第8讲：语法满分冲刺7：高考常见介词和介词短语

第页SQKC-25高三一轮复习第8讲介词和介词短语一、高考真题〔安徽〕23.It’smucheasiertomakefriends______youhavesimilarinterests.A.unless B.when C.eventhough D.sothat【答案】B。此题考查状语从句的连词。此题可以把四个选项分别放到空处，其中只有选项B能使语意通顺，为正确答案；其他三个选项的意思分别是“除非〞，“即使〞，“以便〞，都不符合句意，排除。【句意】当你们有相似的爱好的时候，交朋友就容易的多。【小窍门】把四个选项分别放到句中去，看能否使句意通顺，也是做题的一个技巧。〔北京〕22.Don’tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms youcouldhaveproblems.A.or B.and C.but D.so【答案】A。此题考查并列句的连词。前面说的是别关电脑，后面说的是关电脑的后果，很显然，中间的意思是“如果关电脑〞，如果用一个连词，那就应该用or或者otherwise，因此锁定答案。【句意】在关闭所有程序之间不要关电脑，否那么可能会出问题。【小窍门】考查连词的解题关键是弄清句子之间的逻辑关系，如转折关系，让步关系，因果关系等等。〔湖南〕23.Youmustlearntoconsultyourfeelingsandyourreason_____youreachanydecision. A.although B.before C.because D.unless【答案】.B。考查状语从句的连词。解题思路：理清逻辑关系。比照reachanydecision和consultyourfeelingsandyourreason关系，不难看出，兼顾好情感与理智在前，做任何决定在后。【句意】你要学会在做任何决定之前都必须兼顾好情感与理智。[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]〔江西〕28.Shesaysthatshe’llhavetoclosetheshop_____businessimproves. A.if B.unless C.after D.when【答案】B.考查连词词义辨析。A.如果；B.如果不；除非；；C.在……之后；D.当……时候【句意】她说如果生意没有好转的话，她将不得不关掉这个商店。[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]〔课标II〕3.IwasgladtomeetJennyagain,_____Ididn'twanttospendalldaywithher.[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+A.but B.and C.so D.or【答案】Ａ。此题考查并列句的连词。解题关键是弄清前后句子之间的逻辑关系。前面说见面快乐，后面却说不想整天跟她呆在一起，明显是转折关系，要用连词but。【句意】我很快乐再次见到詹尼，但是，我不想一整天都跟她一起度过。(陕西)18.Ihaveheardalotofgoodthingsaboutyou_____Icamebackfromabroad.A.until B.since C.when D.before【答案】A。此题考查状语从句的连词。现在完成时态的其中一个用法是表示一个动作“从过去的某个时候发生，一直延续到现在〞，从本句中的主句是现在完成时，从句是一般过去时来看，整个句子表达的正是这样的一个动作，故连词用since；如果用until或者before，那么主句表示的动作都是发生在从句之前，都应该用过去完成时，排除B，C；如果用when，那么主句应该用一般过去时，排除D。【句意】自从我从国外回来，听说了好多关于你的好事情。〔四川〕4.Readthisstory,_____youwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney. A.or B.and C.but D.so【答案】B。此题考查固定句型。“祈使句，+and/then+从句〞是一个固定句式，意思是“做某事，你就会如何〞。“祈使句+or+从句〞意为“做某事，否那么你就会如何〞。【句意】看看这个故事，你就会明白不是所有的东西都可以用钱买到的。〔四川〕7.Heissobusy.Hecannotaffordenoughtimewithhisson_____hewantsto. A.evenif B.asif C.because D.before【答案】A。此题考查状语从句连词。句子的前段说他不能腾出时间，后段说他想，前后之间明显是让步关系，“即使想，也不能〞，故正确答案是evenif。其他三个选项的意思分别是好似，因为，在……之前，均不合句意，排除。【句意】他很忙，即使他很想也不能腾出时间跟儿子一起。〔天津〕5._____small,thecompanyhasabout1,000buyersinover30countries.A.As B.If C.Although D.Once【答案】C。此题考查连词的用法。although做连词意为“尽管，虽然〞，符合前后的让步的逻辑关系；实际上，本句省略了主语和系动词itis。【句意】尽管这家公司很小，但是它在30多个国家拥有1000多个客户。〔新课标I〕32.There’snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscovery_____anotherman,alsointelligent,fails.A.since B:if C.as D.while[来源:学_科_网]【答案】D。