotheiroldparentsbythismeans

C．domuchbetteriftheyhaveajobassocialworkers

D．improvethecareoftheelderlywiththehelpofthesocialworkers

9、Whichofthefollowingisnotareasonwhypeoplelookaftertheirrelatives?()

A．Theyfeeltheyareofusetootherpeople.

B．Theywanttosetanexampletotheirchildren.

C．Theythinkitistheirdutytohelptheirrelatives.

D．Theyhopetheydeservecarewhentheyneedit.

10、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?()

A．Mostoldpeoplelivelongertodayafteranillnessthanpeopledidyearsage.

B．Manyoldpeopleareputintonursinghomesbytheirfamilies,whodonotvisitthemregularly.

C．Mostelderlypeoplearetakencareofbytheirfamilies,whoassumetheresponsibilityfordifferentreasons.

D．Mostelderlypeoplearesatisfiedwiththebetterwaysofcaregivingthatsocialworkershavecomeupwith.

11、OneofthemajorcausesoftheprevalentanxietyaboutthefutureofthefamilyisrootednotsomuchinactualityasinthetensionbetweenidealizedexpectationsforthefamilyinAmericancultureandtherealityitself.Nostalgiaforalostnonexistentfamilytraditionhasprejudicedourunderstandingofthechangesthatfamiliesareexperiencingincontemporarysociety.Furthermore,thecurrentanxietyoverthefamily'sfatereflectsnotmerelyproblemsinthefamilyitself,butavarietyofothersocialproblemsthatareeventuallyprojectedonthefamily.TherealproblemsthattheAmericanfamilyisfacingtodayarenotsymptomsofbreakdown,asisoftensuggested.Rathertheyreflectthedifficultiesthatthefamilyfacesinitsadaptationtorecentsocialchanges,particularlyinthelossoftheflexibilityinhouseholdmembershipthatthefamilyhadinthepast,thereductionofthevarietyofitsfunctions,andtosomeextenttheweakeningofitsadaptability.CurrentanxietiesalsoreflectthedifficultiesthatAmericansocietyhasbeenexperiencinginacceptingagreatdiversityinfamilylifeandalternativefamilyforms.Theidealizationofthefamilyasarefugefromtheoutsideworldhaslesseneditsabilitytocopewithdiversity.Thecontinuousemphasisonthefamilyasauniversalprivateretreatandasanemotionalhaven(安眠所)ismisguidedinlightofourknowledgeofthepast.EarlyAmericanfamiliesfulfilledabroadarrayoffunctionsthatwentbeyonditsmorerestrictedemotionalfunctionsinthepresent.Mostofthefamily'srolesinthepastwereintertwinedwithlargercommunity.Ratherthanbeingthecustodian(管理人)ofprivacy,thefamilyprepareditsmembersforinteractionwiththelargersociety.Familyrelationshipswerevaluednotmerelyfortheiremotionalcontentbutforawiderangeofservicesandcontributionstothecollectivefamilyunit.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.()

A．lotsofpeopleareworriedaboutthefutureoffamily

B．people'sanxietyaboutthefutureoffamilyisbasedonfacts

C．thebreakdownofmodemfamilyisarealitywehavetoaccept

D．ourunderstandingofthechangesinfamiliesiscorrect

12、Accordingtothepassage,familytradition______.()

A．existedinthepastbuthasnowlost

B．hasneveractuallyexisted

C．willbelostinthefuture

D．hasbeenatraditioninAmerica

13、TheproblemstheAmericanfamilyfacesreflectallthefollowingEXCEPT______.()

A．lackofflexibility

B．decreaseoffunctions

C．nostalgiacausedbyanxiety

D．weakeningofadaptability

14、Accordingtotheauthor,oneofpeople'smisunderstandingsoffamilyisthat______.()

A．theproblemsoffamilyalsoreflectsocialproblems

B．Americanfamilylifeshouldbeasdiverseasitusedtobe

C．Americanfamilyformisnolongerasalternativeasitwas

D．familyisregardedasaprivateretreatandanemotionalhaven

15、Accordingtothepassage,earlyAmericanfamiliesweremore______.()

A．isolatedthanmodernfamiliesaretoday

B．privatethanmodernfamiliesarenow

C．closelyconnectedwithcommunitythanmodernfamiliesare

D．emotionallyorientedthanmodernfamiliesare

二、SPEEDREADING

1、Thecrewofaclippershiphadtoworktogethersmoothlytokeeptheshipsailing.Tohelp,theysangworksongscalledseachanteys.

