2023年考研外语专家预测过关卷2

考研外语专家预测过关卷2

一、UseofEnglish

1、Sometimeswehavespecificproblemswithourmother;sometimes,lifewithhercanjustbehardwork.Iftherearedifficultiesinyour(1)_____,it'sbesttodealwiththem,(2)_____rememberthatany(3)_____shouldbedone(4)_____personorbyletter.Thetelephoneisnotagood(5)_____becauseitistooeasy(6)_____eithersideto(7)_____theconversation.

Explaintoher(8)_____youfinddifficultinyourrelationshipandthen(9)_____somenewarrangementsthatyouthinkwouldestablisha(10)_____balancebetweenyou.Sometimeswehold(11)_____fromestablishingsuchboundariesbecauseweareafraidthatdoing(12)_____impliesweare(13)_____her.Weneedtorememberthatbeing(14)_____fromourmotherdoesnot(15)_____meanthatwenolongerloveher.Iftheconflictis(16)_____andyoucannotfindawayto(17)_____it,youmightdecidetogiveupyourrelationshipwithyourmotherforawhile.Someofmypatientshad(18)_____"trialseparations".The(19)_____allowedthingstosimmerdown,enabling(20)_____.

A.relationship

B.emission

C.emulation

D.interpretation

2、(2)

A.and

B.but

C.thus

D.or

3、(3)

A.contradiction

B.estimation

C.confrontation

D.immersion

4、(4)

A.by

B.for

C.to

D.in

5、(5)

A.innovation

B.manoeuvre

C.medium

D.synthesis

6、(6)

A.on

B.for

C.off

D.to

7、(7)

A.formulate

B.commence

C.perceive

D.terminate

8、(8)

A.whether

B.how

C.what

D.why

9、(9)

A.propose

B.perform

C.remove

D.outline

10、(10)

A.distinctive

B.turbulent

C.spontaneous

D.healthier

11、(11)

A.back

B.on

C.off

D.by

12、(12)

A.it

B.which

C.what

D.so

13、(13)

A.mustering

B.ejecting

C.insulting

D.retaliating

14、(14)

A.harmonious

B.wholesome

C.malignant

D.independent

15、(15)

A.instantly

B.reluctantly

C.necessarily

D.steadily

16、(16)

A.moderate

B.hereditary

C.inevitable

D.extreme

17、(17)

A.shape

B.resolve

C.simulate

D.grind

18、(18)

A.successful

B.compulsory

C.miserable

D.stationary

19、(19)

A.blunder

B.temptation

C.break

D.trait

20、(20)

A.reconciliation

B.rebellion

C.recreation

D.rehearse

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

September11th2022drewthetransatlanticalliancetogether;butthemooddidnotlast,andoverthefiveyearssinceithaspulledeverfurtherapart.ArecentpollfortheGermanMarshallFundshowsthat57%ofEuropeansregardAmericanleadershipinworldaffairsas"undesirable".TheIraqwarismainlytoblame.Butthereisanotherandmoreintractablereasonforthegrowingdivision:God.

EuropeansworrythatAmericanforeignpolicyunderGeorgeBushistooinfluencedbyreligion.The"holywarriors"whohijackedtheplanesonSeptember11threintroducedGodintointernationalaffairsinthemostdramaticofways.ItseemsthatGeorgeBushisreplyinginkind,encouragingaclashofreligionsthatcouldspellglobalcatastrophe.

DominiqueMoisi,aspecialadviserattheFrenchInstituteforInternationalRelations,arguesthat"thecombinationofreligionandnationalisminAmericaisfrightening.WefeelbetrayedbyGodandbynationalism,whichiswhywearebuildingtheEuropeanUnionasabarriertoreligiouswarfare".JosefBraml,oftheGermanInstituteforInternationalandSecurityAffairs,complainsthatinAmerica"religiousattitudeshavemoreofaninfluenceonpoliticalchoicesthaninanyotherwesterndemocracy".

ThenotionthatAmericaistooinfluencedbyreligionisnotconfinedtotheelites.ThreeinfiveFrenchpeopleandnearlyasmanyDutchthinkthatAmericansaretooreligious-andthatreligionskewswhatshouldbeseculardecisions.EuropeanswhothinkthatAmericais"tooreligious"aremoreinclinedtoanti-Americanismthantheirfellowcountrymen.38%ofBritonshaveanunfavourableviewofAmerica,butthatnumberrisesto50%amongpeoplewhoarewaryofAmericanreligiosity.