此题考查连词的用法。四个选项都可以作附属连词使用，引导状语从句。since引导时间状语从句，意思是“自……以来〞；引导原因状语从句，意思是“既然；因为〞。if引导条件状语从句，意思是“如果〞。as引导时间、原因、方式、比拟等状语从句，意思是“当……的时候；随着……；因为……；像……；和……〞等。while引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……的时候〞。此外，while还可作并列连词，表示转折和比照，意思是“然而〞，显然符合句意的是选项D。【句意】没方法知道为什么一个人有重大发现，而另外一个人虽然也很聪明，却没有〔重大发现〕。[来源:1]〔重庆〕23. It'snoteasytochangehabits,______withawarenessandself-control,itispossible.A.forB.orC.butD.so【答案】C。此题考查并列句的连词。空处前面说的是不容易，后面说的是可能，显然是转折关系。【句意】改变习惯不容易，但如果是有意识的并且自控，就可能做到。[来源:1]〔重庆〕25.______wehaveenoughevidence,wecan'twinthecase.A.OnceB.AslongasC.UnlessD.Since【答案】C。此题考查状语从句的连词。“我们有足够的证据〞和“我们不能赢得这个案子〞之间的关系有可能是两种：〔1〕让步关系；〔2〕否认前面的意思。四个选项中，没有表让步关系的although/though，那么答案就应该是否认前面的意思，用unless，“如果我们没有……，我们就不能……〞；其他三个连词明显与句意不符，排除。[来源:Z§xx§k.Com]【句意】如果我们没有足够的证据，就不能赢这个案子。【小窍门】做这种题，关键是弄清两句话之间的逻辑关系，比方是因果关系还是转折关系等。[来源:1ZXXK]〔上海〕36.Icannotheartheprofessorclearlyasthereistoomuchnoise_____Iamsitting.A.before B.until C.unless D.where[来源:学【答案】D。此题四个选项都为常见状语从句引导词，A.before引导时间状语从句，“在……之前〞；B.until引导时间状语从句，“直到……为止〞；C.unless引导条件状语从句，“除非……，如果不……〞；D.where引导地点状语从句，“在……的地方〞。【句意】“我不能很清楚地听见教授所讲，因为在我坐的地方，有太多的噪音〞。显然这里是指我所坐的地方太吵，导致我听不清。(北京)26.IhaveanappointmentDr.Smith,butIneedtochangeit.A.to B.off C.with D.from【答案】C。此题考查介词。haveanappointmentwithsb是固定短语，意思是“与某人有约会〞。【句意】我跟史密斯医生有个约会，但我得改了。(福建)29.Mrs.Smithfindsithardtoclearupthemess,asherchildrenarealways____whenevershetriesto.A.inthewayB.onwatch C.insight D.ontheline【答案】A。此题考查介词短语的用法。intheway阻碍、挡道；onwatch值班、监视；insight在即、看得见；ontheline处于危险中、模棱两可。通过上下文意思可知是孩子们阻碍史密斯夫人的工作，所以先A。【句意】史密斯夫人发现很难收拾这混乱的局面，因为无论什么时候她试图去做的时候，孩子们总是阻碍她的工作。(2023安徽)22Beforeyoupayavisittoaplaceofinterest,lookinyourlocallibraryabookaboutit.A.on B.atC.forD.to【答案】C。此题考查介词。介词for经常用来表示目的，为正确答案；其他几个介词均有此意，排除。【句意】在你参观一个名胜之前，在当地图书馆里查找一本相关的书。(湖北)30.Anartistwhowasrecentlytravelingonaferrytothesouthernislanddiscovered______alonglostantiqueGreekvase.A.atrandomB.bychanceC.inturnD.onoccasion【答案】B。此题考查短语和句意的理解。atrandom任意地，随便地；bychance偶然地，意外地；无意之中；碰巧；inturn轮流地；相应地；onoccasion有时，间或【句意】一个艺术家最近乘坐渡轮到那个南方岛屿旅游，他无意之中竟然发现失传已久的古希腊花瓶。[来源:学_科_网](江苏)26.IamalwaysdelightedwhenIreceiveanemailfromyou.thepartyonJuly1stIshallbepleasedtoattend.A.OnaccountofB.InresponsetoC.InviewofD.Withregardto【答案】D。此题考查短语介词辨析。A.Onaccountof因为，由于B.Inresponseto对……做出回应C.Inviewof考虑到，鉴于D.Withregardto关于，至于。根据句意，选择D。[科_【句意】当我收到你的电子邮件时，总是很快乐的。关于7月1日的聚会，我将非常快乐参加。(辽宁)25.___________everyonehere,Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry. A.Bymeansof B.Onbehalfof C.Insearchof D.Forfearof【答案】B。此题考查短语介词辨析。A.bymeansof通过……手段B.onbehalfof代表C.insearchof寻找D.forfearof为了防止，唯恐。根据句意可知，选择B。【句意】代表在场的每一个人，我祝您归国旅途愉快。(山东)34.TheSmithsarepraised_______thewaytheybringuptheirchildren.

