2023年考研外语冲刺密卷13

考研外语冲刺密卷13

一、UseofEnglish

1、SometimebetweendigestingChristmasdinnerandputtingyourheadbackdowntowork,spareathoughtortwoforthecranberry.Itis,ofcourse,a(1)_____ofChristmas:merrybrightred,bitter-sweetlydeliciouswithturkeyandtheverydeviltogetoutofthetablecloth(2)_____spilled.Butthecranberryisalsoasymbolofthemodernfoodindustry-andinthetaleofits(3)_____fromcolonialcuriositytobusiness-schoolcasestudy(4)_____adeeperunderstandingoftheopportunitiesand(5)_____ofmoderneating.

Thefastestgrowingpartoftoday'scranberrymarketisforcranberriesthatdonottastelikecranberries.OceanSpray's"flavouredfruitpieces"(FFPS,tothetrade)tastelikeorange,cherry,raspberryorany(6)_____ofotherfruits.Theyareinfactcranberries.Whymakeacranberrytastelikeanorange?Mostlybecauseitisa(7)_____littlefruit:FFPShaveashelf-lifeoftwoyears.Better(8)_____,theykeepachewytexture(9)_____baked,unlikethefruitswhoseflavourstheymimic,whichturnto(10)_____.

Thedynamicthathasbroughtthecranberrytothispointis(11)_____tothedynamicbehindmostmass-producedgoods.Growing(12)_____providedthe(13)_____tocreatecheaperandmorereliablesupply.Cheaperandmorereliablesupply,(14)_____,createdincentivestofindnewmarkets,whichincreaseddemand.Thuswasthe(15)_____keptchurning.

Thecranberryisoneofonlythreefruitsnative(16)_____NorthAmerica,growingwildfromMainetoNorthCarolina.(TheothersaretheConcordgrapeandtheblueberry).TheAmericanIndianshadseveralnamesforcranberries,many(17)_____thewordsfor"bitter"or,more(18)_____,"noisy".Theyatetheberriesmostly(19)_____pemmican,butalsousedthemfordyeandmedicine.Andtheyintroducedthemtothewhitesettlers—atthefirstThanksgivingdinnerin1621,itissaid.Thesettlerspromptlyrenamedthisdelicacythe"craneberry",(20)_____thepointypinkblossomsofthecranberrylookabitliketheheadoftheSandhillcrane.

A.sign

B.trail

C.symbol

D.mark

2、(2)

A.while

B.ifonly

C.longbefore

D.if

3、(3)

A.progress

B.proposition

C.prophet

D.proportion

4、(4)

A.obtain

B.mould

C.assimilate

D.lies

5、(5)

A.dilemmas

B.remedy

C.ingredient

D.remains

6、(6)

A.member

B.number

C.kind

D.flavor

7、(7)

A.delicious

B.dubious

C.durable

D.deliberate

8、(8)

A.off

B.than

C.itself

D.still

9、(9)

A.when

B.whether

C.albeit

D.whereas

10、(10)

A.mercury

B.mush

C.muscle

D.mess

11、(11)

A.similar

B.feasible

C.inferior

D.incredible

12、(12)

A.command

B.yield

C.demand

D.quantity

13、(13)

A.immensity

B.inadequacy

C.immunity

D.incentive

14、(14)

A.ateveryturn

B.inturn

C.toaturn

D.byturns

15、(15)

A.cycle

B.miracle

C.mission

D.carnival

16、(16)

A.from

B.to

C.off

D.beyond

17、(17)

A.qualifying

B.incorporating

C.denoting

D.coining

18、(18)

A.intrinsically

B.marginally

C.intuitively

D.mysteriously

19、(19)

A.in

B.for

C.by

D.through

20、(20)

A.although

B.onlyif

C.because

D.asthough

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

MenorcaorMajorca?Itisthattimeoftheyearagain.Thebrochuresarepilingupintravelagentswhilenewspapersandmagazinesbulgewithadviceaboutwheretogo.Butthetraditionalpackagedholiday,aBritishinnovationthatprovidedmanytimidnativeswiththeirfirstexperienceofwarmsand,isnotwhatitwas.Indeed,theindustryisanxiouslyawaitingaHighCourtrulingtofindoutexactlywhatitnowis.