IsAmericaengagedinafaith-basedforeignpolicy?Religioncertainlyexertsagrowinginfluenceonitsactionsintheworld,butinwaysmoresubtleandcomplicatedthanEuropeansimagine.ItistruethatAmericaisundergoingareligiousrevival."Hot"religionssuchasevangelicalProtestantismandhardlineCatholicismaregrowingrapidlywhile"cool"mainlineversionsofChristianityaredeclining.ItisalsotruethattheRepublicanParty,isbeingreshapedbythisrevival.Self-identifiedevangelicalsprovidedalmost40%ofMr.Bushesvotein2022;ifyouaddinothertheologicalconservatives,suchasMormonsandtraditionalCatholics,thatnumberrisescloserto60%.AllsixtopRepublicanleadersintheSenatehaveearned100KratingsfromtheChristianCoalition.

ItisalsotruethatMr.Bushfrequentlyusesreligiousrhetoricwhentalkingofforeignaffairs.OnSeptember12thhewasatitagain,tellingagroupofconservativejournaliststhatheseesthewaronterroras"aconfrontationbetweengoodandevil",andremarking,"Itseemstomethatthere'saThirdAwakening"(inotherwords,anoutbreakofChristianevangelicalfervour,ofthesortthathassweptacrossAmericaatleasttwicebefore).AndChristianAmericaoverallistakingabiggerinterestinforeignpolicy.Newvoicesarebeingheard,suchasSamBrownback,aconservativesenatorfromKansaswhohasledthefightagainstgenocideinDarfur,andRickWarren,theauthorofabestsellercalled"ThePurpose-DrivenLife",whoissending2,000missionariestoRwanda.

Finally,itistruethatreligiousfigureshavedonesomeprettyoutrageousthings.PatRobertsoncalledfortheassassinationofHugoChvez,thepresidentofVenezuela.Lieutenant-GeneralWilliam"Jerry"Boykin,deputyunder-secretaryofdefenceforintelligence,touredthecountrytellingChristiangroupsthatradicalMuslimshateAmerica"becausewe'reaChristiannationandtheenemyisaguynamedSatan".Heoftenworeuniform.

Theincreasing

A.terroristattacks

B.Americanrelianceondeity

C.intractablereason

D.multiplefactors

2、

Thephrase"inkind"inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmostprobablydenotes______.

A.withsomethingtender

B.withkindness

C.outofcharityimpulse

D.withsomethingsimilar

3、

Theviewmentionedinthethirdparagraphatleastprevailamong______.

A.theEuropeanUnion

B.thereligiousestablishment

C.thespecialadviser

D.theelites

4、

Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

A.America'sforeignpolicyseemsstronglyinfluencedbyreligion.Butthatinfluenceismuchmorecomplexthanitscriticssuppose.

B.IntheworldofgoodandevilAmericanforeignpolicyisboundtobefruitless.

C.ThegrowingdisparitywhichiscreatedbyGodhasbeenexisting.Butthegulfofthetransatlanticalliancewillbebridged.

D.Religiousfigureshavemadesomeprettyoutrageousthingsthatcouldbecompromisedbymeansnon-violentmeans.

5、

Theauthorevidenceshisownnotionbyadvancing______.

A.fourfacts

B.far-fetchedpretexts

C.randomhypothesis

D.powerfulpreachers

6、Itisnolongerjustdirtyblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingthatarebeingsuckedoffshorebutalsowhite-collarservicejobs,whichusedtobeconsideredsafefromforeigncompetition.Telecomschargeshavetumbled,allowingworkersinfar-flunglocationstobeconnectedcheaplytocustomersinthedevelopedworld.Thishasmadeitpossibletooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradable.MorganStanley'sMr.Roachhasbeendrawingattentiontothefactthatthe"globallabourarbitrage"ismovingrapidlytothebetterkindsofjobs.Itisnolongerjustbasicdataprocessingandcallcentresthatarebeingoutsourcedtolow-wagecountries,butalsosoftwareprogramming,medicaldiagnostics,engineeringdesign,law,accounting,financeandbusinessconsulting.Thesecannowbedeliveredelectronicallyfromanywhereintheworld,exposingskilledwhite-collarworkerstogreatercompetition.

