2023年考研外语考前密押卷5

考研外语考前密押卷5

一、UseofEnglish

1、Thepersonwhocanseeashipwithoutsomefeelingofexcitementmusthaveverylittleimagination.Eventheideaofleavingthesolidland(1)_____mostofuswerebornandbrought(2)_____andgoingoutontotheever-movingwatersmustrouse(3)_____somefeelingsofstrangeness.Wemayrememberstoriesofterriblestorms,withwaves(4)_____mountains,andofpeoplefromshipswhichhavesunk(5)_____weeksinsmallboatshundredsofmilesfromland.Butwehavealso(6)_____joyoftravelingoncalmseasunderblue(7)_____andofthe(8)_____excitementofcomingtoanewbeautifullandwhichwehaveseenonlyinpicturesbefore.

(9)_____shipsarenot,ofcourse,madechieflyforpleasure:theirbiggestuseisincarryinggoodsfromcountrytocountry.(10)_____shipscancarrymoregoodsthan(11)_____meansoftransport,andcan(12)_____somorecheaply.Ifships(13)_____theBritishgovernmentwouldnotbeabletofeed(14)_____people.

Shipshavealsomade(15)_____todiscovermoreandmoredistantpartsofourworld.(16)_____isknowntoall,ColumbususedashiptodiscoverAmericaabout450'yearsago.And(17)_____shipsareusedforexploringtheAntarctic.(18)_____would,infact,notbe(19)_____tosaythatshipshaveforthousandsofyears(20)_____oneofthemostimportantpartsinshapingsociety.

A.bywhich

B.fromwhich

C.onwhich

D.which

2、(2)

A.up

B.forth

C.out

D.about

3、(3)

A.usall

B.allofus

C.inusall

D.forusall

4、(4)

A.highus

B.ashigheras

C.higheras

D.ashighas

5、(5)

A.spending

B.tospend

C.spend

D.spent

6、(6)

A.heardof

B.heardwith

C.heard

D.heardfrom

7、(7)

A.waters

B.covers

C.skies

D.levels

8、(8)

A.unremarkable

B.uncountable

C.uncomfortable

D.unforgettable

9、(9)

A.Moreover

B.Instead

C.Thus

D.But

10、(10)

A.Infact

B.Asaresult

C.Aboveall

D.Bytheway

11、(11)

A.theother

B.another

C.anyother

D.any

12、(12)

A.carry

B.make

C.take

D.do

13、(13)

A.donotexist

B.didnotexist

C.haven'texisted

D.hadnotexisted

14、(14)

A.its

B.their

C.every

D.those

15、(15)

A.possible

B.itpossible

C.impossible

D.uspossible

16、(16)

A.Which

B.It

C.This

D.As

17、(17)

A.notlongago

B.inthefuture

C.evennow

D.beforelong

18、(18)

A.We

B.It

C.This

D.You

19、(19)

A.toomuch

B.safe

C.possible

D.able

20、(20)

A.made

B.done

C.played

D.taken

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Acidrain,whichisaform.of'airpollution,currentlybecomesasubjectofgreatdebatebecauseofwidespreadenvironmentaldamageforwhichithasbeenblamed.Itformswhenoxidesofsulfurandnitrogencombinewithatmosphericmoisturetoyieldsulfuricandnitricacids,whichmaythenbecarriedlongdistancesfromtheirsourcebeforetheydropintheform.ofrain.Thepollutionmayalsotaketheform.ofsnoworfogorfalldownindryforms.Infact,althoughtheterm"acidrain"hasbeeninuseformorethanacentury—itisderivedfromatmosphericstudiesthatweremadeintheregionofManchester,England—themoreaccuratescientifictermwouldbe'aciddeposition.Thedryform.ofsuchdepositionisjustasdamagingtotheenvironmentastheliquidform.