TwothingshavechangedthewayBritonsresearchandbooktheirholidays:low-costairlinesandtheinternet.Insteadofbuyingareadymadepackageconsistingofaflight,hotel,carhireandassortedentertainmentfromatouroperator'sbrochure,itisnoweasytoputtogetheratripusinganonlinetravelagentlikeExpediaorTravelocity,whichlastJulyboughtLfor￡577m($1billion),orfromtheproliferatingwebsitesofairlines,hotelsandcar-rentalfirms.

Thishasledsometosoundthedeathknellforhighstreettravelagentsandtouroperators.Therehavebeenupheavalsandclosures,butthetraditionalfirmsarestartingtofightback,inpartbymovingmoreoftheirbusinessonline.FirstChoiceHolidays,forinstance,sawitspretaxprofitriseby16%to￡114m($196m)intheyeartotheendofOctober.Althoughtheoverallnumberofholidaysbookedhasfallen,thecompanyisconcentratingonmorevaluablelong-haulandadventuretrips.FirstChoicenowsellsmorethanhalfitstripsdirectly,eitherviatheinternet,overthetelephoneorfromitsowntravelshops.Itwantsthattoreach75%withinafewyears.

Othertouroperatorsareshowingsimilarhustle.MyTravelmanagedtocutitslossbyalmosthalfin2022.ThomasCookandThomsonHolidays,nowbothGermanowned,arealsobullishaboutthecomingholidayseason.Highstreettravelagentsarehavingatoughertime,though,notleastbecausemanyleadingtouroperationshavecutthecommissionstheypay.

Somehigh-streettravelagentsarealsolearningtolivewiththeinternet,helpingpeoplebookcomplicatedtripsthattheyhaveresearchedonline,providingadviceandtackingonotherservices:Thisisseenasagrowtharea.Butifanagentputstogetherseparateflightsandhotelaccommodation,isthatapackage,too?

TheCivilAviationAuthority(CAA)saysitisandtheagentshouldholdanAirTravelOrganisersLicence,whichprovidesfinancialguaranteestorepatriatepeopleandproviderefunds.Theschemedatesfromtheearly1970s,whensomelargeBritishtravelfirmswentbust,strandingcustomersontheCostas.Althoughsuchfailuresarelesscommonthesedays,theCAAhadtohelpoutsome30,000peoplelastyear.TheAssociationofBritishTravelAgentswenttotheHighCourtinNovembertoarguesuchbookingsarenottraditionalpackagesandsodonotrequireagentstoacquirethecostlylicences.Whilethecourtdecides,millionsofBritonswillhappilyclickawaybuyingonlineholidays,unawareofthedifference.

Basedonthefirstparagraph,thebesttitleofthetextcouldbe______.

A.Anannualholiday

B.AHighCourtruling

C.Anewpackage

D.ABritishinnovation

2、

Accordingtothetext,theshiftinthemethodofholidaybookinginUKisassociatedwith______.

A.thepopularityofelectronics

B.thecostlylicences

C.carrentalfirms

D.thetraditionalideology

3、

Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Toputtogetheratripusingatraditionaltravelagentisnothardatpresent.

B.Tosoundthedeathknellfortouroperatorisunacceptableandinhumane.

C.Somehigh-streettravelagentsdefythemodelofsurvivingwiththeinternet.

D.Traditionaltourfirmsgrapplewiththeinternet.

4、

Theword"hustle"inthetopicsentenceofthefourthparagraphmostprobablydenotes______.

A.demand

B.hostility

C.sale

D.prejudice

5、

Accordingtothefirstandlastparagraphs,whichofthefollowingisstillinsuspense?

A.Alegaldefinition,

B.Acongestioncharge.

C.Financialguarantee.

D.Anadventuretrip.

6、Theymaynotbetherichest,butAfricansremaintheworld'sstaunchestoptimists.AnannualsurveybyGallupInternational,aresearchoutfit,showsthat,whenaskedwhetherthisyearwillbebetterthanlast,Africaonceagaincomesoutontop.Outof52,000peopleinterviewedallovertheworld,underhalfbelievethatthingsarelookingup.ButinAfricatheproportioniscloseto60%almosttwiceasmuchasinEurope.