A.from B.by C.at D.for【答案】D。此题考查介词的用法。A项from“从，来自于〞；B项by“通过，被〞；C项at“在〞；D项意为“因为，为了〞，此处表示原因，符合句意。【句意】史密斯夫妇因为他们教育孩子的方法而受到了称赞。(陕西24.Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany,andIamsurehewill.A.inparticularB.inturnC.inchargeD.intime【答案】D。此题考查介词短语。四个选项的意思分别是“特别，尤其〞，“依次，轮流〞，“负责〞，“及时；不久〞，根据句意，答案明显是D。[来源:1]【句意】经理想看到公司的变化，我相信不久他会看到的。(新课标Ⅰ)34.Itwasarealracetimetogettheprojectdone.Luckily,wemadeit. A.over B.by C.for D.against【答案】D此题考查介词用法。题干中的it显然是形式主语，真正主语是不定式togettheprojectdone。根据句意，可知完成这个工程要争分夺秒，所以某种意义上是在和时间赛跑。araceagainsttime是固定短语，意思是“和时间赛跑〞，故最正确答案是D。【句意】完成工程真正是在和时间赛跑。幸运的是，我们赢了。[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K](浙江)14.Itwillbeagreathelpifyougotothestoreandgetwhatweneedfordinner._______,I’llsetthetable.A．AsaresultB.OnthewholeC.InthemeanwhileD.Asamatteroffact【答案】C。考查介词短语。根据上下文句意之间的逻辑关系，应该是“与此同时〞选C【句意】如果去店里买些我们晚饭需要的东西，这会有很大的帮助，与此同时，我将摆好桌子。〔上海〕25.—I'mlookingforanearbyplaceformyholiday.Anygoodidea?—HowabouttheMoonLake?Itis______easyreachofthecity.A.by B.beyond C.within D.from【答案】C。此题四个选项都为常见介词，A.by表“通过；经由；在附近；在……之前〞；B.beyond表“超过；在……的那一边〞；C.within表“在……之内〞；D.from表“来自；从……起〞。由题干中的关键信息anearbyplace可知，要推荐离城市不远的地方度假。而短语介词withineasyreachof意思是“在…附近，距离…不远〞，所以为正确选项。[来源:1]【句意】“——我在寻找附近的地方度假。有什么好主意吗？——月亮湖怎么样？离城市不远的〞。二、模拟题1.Jack,Iadviseyoutoreadthisessay_______thedangerofswill-cookeddirtyoil(地沟油)beforeyougotothatrestaurant.A.in B.over C.of D.on2._______threestrongRepublicofKoreacompetitors,ZhouYangsingle-handedlytookthe1,500-metershort-trackspeedskatinggoldattheVancouverWinterOlympics.A.Against B.With C.For D.To3.Theaccidentthathappenedatanoilfield_______thecoastoftheBohaiseainChinahascausedgreatdamagetotheenvironment.A.away B.from C.off D.beyond4.Moreconsumersarewaitingforthefurtherdropofhousingpriceswithmoneyintheirhands_______buyinghouses,accordingtoareport.A.betterthan B.morethanC.otherthan D.ratherthan5.Chinaunderstandsthesituationandneedsofunderdevelopedcountriesontheissueofclimatechangeandurgesdevelopedcountriestosupportthem_______technologyandfinance.A.inspiteof B.owingtoC.regardlessof D.intermsof6.(2023·南通模拟)—Asaweight-liftingathlete,Thomasisindeedtoofat,Ithink.—But_______that,heisstilloneofthebestathletesatpresent.A.incaseof B.inspiteofC.thanksto D.inresponseto7.