TheproblemofacidrainoriginatedwiththeIndustrialRevolution,andithasbeengrowingeversince.Theseverityofitseffectshaslongbeenrecognizedinlocalsettings,asexemplifiedbythespellsofacidsmoginheavilyindustrializedareas.Thewidespreaddestructivenessofacidrain,however,hasbecomeevidentonlyinrecentdecades.OnelargeareathathasbeenstudiedextensivelyisnorthernEurope,whereacidrainhaserodedstructures,injuredcropsandforests,andthreatenedlifeinfreshwaterlakes.In1984,forexample,environmentalreportsindicatedthatalmosthalfofthetreesinGermany'sBlackForesthadbeendamagedbyacidrain.ThenortheasternUnitedStatesandeasternCanadahavealsobeenparticularlyaffectedbythisform.ofpollution;damagehasalsobeendetectedinotherareasofthesecountriesandotherregionsoftheworld.

Industrialemissionshavebeenblamedasthemajorcauseofacidrain.Becausethechemicalreactionsinvolvedintheproductionofacidrainintheatmospherearecomplexandasyetlittleunderstood,industrieshavetendedtochallengesuchassessmentsandtostresstheneedforfurtherstudies;andbecauseofthecostofpollutionreduction,governmentshavetendedtosupportthisattitude.StudiesreleasedbytheUSgovernmentintheearly1980s,however,stronglyindicatedindustriesasthemainsourceofacidrain,intheeasternUSandCanada.

Fromthefirstsentenceofthepassage,welearnthat______

A.acidrainhascausedairpollution

B.acidrainhascausedwidespreadenvironmentaldamage

C.acid,rainhasbecomeamuchstudiedsubject

D.acidraintravelsinalldirectionsbeforeitrainsdown

2、

Acidfog______

A.fallsdownwhentheatmosphereismoist

B.isnotasfrequentasacidrain

C.oftenfallsintheregionofManchester,England

D.isasdamagingasacidrain

3、

Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout______

A.theoriginofacidrain

B.thecauseofacidrain

C.theformation.ofacidrain

D.thewidespreaddamageofacidrain

4、

Whyisacidrainlittleunderstood?______

A.Becauseitisanewphenomenon

B.Becauseitisnotfrequentenough

C.Becauseitsformationiscomplex

D.Becauseitisdifficulttostudyit

5、

Governments_______

A.denythatindustriescausesacidrain

B.admitthattheyareonlypartlyresponsible

C.claimthattheyarethemainsourcesofpollution

D.thinkthatthecauseofacidrainneedsfurtherstudy

6、Oneoftheoddthingsaboutsomebusinessorganizationsisthattheyspendsomuchmoneytolurenewcustomersandspendsolittletokeepthemafterthey'vebeenlanded.Itjustdoesn'tmakesense.Takingcustomersforgrantedisroutineinsomelargerorganizations,wheremerebignessgeneratesanattitudeofindifference.

Loyalcustomersareanorganization'sonlyprotectionagainstbankruptcy,andlosingthembecauseofneglectorindifferenceisdownrightsinful.Notonlydosatisfiedcustomerscontinuetofattenthetill,theyoftenencourageotherstobuy.Thisisadvertisingthatdoesn'tcostapenny.Andalthoughtherearealwaysproblemsingivinggoodservicetocustomers,maintainingtheirpatronage(光顾)isn'tallthatdifficult.It'samatterofattitude,ofbelievingthateveryonewhobuysfromyouisentitledtothebesttreatmentyoucandeliver.Plusgivingjustalittlemorethanyouhaveto.

Wesaidtherearealwaysproblemsingivinggoodservicetocustomers.Thereason,ofcourse,isthatnoorganizationisperfect,andthere'smanyaslip:unreasonabledelaysinfillingorders,shippingthewrongmerchandise,failingtoanswerletterspromptly,andsoon.

Sometimestheseerrorsorfailurescan'tbehelped.Forexample,ifyoucan'tgetpartsbecauseofmaterialshortagesoratransportationstrike,customersmaybedeniedthegoodsthey'veordered.Andnotinfrequentlythecustomeristoblame—forexample,failingtoclearlyidentifythearticleorservicerequired.

Yetnomatterwhoisatfault,customerswhomyouvaluehighlyshouldgenerallybegiventhebenefitofthedoubt.Notethatwesaid"customerswhomyouvaluehighly."Theoldsaying(格言)goesthatallcustomersshouldbetreatedalikeisamyth.Customerswhorepeatedlyplacelargeordersandpayforthemwillnaturally,getmoreattentionthanthosewhobuyinfrequentlyandhavetobebadgeredtopaywhattheyowe.However,youhavetomaketheassumptionthatallcustomersaregoodunlessprovedotherwise.