Thestandardretorttosuchargumentsisthatoutsourcingabroadistoosmalltomattermuch.SofarfewerthanlmAmericanservice-sectorjobshavebeenlosttooff-shoring.ForresterResearchforecaststhatby2022atotalof3.4mjobsinserviceswillhavemovedabroad,butthatistinycomparedwiththe30mjobsdestroyedandcreatedinAmericaeveryyear.Thetroubleisthatsuchstudiesallowonlyforthesortsofjobsthatarealreadybeingoff-shored,wheninrealitytheproportionofjobsthatcanbemovedwillriseasITadvancesandeducationimprovesinemergingeconomies.

AlanBlinder,aneconomistatPrincetonUniversity,believesthatmosteconomistsareunderestimatingthedisruptiveeffectsofoff-shoring,andthatinfuturetwotothreetimesasmanyservicejobswillbesusceptibletooff-shoringasinmanufacturing.Thiswouldimplythatatleast30%ofalljobsmightbeatrisk.Inpracticethenumberofjobsoff-shoredtoChinaorIndiaislikelytoremainfairlymodest.Evenso,themerethreatthattheycouldbeshiftedwilldepresswages.

Moreover,saysMr.Blinder,educationoffersnoprotection.Highlyskilledaccountants,radiologistsorcomputerprogrammersnowhavetocompetewithelectronicallydeliveredcompetitionfromabroad,whereashumbletaxidrivers,janitorsandcraneoperatorsremainsafefromoff-shoring.ThismayhelptoexplainwhytherealmedianwageofAmericangraduateshasfallenby6%since9000,abiggerdeclinethaninaveragewages.

Inthe1980sandearly1990s,thepaygapbetweenlow-paid,low-skilledworkersandhigh-paid,high-skilledWorkerswidenedsignificantly.Butsincethen,accordingtoastudybyDavidAutor,LawrenceKatzandMelissaKearney,inAmerica,BritainandGermanyworkersatthebottomaswellasatthetophavedonebetterthanthoseinthemiddle-incomegroup.OfficecleaningcannotbedonebyworkersinIndia.Itistheeasilystandardisedskilledjobsinthemiddle,suchasaccounting,thatarenowbeingsqueezedhardest.AstudybyBradfordJensenandLoriKletzer,attheInstituteforInternationalEconomicsinWashingtonD.C.,confirmsthatworkersintradableservicesthatareexposedtoforeigncompetitiontendtobemoreskilledthanworkersinnon-tradableservicesandtradablemanufacturingindustries.

Tooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradableresultsfrom______.

A.theblue-collarjobmarket

B.thegeographiclocationoftheunderdevelopedworld

C.thefiercecompetitionamongskilledworkers

D.thediveoftelecomsfee

7、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthetypicalreplyconcerningoff-shoring?

A.Service-sectorhassustainedagreatloss.

B.White-collarworkerswillnothaveanarrowescape.

C.Mosteconomistsunderestimatedtheeffectsofoff-shoring.

D.Outsourcingabroadhasnosignificantimpact.

8、

Accordingtothetext,ForresterResearchPredictionmightbedifferentif______.

A.outsourcingabroadislargeenoughtomattermuch

B.theproportionofjobsthatcanbemovedwillrise

C.morecomprehensivefactorsaretakenintoaccount

D.educationimprovementinemergingeconomiesplaysarole

9、

Thenarrativeofthetextinthelastthreeparagraphsconcentrateson______.

A.thestandardretorttothearguments

B.off-shoringandtheresultingincome

C.thefutureoff-shoring

D.thecounter-measuresathand

10、

Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Businessconsulting.

B.Blue-collarjobs.

C.Non-tradableservices.

D.White-collarblues.

11、FewbeyondCalifornia'stechnologycrowdrecognisethenameLarrySonsini;nonewithinitscirclecouldfailto.Forfourdecadeshehasbeenlawyer,adviserandfriendtomanyprominentcompaniesandinvestors.SomeconsiderhimthemostpowerfulpersoninSiliconValley.Companiesbegforhislawfirmtorepresentthem.The65-year-oldchairmanofWilsonSonsiniGoodrichRosati(WSGR)hassuddenlybeenthrustintothespotlight,first,forcounsellingmanyofthetechnologyfirmsnowunderscrutinyforbackdatingstockoptions(andinsomecases,servingontheirboards);andmorerecently,asoutsidecounseltoHewlett-Packard(HP),forinitiallydefendingtheboard'sdubiousinvestigativepractices.