Africanshavesomereasonstobecheerful.Thecontinent'seconomyhasbeendoingfairlywellwithSouthAfrica,theeconomicpowerhouse,growingsteadilyoverthepastfewyears.SomeofAfrica'slong-runningconflicts,suchasthewarbetweenthenorthandsouthinSudanandthecivilwarinCongo,haveended.Africaevenhasitsfirstelectedfemaleheadofstate,inLiberia.

Yetthereisnoshortageofdownerstoo.MostofAfricaremainsdirtpoor.CrisesinplaceslikeCoted'Ivoire,SierraLeoneandZimbabwearefarfromsolved.AndthedemocraticcredentialsofEthiopiaandUganda,oncethedarlingsofwesterndonors,havetakenabadknock.AIDSkilledovergmAfricansin2022,andwillkillmorethisyear.

Soisitalljustacaseofirrationalexuberance?MerilJamesofGalluparguesthatthereis,infact,usuallyverylittlerelationbetweenthesurvey'soptimismrankingsandreality.Africans,thisyearledbyNigerians,areconsistentlythemostupbeat,whethertheirlotgetsbetterornot.Ontheotherhand,Greece—hardlytheworstplaceonearth—topsthegloomanddoomchart,followedcloselybyPortugalandFrance.

MsJamesspeculatesthatreligionmayhavealottodowithit.NineoutoftenAfricansarereligious,thehighestproportionintheworld.ButcynicsarguethatmostAfricansbelievethat2022willbegoldenbecausethingshavebeensobadthatitishardtoimaginehowtheycouldpossiblygetworse.Thismayhelpexplainwhyplacesthathavesufferedrecentmisfortunes,suchasKosovoandAfghanistan,rankamongthetopfiveoptimists.MoussakaforthoughtforthosedepressedGreeks.

Thestatisticsareemployedinthefirstparagraphsoastoindicatesortof______.

A.disparity

B.numbness

C.conformity

D.stagnation

7、

ItcanbeinferredfromthefourparagraphofthetextthatAfricanoptimismis______.

A.detrimental

B.fragile

C.transient

D.constant

8、

TheconclusionmadebyMsJames,accordingtothetext,is______.

A.tentative

B.immutable

C.impeccable

D.moderate

9、

ThetoneoftheauthorindiscussingAfricanstatuscanbedefinedasbeing______.

A.radical

B.impartial

C.hesitant

D.self-centered

10、

Franceismentionedinthetextwiththeaimto______.

A.contrastNigeriansandFrench

B.defendMerilJamesremarks

C.attachimportancetothegloom-and-doomchart

D.refuteMsJamesconceptofreligion

11、"Thisisareallyexcitingtime,aneweraisstarting,"saysPeterBazalgette,thechiefcreativeofficerofEndemol,thetelevisioncompanybehind"BigBrother"andotherpopularshows.Heisreferringtotheupsurgeofinterestinmobiletelevision,anascentindustryattheintersectionoftelecomsandmediawhichoffersnewopportunitiestodevicemakers,contentproducersandmobile-networkoperators.Andheisfarfromaloneinhisenthusiasm.

Already,manymobileoperatorsofferaselectionoftelevisionchannelsorindividualshows,whichare"streamed"acrosstheirthird-generation(3G)networks.InSouthKorea,televisionisalsosenttomobilephonesviasatelliteandterrestrialbroadcastnetworks,whichisfarmoreefficientthansendingvideoacrossmobilenetworks;similarbroadcastswillbegininJapaninApril.InEurope,theItalianarmof3,amobileoperator,recentlyacquiredCanale7,atelevisionchannel,withaviewtolaunchingmobile-TVbroadcastsinItalyinthesecondhalfof2022.Similarmobile-TVnetworkswillalsobebuiltinFinlandandAmerica,andarebeingtestedinmanyothercountries.

Meanwhile,AppleComputer,whichlaunchedavideo-capableversionofitsiPodportablemusic-playerinOctober,isstrikingdealswithtelevisionnetworkstoexpandtherangeofshowsthatcanbepurchasedforviewingonthedevice,including"Lost","DesperateHousewives"and"Law＆Order".TiVo,makerofthepioneeringpersonalvideorecorder(PVR),saysitplanstoenablesubscriberstodownloadrecordedshowsontoiPodsandotherportabledevicesforviewingonthemove.AndmobileTVwasoneofthebigtrendsattheworld'slargesttechnologyfair,theConsumerElectronicsShow,whichtookplaceinLasVegasthisweek.