(2023·福州模拟)Asthepartnershipbetweenthetwocountriescontinues,plansformorecooperationare_______discussion.A.for B.under C.in D.to8.(2023·抚州模拟)Tomisveryyoung.But_______workingability,he’smuchmoreexperiencedthanothers.A.inpraiseof B.infaceofC.inneedof D.intermsof9.(2023·泉州模拟)Largeearthquakes_______theoceancancreateaseriesofhuge,destructivewavescalledtsunamisthatfloodcoastsformanymiles.A.beyond B.beneath C.off D.across10.(2023·苏州模拟)—Wouldyoupleasetellmewhattimeitis?—It’sfiveminutestonine_______mywatch.A.on B.by C.at D.in11.(2023·哈尔滨模拟)Weshouldtalkaboutthethings_______thechildren’sunderstandinginasimpleway.A.over B.beyond C.above D.under12.(2023·石家庄模拟)_______thelatestestimates，insectsaccountforprobably4to6millionofthespeciesofcreatureslivingontheplanet.A.Owingto B.AccordingtoC.Inspiteof D.Incaseof13.(2023·武汉模拟)Thesurvivorsofthecrashedplanehadnofoodorwaterandwere_______theextremelycoldweather.A.inthepossessionof B.inthechargeofC.atthemercyof D.attheriskof14.(2023·南昌模拟)Arecentsurveyshows,_______greatsocialchanges,traditionalvalueslikefamilyharmonystillplayanimportantroleinChinesepeopleinheart.A.inspiteof B.inchargeofC.asaconsequenceof D.inreturnfor15.(2023·南通模拟)Unabletoworkatasteadyjob_______aterminalillness,hedecidedtovolunteeratthelocalchildrencenter.A.atthecostof B.asaresultofC.incaseof D.attheriskof参考答案：1.【解析】选D。考查介词。句意：杰克，在你去那家饭馆前我建议你读读这篇关于地沟油危害的文章。介词on表示“关于；论及〞之意。介词in，over，of皆无此意，应选D。2.【解析】选A。句意：在温哥华冬季奥林匹克运动会中，周扬以韩国三个运发动作为强有力的竞争对手，仅个人便获得了1，500米短道速滑冠军。against在这里表示“以……为竞争对手〞。3.【解析】选C。考查介词。句意：在中国渤海海岸发生的油田事故给环境造成了巨大的破坏。off这里意为“距(某处)某距离〞，如：abighouseoffthehighstreet离大街不远的一所大房子。away不能接名词；from从……来(开始)；beyond超过。根据句意应该选C。4.【解析】选D。句意：根据一项报道，更多的消费者在持币观望等待房价的进一步下降，而不是买房。ratherthan“而不是〞，与句意相符。5.【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意：中国理解开展中国家在气候变化上的形势和需求，并且敦促兴旺国家在技术和财政上给予他们支持。inspiteof尽管，不顾；owingto由于，因为；regardlessof不管，不顾；intermsof在……方面。根据句意应选D项。6.【解析】选B。考查介词短语用法。句意：——我认为，作为举重运发动，托马斯确实很胖。——尽管如此，他仍然是目前最好的运发动之一。incaseof万一；inspiteof尽管；thanksto由于；inresponseto回应。7.【解析】选B。考查介词用法。句意：因为两国之间的伙伴关系还会继续，关于更多合作的方案正在讨论中。underdiscussion正在讨论中。8.【解析】选D。考查介词短语用法。句意：汤姆很年轻，但就工作能力来说，他比其他人更有经验。inpraiseof表扬；infaceof面对；inneedof需要；intermsof就……来说。9.【解析】选B。考查介词用法。句意：海洋下的大地震会产生一系列大的消灭性的海浪，这叫海啸，它会淹没大面积的海岸。beyond超过；beneath在……下面；off离开；across横跨。10.【解析】选B。考查介词用法。这里用by表示“根据，按照〞，相当于accordingto。句意：——你能告诉我时间吗？——我的表差5分9点。11.【解析】选B。考查介词用法。句意：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。D项不符合语意，above和over一般描述位置，beyond“超过，非……所能及〞，符合语意。12.【解析】选B。考查介词短语用法。