Themainideaofthepassageisbestexpressedbywhichofthefollowing?_____

A.Businessorganizationsshouldnotspendsomuchmoneytoattractnewcustomers

B.Maintainingcustomers'patronageisthemostimportanttobusinessorganizations'

C.Customersarekings

D.Organizationsshouldpaymoreattentiontothebenefitoftheircustomers

7、

Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnfromthesecondparagraph?______

A.Customersshouldalwaysbewellserviced

B.Withoutloyalcustomersanorganizationmightgobankrupt

C.Companiescanemploycustofnerstoadvertisetheirproducts

D.Itisdifficultforlargeorganizationstoprovidetheircustomerswithgoodservice

8、

Theauthormightprobablydisagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?______

A.Someerrorsandfailuresareunavoidable

B.Bothanorganizationandtheircustomerareresponsibleforcertainerror

C.Anattitudeofindifferencetowardstheircustomersmightresultinaheavylossofprofit

D.Onlyregularcustomersdeservegoodtreatment

9、

Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthesentence"Theoldsawthatallcustomersshouldbetreatedalikeisamyth"?______

A.It'snotrealthatcustomersshouldbetreatedequal

B.It'snottruethatallcustomersaretreatedequal

C.Customersreceivedequaltreatmentinthepast

D.It'sanoldstorythatcustomersweretreatedequal

10、

Theword"identify"inthefourthparagraphisthesameas_______

A.notice

B.distinguish

C.describe

D.recognize

11、Healthingeneraltermsincludesmanynon-medicalareas,suchashousingandemployment.Asfarasindividualisconcerned,welfarebenefitscomeintwomaincategories—fiatrateandsupplementary.Flatratebenefitsarethoseapersonhasanautomaticrightto(providedheorshehasmadeacertainnumberofcontributionstotheDepartmentofHealthandSocialSecurity).Unemploymentbenefitisoneofthese.Supplementarybenefitsarebasedonameanstest.Inotherwords,theyarebenefitsgiven,regardlessofcontributionsmade,wherethegovernmentdecidesthatanindividualhasinsufficientresourcesforaminimumstandardofliving.Thesebenefitscanbeintheform.ofallowancesforrentandrates,specialdiet,heatingandclothing.Suchbenefitshavetobeclaimedandtheindividualhastogivefulldetailsofallhisorhercapitalassetsandsourcesofincome.Unclaimedbenefitsamounttoapproximately$100millioneachyear.

TheoriginatorsoftheWelfareStateideawereconcernedtoalleviateorremovewhattheysawastheevilsoftheirtime.TheireffortsresultedinagreatimprovementinthestandardoflivingandlifeexpectancyinBritain.ThisprogressinitselfhassimulatedtheincreasingcostofmaintainingtheWelfareState.Over45percentofthehealthauthorityexpenditureonhospitalsandcommunityservicesisspentoncareoftheelderly.Yetthereareindicationsthatbeveragecalculatedthatlesswouldneedtobespentonpeopleoncetheyretired.Advancesinmedicalknowledgehaveinvolvedtheuseofexpensivedrugsandhospitalprocedures.Drugandalcoholabusemakeincreasingdemandsonthemedicalservices.

Thepresentgovernmentisplanninganewapproachtothesocialsecuritysystem,whichaccountsfornearlyone-thirdofpublicexpenditure.Changesinthemovement'spensionschemetoencourageprivateschemeswillstartfromAprilthisyear.Differentwaysofassessingneedareplanned.Toenableclosermonitoringandcontrol,theDHSShasbegunthebiggestcomputerizationprograminEurope.Suggestionshavebeenmadebyoppositionpoliticiansthatthepresentmovementintendstosay"farewell"totheWelfareState.AlthoughallthemajorpartiesinBritainsaytheyarecommitted'toacaringsociety.There'saconsiderabledifferenceinthemeanseachwouldwishtousetoachieveit.Astheoldsayinggoes,"Onlytimewilltell".