Despiteallthisactivity,however,theprospectsformobileTVareunclear.Forastart,nobodyreallyknowsifconsumerswillpayforit,thoughsurveyssuggesttheyliketheidea.Informa,aconsultancy,saystherewillbe125mmobile-TVusersby2022.Butmanyothermobiletechnologiesinspiredhighhopesandthenfailedtoliveuptoexpectations.AndevenifpeopledowantTVonthemove,thereisfurtheruncertaintyinthreeareas:technology,businessmodelsandthecontentitself.

Theword"nascent"inthefirstparagraphofthetextmostprobablymeans______.

A.distinctive

B.statutory

C.naive

D.emerging

12、

Paragraph2iswrittento______.

A.indicatethetestofmobile-TVnetworks

B.illustratethewidespreadinterestsinmobileTV

C.stresstheselectiono[televisionchannels

D.assessthethird-generation(3G)networks

13、

Accordingtothetext,substantialworkinmobile-TVnetworkshasbeenconductedin______.

A.anorientalnation

B.USA

C.anEuropeannation

D.Japan

14、

Theword"device"inthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphdenotes______.

A.asatelliteandterrestrialbroadcast

B.avideo-capableversionofAppleiPodportablemusic-player

C.anindividualshowwhichis"streamed"acrossa3Gnetwork

D.apioneerpersonalvideorecorder

15、

Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphofthetextthat______.

A.mobileTViscoming—buthowthemarketwilldevelopisstillunclear

B.consumersfavormobileTViftheyneednotpayforit

C.fewmobiletechnologiesfailedtoliveuptoexpectations

D.thethreeuncertaintiesre{erredtoattheendofthetextarehopefullyovercomeinnotime

16、Thelast-minutevictoryoftheTexasLonghornsinthisyear'sRoseBowl—America'scollegefootballchampionship—wasthekindofthingthatstayswithfansforever.Justaswell,becausemanyhadpaidvastsumstoseethegame.RoseBowlticketsofficiallysoldfor$175each.Ontheinternet,resellerswerehawkingthemforasmuchas$3,000apop."Nobodyknowshowtocontrol[this],"observedMitchDorger,thetournament'schiefexecutive.

Re-sellingticketsforaprofit,knownlesspolitelyasscalpinginAmericaortoutinginBritain,isbooming.InAmericaalone,the"secondarymarket"forticketstosought-aftereventsisworthover$10billion,reckonsJeffreyFluhr,thebossofStubHub,anonlineticketmarket.Scalpingusedtobeaboutburlymenlurkingoutsidestadiumswithfistfulsoftickets.Criesof"Ticketshere,ticketshere"stillringoutbeforekickoff.Buttheinternethascreatedalargerandmoreefficientmarket.Someinternet-basedticketagencies,suchastickco,comanddynamiteticketz,comactastraditionalscalpers,buyingupticketsandsellingthemonforasubstantialmark-up.ButotherslikeStubHubhaveanewbusinessmode—bringtogetherbuyersandsellers,andthentakeacut.Foreachtransaction,StubHubtakesajuicy25%.

Despiteitssubstantialcommission—farhigherthanthosechargedbyotheronlineintermediariesincludingeBayorCraigslist—StubHubisflourishing.Thefirmwassetupin2000andthisyear'sRoseBowlwasitsbiggesteventever.TheSuperBowlinearlyFebruarywillbringanothernicehaul,ashaveU2andRollingStonesconcerts.UnlikeeBay,whichisthelargestonlinetraderintickets,StubHubguaranteeseachtransaction,sobuyersneednotworryaboutfraud.Thecompany'srevenues,nowaround$200m,aretriplingannually(despiteitsstartinthedotcombust).Andthereisplentymoreroomtogrow.Mr.Fluhrnotesthatthemarketremains"highlyfragmented",withtinyoperationsstillflourishingandnewspaperclassifiedsnotyetdead.

Buttherearerisks.Someeventsareboostingpricestocuttheresalemargins;othersareusingspecialmeasurestocrackdown.Thissummer,ticketstothesoccerWorldCupinGermanywillincludethenameandpassportnumberoftheoriginalpurchaserandembeddedchipsthatmatchthebuyertothetickets.