WSGRboasts600lawyersandrepresentsaroundhalfofSiliconValley'spubliccompanies,includingApple,SunMicrosystemsandGoogle.Lastyearitrankedfirstinprivate-equityandventure-capitaldeals,withnearlytwiceasmanyasitsclosestrival.OverthepastfiveyearsWSGRhasworkedonover1,000mergersandacquisitions,collectivelyworthover$260billion.

TherecenttroublescastashadowoverWSGR'sreputation.AlthoughMr.Sonsiniisnotaccusedofwrongdoinghimself,manyofhisfirm'sclientsareontheropes.FormerexecutivesatBrocadeCommunicationssufferedcriminalchargesinJuly.Mr.SonsiniservedonBrocade'sboarduntillastyearandhisfirmwasitsoutsidecounsel.HealsowasontheboardsofPixar,Echelon,LatticeSemiconductor,LSILogicandNovell-allfirmsatwhichtheissuingofstockoptionsisbeingcalledintoquestion.

WSGRdismissestheideathatMr.SonsinifacedaconflictofinterestbyactingasbothdirectorandlegaladvisertosomanyfirmsandsayshedidnotadviseHPinitsinvestigationofboardmembers.Mr.Sonsiniinitiallysaiditwas"welldoneandwithinlegallimits".Itnowseemsitwasneither.

Atthebeginningofthetext,theauthorstresses______.

A.thepublicignoranceofLarrySonsini

B.thepopularityofLarrySonsini

C.thefailureofCalifornia'stechnology

D.thepublicrecognitionofCalifornia'stechnology

12、

Thestatisticsinthetextindicate______.

A.thefameofWSGR

B.thenotorietyofLarrySonsini

C.theboomofWSGR

D.theobligationofHewlett-Packard

13、

Thephrase"ontheropes"inthesecondsentenceofthethirdparagraphdenotes______.

A.undercontrol

B.inthedanger

C.onthehorizon

D.onthevergeof.collapse

14、

Theauthor'sattitudetowardMr.Sonsini'sremarksis______.

A.sceptical

B.indifferent

C.biased

D.sympathic

15、

Thetextismostprobablyadigestconcerning______.

A.federalimage

B.corporategovernance

C.economicinflation

D.personneladministration

16、ItisnotjustIndiansoftwareand"business-processoutsourcing"firmsthatarebenefitingfromtheriseoftheinternet.Indianmodernartisalsoonanupwardspiral,drivenbytheaspirationsofnewlyrichIndians,especiallythoselivingabroad,whousetheinternettospotpaintingsandtrackpricesathundredsofgalleryandauctionwebsites.Priceshaverisenaround20-foldsince2000,particularlyforprizednamessuchasTyebMehtaandF.N.Souza.

Therewouldhavebeen"nochance"ofthathappeningsofastwithouttheinternet,saysArunVadehra,whorunsagalleryinDelhiandisanadvisertoChristie's,aninternationalauctionhouse.HeexpectsworldwidesalesofIndianart,worth$200millionlastyear,todoublein2022.Itisstillatinyfractionofthe$30billionglobalartmarket,butissizeableforanemergingmarket.

Fornewlyrichoftenveryrich-non-residentIndians,expensiveartisabadgeofsuccessinaforeignland."Whoyouare,andwhatyouhave,areonyourwalls",saysLaveshJagasia,anartdealerinMumbai.Indianartmayalsobeatotherformsofinvestment.ApaintingbyMr.Mehtathatfetched$1.58millionlastSeptemberwouldhavegoneforlittlemorethan$100,000justfouryearsago.Anda$22millionart-investmentfundlaunchedinJulybyOsian's,abigIndianauctionhouse,hasgrownby4.1%initsfirsttwomonths.

ScantattentionwaspaidtomodernIndianartuntiltheendofthe1990s.ThenwealthyIndians,particularlythoselivingabroad,begantotakeaninterest.DineshVazirani,whorunsSaffronart,aleadingIndianauctionsite,says60%ofhissalesgotobuyersoverseas.