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?______

A.Flatratebenefitsarebasedonthecontributionsonehasmade

B.Oneautomaticallyhastheerighttofiatratebenefitsregardlessofcontributionsmade

C.Ifoneisoutofwork,hecangetthefiatratebenefits

D.Ifthegovernmentdecidesoneisbelowtheminimumstandardofliving,supplementarybenefitsareprovided.

12、

Whichbenefitshavetobedemanded?______

A.Unemployment

B.Flatrate

C.Supplementary

D.Noneoftheabove

13、

Togetflatratebenefitsoneneeds______

A.toclaim

B.detailsofhiscapitalassetsandsourceofincome

C.certainnumberofcontribution

D.nothing

14、

OwingtotheeffortsoftheoriginatorsoftheWelfareState______

A.thelivingstandardhadbeengreatlyimproved

B.thecostoflivinghasbeenimproved

C.peoplecanlivealongerlife

D.BothAandC

15、

Thenewapproachtothesocialsecuritysystemwillspend______

A.over45%ofthehealthauthorityexpenditure

B.lessoncareoftheelderly

C.almost30%ofthepublicexpenditure

D.one-thirdofthepublicexpenditure

16、LetusaskwhatwerethepreparationandtrainingAbrahamLincolnhadfororatorywhetherpoliticalorforensic.

Borninrudeandabjectpoverty,heneverhadanyeducation,exceptwhathegavehimself,tillhewasapproachingmanhood.Notevenbookswherewithtoinform.andtrainhismindwerewithinhisreach.Noschool,nouniversity,nolegalfacultyhadanypartintraininghispowers.Whenhebecamealawyerandapolitician,theyearsmostfavorabletocontinuousstudyhadalreadypassed,andtheopportunitieshefoundforreadingwereveryscanty.Heknewbutfewauthorsingeneralliterature,thoughheknewthosefewthoroughly.Hetaughthimselfalittlemathematics,buthecouldreadnolanguagesavehisown,andhadonlythefaintestacquaintancewithEuropeanhistoryorwithanybranchofphilosophy.

Thewantofregulareducationwasnotmadeupforbythepersonsamongwhomhislotwascast.Untilhewasagrownman,henevermovedinanysocietyfromwhichhecouldlearnthosethingswithwhichthemindofanoratorwastobestored.Evenafterhehadgainedsomelegalpractice,therewasformanyyearsnooneforhimtomixwithexceptthepettypractitionersofapettytown,mennearlyallofwhomknewlittlemorethanhedidhimself.

Schoolsgavehimnothing,andsocietygavehimnothing.Buthehadapowerfulintellectandaresolutewill.Isolationfosterednotonlyself-reliancebutthehabitofreflection,and,indeed,ofprolongedandintense,reflection.Hemadeallthatheknewapartofhimself.Hisconvictionswerehisown—clearandcoherent.Hewasnotpositiveoropinionatedandhedidnotdenythatatcertainmomentsheponderedandhesitatedlongbeforehedecided'onhiscourse.Butthoughhecouldkeepapolicyinsuspense,waitingforeventstoguidehim,hedidnotwaver.Hepausedandreconsidered,butitwasneverhiswaytogobackonadecisiononcemoreortowastetimeinvainregretssothatallhehadexpectedhadnotbeenattained.Hetookadvicereadilyandleftmanythingstohisministers;buthedidnotleanonhisadvisers.Withoutvanityorostentation,hewasalwaysindependent,self-contained,preparedtotakefullresponsibilityforhisacts.