Thechanteymansangouttheverses.Theysettherhythmfortheworktobedone.Thechanteymanmadeuphisownlines,andthemenjoinedinthechorus.Thesongswereaboutsailing,fishing,love,war,anythingandeverything.Themenheavedorpulledtheropesonthebeatofthechorus.

Differentrhythmswerenecessaryfordifferentshipboardjobs.Therewereslowcapstanchanteyssungwhileturningthecapstan,alargewheelondeckusedtopulluptheanchor.Therewerehalyardchanteyssungwhilepullingupthesails.Pumpingchanteysweresung,whenthesailorsmannedthepumpsamidships,andshort-haulchanteysweresungforanyjobthatrequiredquick,sharppulls.Sailingaclippershipcalledfor______.()

A.agreatmanysongsfromthesailors

B.smoothactionbythecrew

C.teamworkonmanyjobs

D.bothBandC

2、Theunderlined"chorus"impliesthat______.()

A．man,nomatterwhoheis,shouldworkwiththespiritofteamwork

B．whateverwearedoing,wecansingasongtogether

C．onlythecrewofaclippershipneedtosingachoruswhentheyareworking

D．chorusisawayofentertainmentforsailorstorelaxthemselves

3、Therhythmsofthechanteysvariedbecause______.()

A．differentjobsrequireddifferentrhythms

B．somechanteymensangindifferentrhythms

C．sailorsworkedatdifferentspeeds

D．somejobsrequiredtheworkofmanysailors

4、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?()

A．Whenturningthecapstan,mensangslowcapstanchanteys.

B．Whenpullingupthesails,pumpingchanteysweresung.

C．Whenthesailorsmannedthepumpsamidships,theysanghalyardchanteys.

D．Sailorsneversanganychanteywhentheywereworking.

5、Sailorsworkingwithsharp,quickpullswouldprobablyhavesunga______.()

A．slowcapstanchantey

B．halyardchantey

C．short-haulchantey

D．pumpingchantey

6、Thegreatpoweroftornadoesisalmostunbelievable.Thespeedofthiswhirlingfunnelshapedwindmaybemorethan500milesperhour.Itcantearuptrees,carrybuildingsaway,andcanevenliftlargetrucksoffthehighway.Thetornadoislikeagiantvacuumsweeperthatsucksupanythinginitspath.Expertsbelievethatthemostviolentforceofatornadoisfoundinsidethefunnel,whereavacuumiscreatedbecauseofverylowairpressure.Whenthisvacuummovesoverabuildingwhichisfilledwithairundernormalpressure,thedifferencebetweentheairpressureinsidethebuildingandthatoutsidecausesthebuildingtoexplode.Thelargesttornadoonrecordhadafunnelamilewide.

TherearemanyinterestingstoriesaboutthestrangethingsthattornadoeshavedoneintheU.S.Commonwheatstrawhasbeendrivenseveralinchesintopostsandtrees.Buildingshavebeenturnedcompletelyaroundontheirfoundationsandhaveremainedintact.Peopleandanimalshavebeencarriedhundredsoffeet,oftensufferingnophysicalharm.Feathershavebeenremovedfromchickens.Cars,trucks,andevenwholefreighttrainshavebeencarriedaway.

Atornadodoesnotlastlong,about20to30minutesontheaverage.Usuallyitdestroysanareaabout16mileslongandthegreatdamagethatitdoesinoneplacelastonly