Thefocusnowisonsixauctionsthismonth.TwotookplaceinIndialastweek;workbyyoungerartistssuchasSurendranNairandShibuNatesanbeatestimatesbymorethan70%.Sotheby'sandChristie'shaveauctionsinNewYorknextweek,eachwithaTyebMehtathatisexpectedtofetchmorethan$1million.Therealquestionisteefateofotherworks,includingsomebyMr.Souzawithestimatesofupto$600,000.Iftheydowell,itwilldemonstratethatthereisstrongdemandandwillpulluppricesacrosstheboard.Thislookslikeamarketwithalongwaytorun.

ItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattherecentrapiddevelopmentofIndianmodernartiscloselyassociatedwith______.

A.economicboom

B.realestate

C.electronicelement

D.internationalaction

17、

Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theexpensiveartcanbeseenasanidealmeansof______.

A.triumph

B.appreciation

C.assessment

D.investment

18、

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.PeopleattachedimportancetomodernIndianartlongbeforetheendof1980s.

B.RichIndians,particularlythoselivingabroad,hadastrongpassionformodernIndianartforages.

C.Pricesattheemergingmarketofmodernarthadbeenclimbingandthendeclining.

D.RichIndiansdidnotshowinterestinmodernIndianartuntiltheendofthe1990s.

19、

Accordingtothetext,thefortuneofsuchworksasMr.Souza'scanexertaninfluenceon______.

A.thecreationofmodernart

B.productionofyoungerartists

C.thestrongrejectionofmarketpolicy

D.thevalueofIndianmodernart

20、

Theauthor'snarrativeinthetextcenterson______.

A.theprofitsbroughtaboutbyaprettypicture

B.whyIndianmodernartisbooming

C.theSuccessofIndiansoftwareand"business-processoutsourcing"firms

D.howwealthyIndiansevaluateIndianmodernart

21、PartB(10points)

YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutunknownknowledgeonAIDS.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA—Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41—45).Thefirstparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.

A.WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroytheimmunesystem?

B.Howandwhendidthelong-standingbeliefconcerningAIDSandHIVcropup?

C.Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapy?

D.HowdoesHIVsubverttheimmunesystem?

E.Intheabsenceofavaccine,howcanHIVbestopped?

F.WhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypesofcancerandinfections?

Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetected,scientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldiseasethananyother.

YetPeterPiot,whodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogram,andStefanoVellaofRome,presidentoftheInternationalAIDSSociety,andotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestionscouldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandotherdiseases.

Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain:

(41)______.

Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelopandareheldincheckbyahealthyimmunesystem.ButAIDShaschallengedthatbelief.PeoplewithAIDSaremuchmorepronetocertaincancerslikenon-HodgkinslymphomasandKaposi'ssarcoms,butnottobreast,colonandlung,themostcommoncancersintheUnitedStates.Thispatternsuggeststhatanimpairedimmunesystem,atleastthetypethatoccursinAIDS,doesnotallowcommoncancerstodevelop.

(42)______.

WhenHIVistransmittedsexually,thevirusmustcrossatissuebarriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesofdifferentkindsofcells.

EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymphvesselstolymphnodesandtherestofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthevirusproceedstodestroythebody'sCD-4cellsthatareneededtocombatinvadinginfectiousagents.

(43)______.

AlthoughHIVkillstheimmunecellssenttokillthevirus,thereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfectedpeoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask.Cantheelementsoftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybeidentified?Ifso,cantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDSininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthefirstplace?

(44)______.

Intheory,earlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceofpreservingimmunefunction.ButthenewdrugsdonotcompletelyeliminateHIVfromthebodysothemedicines,whichcanhavedangeroussideeffects,willhavetobetakenforalifetimeandperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntiltherearesignstheimmunesystemisweakening.

Isavaccinepossible?

Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucialtocontrollingtheepidemic.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestageoffulltesting,andthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegreeofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmittedinvariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.ItisnotknownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillconferprotectionagainstothertypes.

(45)______.

Withoutmoreincisive,focusedbehavioralresearch,preventionmessagesalonewillnotputanendtotheglobalepidemic.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Researchersinvestigatingbrainsizeandmentalabilitysaytheirworkoffersevidencethateducationprotectsthemindfromthebrain'sphysicaldeterioration.

(46)Itisknownthatthebrainshrinksasthebodyages,buttheeffectsonmentalabilityaredifferentfrompersontoperson.Interestingly,inastudyofelderlymenandwomen,thosewhohadmoreeducationactuallyhadmorebrainshrinkage.

"Thatmayseemlikebadnews",saidstudyauthorDr.EdwardCoffey,aprofessorofps