此处表示“根据〞最新的估计，应选B项“根据，按照〞。owingto因为；inspiteof尽管；incaseof万一，都不符合题意。句意：据最新估计，昆虫大概在地球生物中有4百万到6百万个品种。13.【解析】选C。考查介词短语用法。句意：这架坠毁飞机上的幸存者没有食物和水，面对极端寒冷的天气束手无策。inthepossessionof被……拥有；inthechargeof由……负责；atthemercyof受/听任……摆布；attheriskof冒……的危险。根据语意判断选C。14.【解析】选A。考查介词短语。句意：尽管社会变化很大，最近调查显示像家庭和谐的传统价值观在中国人心里仍有很重要的地位。inspiteof尽管；inchargeof负责；asaconsequenceof由于……的结果；inreturnfor作为……的回报。15.【解析】选B。考查介词短语。句意：他由于得了绝症，不能从事一份稳定的工作，于是决定在当地的儿童中心做义工。atthecostof以……为代价；asaresultof由于；incaseof万一;attheriskof冒着……的风险。三、阅读理解AIt’sPigs’HometownThestoryhappenedduringtheSecondWorldWar.AnoldmanlivedinasmalltownofGermany.Hehadthreesonsandtheyallworkedinthesamefactorywherehehadworked.Afterthewarhadbegun,hissonswereallmadetojointhearmyoneafteranotherandtheyalldiedinthefights.Theoldmanwasverysad.Hedidn’thaveenoughfoodandwasoftenhungry.Andnobodyhelpedhimandhedidn’tknowhowtogoonliving.Itwasaverycoldwinternight.Theoldmancouldn’tgotosleep.Hehadbeenhungryfortwodaysanditwassocoldinhisroomthaticecouldbeseen.Hehadtogetupandbegantorunintheroomuntilhelaydownonthefloor.Thenextmorninghehadtobegfromdoortodoor.Hehadbeentoalotofcitiesandknewalot.Oncehecametoavillage,butthevillagerswereallpoorandcouldn’tgivehimanything.Hewastoohungrytogotoanothervillage.Hethoughthardandfoundaway.Hecametoapolicestationandcalledout,“Hitlerisafoolishpig!〞Outcameanoldpolicemanatonce.Hetooktheoldmanintoaroom,gavehimsomebreadandacupoftea.Thenhesaid,“Don’tsaysoinourvillage,sir!〞“I’msorry,sir,〞saidtheoldman.“Idon’tknowit’sHitler’shometown.〞“No,no,sir,〞thepolicemansaidinahurry.“It’spigs’hometown!〞1.Theoldman’ssonsjoinedthearmybecause_______.A.theywereallstrong B.theylovedtheircountryC.theywantedtobefull D.theyhadtodoso2.Theoldmanwassadbecause_______.A.histhreesonshadtojointhearmyB.histhreesonslosttheirlivesduringthewarC.helivedinthesmalltownaloneD.hehadneitherfoodnorclothes3.Thevillagersdidn’tgivetheoldmananyfoodbecause_______.A.theyweren’tkind-hearted B.hissonswereinthearmyC.theywerealsohungry D.theyhatedhim4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Theoldpolicemanwouldsendtheoldmanintoprison.B.TheoldpolicemanhatedHitler,too.C.TheoldpolicemanthoughtHitlerwasbetterthanpigs.D.Theoldmanfoundafriendatthepolicestation.BIt's2035.Youhaveajob,afamilyandyou'reabout40yearsold.Welcometoyourfuturelife.Gettingreadyforwork,youpauseinfrontofthemirror."Turnred,"yousay.Yourshirtchangesfromskybluetodeepred.Tinypreprogrammedelectronics(智能电子元件)arerearrangedinyourshirttochangeitscolor.Lookingintothemirror,youfindithardtobelieveyou're40.Youlookmuchyounger.Withamazingadvancesinmedicine,peopleinyourgenerationmaylivetobe150yearsold.You'renotevenmiddle-aged!Asyougointothekitchenandpreparetopouryourbreakfastcerealintoabowl,youhear,"Toloseweight,youshouldn'teatthat,"fromyourshoes.Theyreadthetinyelectroniccode(电子源码)onthecerealboxtofindoutthenutritiondetails.Youdecidetolistentoyourshoes."Kitchen,whatcanIhaveforbreakfast?"Alistofpossiblefoodsappearsonthecounterasthekitchenchecksitsfoodsupplies."Readyforyourtriptospace?"youaskyoursonanddaughter.In2023onlyspeciallytrainedastronautswentintospace—andveryfewofthem.Todayanyonecangotospacefordaytripsorlongervacations.Yourbestfriendevenworksinspace.Handingyourchildrenthreestrawberrieseach,youadd,"Thedoctorsaidyouneedtheseforspacetravel."Thankstomedicaladvances,vaccinationshots(防疫针)areathingofthepast.Ordinaryfoodscontainspecificvaccines.Withtheberriesintheirmouths,thekidsheadforthefrontdoor.It'stimeforyoutogotowork.Yourcarchecksyourfingerprintsandunlocksthedoors."Myoffice.Autopilot,"youcommand.Yourcardrivesitselfdowntheroadandmovessmoothlyintotrafficonthehighway.Yousitbackandunrollyoure-newspaper.Thelatestnewsdownloadsandfillstheviewer.Lookingthroughthepages,youwatchthenewsasvideofilmratherthanreadit.5.Whatchangesthecolorofyourshirt?A.Themirror.B.Theshirtitself.C.Thecounter.DThemedicine.6.Howdotheshoesknowthatyoushouldn'teatthebreakfastcereal?A.Bypouringthebreakfastintoabowl.B.Bylisteningtothedoctor'sadvice.C.Bytestingthefoodsuppliesinthekitchen;D.Bycheckingthenutritiondetailsofthefood.7.Thestrawberriesthechildreneatserveas________A.breakfastB.lunchC.vaccinesD.nutrition8.Howisthetextorganized?A.Inorderoftime.B.Inorderoffrequency.C.Inorderofpreference.D.InorderofimportanceCAmericanWatersportsTuesday—SaturdayLocatedonthebeachoftheSeaGardensBeachResort,therearefunthingstorentforthewholefamily.Theyofferrentalsforkayaks,jetskisandevenparasails!Enjoythewaterupcloseorfromabird’seyeview!Nomatterwhatactivityyou’reenjoying,besuretoprotectyourselfandyourfamilyfromthesun’spowerfulraysandapplyplentyofsunblock!15thStreetBoatCompanyMonday—Saturday15thStreetBoatCompanyoffersrentalboatsofallkinds.They’resuretohavewhatyouarelookingfor,whetherit’sasmallboatforaquickandsimpleoutingoranextravagantboatwithcomfortableseatswithastereo(立体声)andhigh-technavigation(导航).Youcanrentaboatforhalfaday,acoupledays,orevenweeksatatime.Ifyouwantit,they’vegotit.It’sfunforeveryone!Coconuts’Watersports9a.m.—5p.m.MondaythroughSundayCo