TheimplicationofthesecondparagraphisthatAbrahamLincoln______

A.wasilliterate

B.wasnevereducated

C.wasneverprovidedwithanyregulareducation

D.behavedrudelywhenhewasyoung

17、

WearealsotoldthatAbrahamLincoln______

A.nevercaredmuchforreading

B.didmuchreadingwhenhewasyoung

C.neverhadmuchchancetoread

D.becameanenthusiasticreaderwhenhewasgrownup

18、

ItissaidinthethirdparagraphthatAbrahamLincoln______

A.wasanti-social

B.learnedlittlefromhisfriends

C.hadfewfriends

D.knewveryfewdoctors

19、

ThehabitofreflectionhelpedLincoln______

A.todevelopindependence

B.tobecomemoreopinionated

C.toattainclearconvictions

D.tobecomeahesitantperson

20、

WemaysayingeneralthatLincolnwas______

A.afailurebecauseofhisignorance

B.amanwhotriumphedoverhisdisadvantages

C.anexceptionallysuccessfulandwell-educatedperson

D.anilliterateman,butwithsomenaturaltalents

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G……)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

Justas2022wascomingtoanend,theUSATODAY-CNN-GallupPoll(盖洛普民意测验)askedAmericansiftheyweresatisfiedwiththewaythingsaregoinginthecountry.Surprisingly,70percentsaidyes.(41)______.

Whatmakesthenumberevenmoreremarkableisthatthe70percentsatisfactionindex(指数)isamongthehighesttheGallupPollhasmeasuredinthenearly30yearsithasbeenaskingthequestion.Moreover,thesatisfactionratehasusuallybeenlowestintimesofeconomicdifficulty.Forexample,inJune1992,withtheeconomyinrecession,just14percentsaidtheyweresatisfiedwiththewaythingsweregoinginthecountry.Thistimearound,whilemostAmericansareconcernedabouttheeconomyandtheaccompanyingthreatofjoblosses,they'renotlettingtheuncertaintygetthemdown.(42)______.

(43)______.

Someanalystssuggestthatitismerelywhistlingpastthegraveyard.Butotheranalystssayitismoreareflectionoftheindomitable(不屈不挠)andgenerousAmericanspiritthatshoweditselfsodramaticallyintheaftermath(不幸后果)ofSept.11(9.11).RatherthanpulldowntheshadesandhideunderthebedinthefaceoffurtherterrorismthreatsandthegrimrealizationthattheunitedStatesisnotasinvulnerableasmostoncethought,AmericanspouredintothestreetsandcametogetherinaunityofpurposeandresolvenotseensinceWorldWarII.Theyralliedaroundthepresidentandstronglysupportedtheuseofmilitaryforcetocombatterrorism.(44)______.

Are70percentoftheAmericanpeoplereallysatisfiedwiththewaythingsaregoinginthecountryrightnow?(45)______.Yet,thereissomethingrunningthroughtheAm0ricanpsychethatcausesittorefusetogiveintodespair.Callitnaive.Callitfoolish.Callitwhistlingpastthegraveyard.Whateveritis,it'sgoodtosee.Withspiritlikethat,wecanbesurethatthistoowillpass.

A.Atthesametime,Americansshowedtheircompassionnotonlyintheirgenerouscontributionstofundstoaidthethousandsoffamiliesofvictimsoftheattacks,butalsointheirsupportforsendinghumanitarianaidtothepeopleinwar-tornAfghanistanandtheirinsistencethatwomentherebegivenequalrightsWithmen.

B.Threeof4saytheyexpecttheeconomytobebetterayearfromnow.

C.Americansarenotfrightenedbyterrorism,butshowedaparticularmoodoranemotionalstatecharacterizedbyvigorandanimation.

D.Sohowcanweexplainthisunexpectedexpressionofoptimismthatappearstobesweepingthroughthepopulation?

E.Probablynot.Terrorismthreatsarestillwithus.Unemploymentisupto5.8percent.

F.Terrorismisunlawfuluseorthreateneduseofforceorviolencebyapersonoranorganizedgroupagainstpeopleorpropertywiththe,intentionofintimidatingorcoercingsocietiesorgovernments,oftenforideologicalorpoliticalreasons.

G.Thinkaboutit.Lessthanfourmonthsafterthemostdevastatingforeignattackinthenation'shistory,andwithaneconomystillinrecession,onemightthinkmostAmericanswouldbeinasourmoodandunlikelytothinkpositivelyaboutmuchofanything.Yet,7of10expressedanupbeatoutlook.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Alleducationspringsfromsomeimageofthefuture.(46)Iftheimageofthefutureheldbyasocietyisgrosslyinaccurate,itseducationsystemwillbetrayitsyouth.

I