Thentherearelegalworries.InAmerica,morethanadozenstateshaveanti-scalpinglawsofvariouskinds.NewMexicoforbidstheresellingofticketsforcollegegames;Mississippidoessoforalleventsongovernment-ownedproperty.Suchlawsareoftenignored,butcanstillbite.InMassachusetts,whereresellingaticketformorethan$2abovefacevalueisunlawful,onefanbroughtalawsuitlastautumnagainst16companies(includingStubHub)overhispriceyRedSoxtickets.

UKismentionedinthetextwiththeintentionto______.

A.definere-sellingticketsforprofits

B.stresstheprosperityoftheindustry

C.shedlightontheboomingofscalping

D.castdoubtontheprofitsofonlineticketmarket

17、

Inboththesecondandthethirdparagraphs,theauthoremployswhichofthefollowingwritingdevice?

A.Emphasis.

B.Contrast.

C.Exaggeration.

D.Interrogation.

18、

Theword"juicy"inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmostprobablydenotes______.

A.succulent

B.interesting

C.lucrative

D.liquid

19、

Severemeasurestodiscouragere-sellingticketsforprofitsareillustratedwith______.

A.U2concert

B.SuperBowlinearlyFebruary

C.RollingStonesconcerts

D.thesoccerWorldCupinGermany

20、

Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat______.

A.MorethanadozenstatesinUShaveanti-scalpinglawsofvariouskinds

B.TherearestilllegalworriesabouttheAmericanre-sellingticketsforaprofit

C.MoststatesinUShaveyettoshowpositiveresponseincrackdownontickettouting

D.16companiesweretakentocourtbyonefanforresellingaticketformorethan$2abovefacevalue

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadanarticlewhichisfollowedbyalistofexamplesorheadings.ChoosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedposition(41-45).Theremaybecertainextrawhichyoudonotneedtouse.(10points)

YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutunknownknowledgeonAIDS.

A.WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroytheimmunesystem?

B.Howandwhendidthelong-standingbeliefconcerningAIDSandHIVcropup?

C.Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapy?

D.HowdoesHIVsubverttheimmunesystem?

E.Intheabsenceofavaccine,howcanHIVbestopped?

F.WhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypesofcancerandinfections?

Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetected,scientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldiseasethananyother.

YetPeterPiot,whodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogram,andStefanoVellaofRome,presidentoftheInternationalAIDSSociety,andotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestionscouldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandotherdiseases.

Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain:

(41)______.

Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelopandareheldincheckbyahealthyimmunesystem.ButAIDShaschallengedthatbelief.PeoplewithAIDSaremuchmorepronetocertaincancerslikenon-HodgkinslymphomasandKaposi'ssarcoms,butnottobreast,colonandlung,themostcommoncancersintheUnitedStates.Thispattern

suggeststhatanimpairedimmunesystem,atleastthetypethatoccursinAIDS,doesnotallowcommoncancerstodevelop.

(42)______.

WhenHIVistransmittedsexually,thevirusmustcrossatissuebarriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesofdifferentkindsofcells.

EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymphvesselstolymphnodesandtherestofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthevirusproceedstodestroythebody'sCD-4cellsthatareneededtocombatinvadinginfectiousagents.

(43)______.

AlthoughHIVkillstheimmuneceilssenttokillthevirus,thereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfectedpeoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask:Cantheelementsoftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybeidentified?Ifso,cantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDSininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthefirstplace?

(44)______.

Intheory,earlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceofpreservingimmunefunction.ButthenewdrugsdonotcompletelyeliminateHIVfromthebodysothemedicines,whichcanhavedangeroussideeffects,willhavetobetakenforalifetimeandperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntiltherearesignstheimmunesystemisweakening.

Isavaccinepossible?

Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucialtocontrollingtheepidemic.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestageoffulltesting,andthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegreeofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmittedinvariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.ItisnotknownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillconferprotectionagainstothertypes.

(45)______.

Withoutmoreincisive,focusedbehavioralresearch,preventionmessagesalonewillnotputanendtotheglobalepidemic.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Itisdifficulttoseehowonecanteachifoneisnotlearning.