高考英语核心语法学案名词性从句

名词从句【定义】一个句子在另一个句子充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，相当于名词，故称为名词性从句。【四大从句】名词性从句分为主从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句一个句子在另一个句子中充当主，即句子充当主语，该句子称为主语从句。【完成例句】根据句意选词填空that,if,whether,when,what)(1)Thathecertain.(2)hegoisnotknown.(3)Whathesaidistrue.(4)Whenthewillheldnotdecidedyet.【结论】－从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈句，没有具体意义，不充当句子成分，只起标志性作用，但不能略。－从句，从句来源于一般疑问whether不省略，意为是否，不能用替换殊疑问词－从句从句来源于特殊疑问句特殊疑问词不能省略意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句成分。【疑难1】Whoisisofbusiness.【疑难剖析】任何从句要用陈述句语序，即谓语序。【疑难2】ThatheEnglishisknowntousall.Whatheatsad.【疑难剖析】主句时态为过去时，从句时态过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。【疑难3】That2010AsianGamesaresuccessfulknownto【疑难剖析】单个句子作主语，视为单数。【疑难3】isapitythatdidn'tseethedoesn'tinterestwhetherornot.isinthemorningthattookplace.isJohnthatbrokewindow.【疑难剖析】．主语从句常由充当形式主语，而本身放句子末尾。2作形式语和it引导强调句的比较作形主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调强调的什么成分用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用/。用it作式主语的常用结构＋名词＋从isafactthat事实是…ishonorthat非常荣幸iscommonknowledgethat…是常＋形容词＋从isnaturalthat很自然…第1页共4页

isstrangethat奇怪的……＋不及物动词＋从that似乎…happenedthat碰巧……appears似乎[]＋过分词＋从句isreported据报道hasthat证实isthat据……【疑难5】issaidthatChairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweek.([]ThatChairmanHuvisitschoolnextweeksaid.(×)【疑难剖析】主语从句不可位于句首的五种况：if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首Itissaid/reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。Ithappens/结中的主语从句不可提前。occurredtohimthathefailedinexamination.(√)Thathefailedtheexaminationoccurredto(×)Itdoesn'tmatterhow结构中的主语从句不可提前。doesn'tmatterhenot.√)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn'tmatter.(×)含主语从句的复句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。Islikelythatitrainthe？√)Isthatrainintheevening？【疑难6】what与that在引主语从句时的区别WhatyousaidyesterdayisThatstillisaconsolation.【疑难剖析】what引导主语从句时在从句中充当主宾语或表语而that则不充当任何成分。二、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句宾语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词或介词之后。【完成例句】根据句意选词填空that,if,whether,，(5)Iheardthathejoinedarmy.(6)didnotknowwhathadhappened.wonderyoucanchangethisnotefor(7)Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptinvitation.【结论9】引导的宾语从句that通常可以省略，从句中不充当任何成分。引导的宾语从句what在句中充当主语、宾语或表语。(if)导的宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用意“是否。【疑难1】引导宾语从句时和whether的别Iaskedherif/whetherhadabike.Theydiscussedwhethertheywillrightnow.第2页共4页

We'reworriedabouthesafe.Idon'twhethernothecome.Idon'twhethertogo.【疑难剖析】引导宾语从句时用if和都可以，但有只用whether的特殊情况：动词discuss后；介词后；whether与or连时；to。【疑难2】amafraid(that)madeamistake.【疑难剖析】作形容词的宾语时，可以省略that。【注意】下列形容词后常跟导的从句作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,等时也将此类词后的that从看作原因状语从句。)【疑难3】thatgetmarriednextmonth.【疑难剖析3】不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾别是在带复合宾语的句子中。【疑难4】admiretheirwinningmatch.(Iadmirethatwonmatch.【疑难剖析】后边不能直接跟从句的词有：allow,refuse,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用引导的宾语从句。【疑难5】impressedthemanagerasanhonestman.(Heimpressedthemanagerthatwasanhonestman.(×)【疑难剖析】有些动词不可用于动词间接宾语that－句”结中，这类动词常见的有envy，，，blame，denouncecongratulate等。【疑难6】我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.【疑难剖析否定的转移主句谓语动词think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。三、表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句表语从句，一般结构“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句。【完成例句】根据句意填空(8)questioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchshorttime.(9)Thisiswhycan'tgetthesupportofpeople.(10)Butfactremainsthattheotherclasses.(11)reasonheisforschoolthattheearly【结论1】整陈述句充当表语时用引，且不可省略；是否含义时用whether；义不完整时根据情况选用对的特殊疑问词，如what，，where，等种特殊句型thereason和Itis…等结构四、同位语从句第3页共4页

在复合句中作名词的同位语的名性从句为同位语从句。【完成例句】根据句意选词填空(12)king'sdecisionthatprisonersetfreesurprisedthepeople.(13)orderthatthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgiventhegeneral.【结论】同位语从句对名词作进步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，可接同位语从句的名词主要有：fact,information,problem,decision,suggestion,proposal,order等。【疑难1】同位语在句子中的位置Hegotnewsfromthanthesportsputoff.【疑难剖析】同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。【疑难2】同位语从句与定语从句的区别Thenewsthathetoldmeisthatgoabroadnextyear.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出。ThenewsthatTomgoabroadishim.汤将出国的消息是他讲的。【疑难剖析2】定语从句中的既代替先行同可以在从句中作某个成分语或宾语而位语从句中的是连词只起连接主句与从的作用不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先词，对先行词加以限定，描述名词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，功能是对名词的具体内容进行补充说明。名词性从句练习out!___________论谁被转smokinghereshallbefinedat(caught)___________长亲自参加ceremonythestudentsmuchencouragement.Ithe_________使情更遭的是isthatIcan'thavequalificationtakethenext(bad)ThereasonEinsteinlefttoAmerica因Hitler迫害犹太人atthetime.(persecute)citybuiltin是块废地的地方tenyearsago.(what)Idictionaryoncondition条是他还我beforeFriday.Iwonderwhetherknows_______我要承受多大的痛苦towriteabook.(take)Thekingpromisedhisdaughterto任击败敌人的人defeat)Iamsatisfiedwith_________的学生所获得的成(achieve)10.__________我认为这很重要collegestudentsshouldlearnmoreaboutChinesehistory.(it)11.Scientiststheconclusion地的温度正变得越来越高gettinghigherandhigher.(that)12.Theyoungcoupleworriedbecauseneitherofthemaware_________他在哪儿丢的thenecklace.(lose)13.谁第一个登上月球isclearus.(land)14.__________消息传来thestudentwasadmittedintouniversityinstate.(word)15.___________我突然想起therewasashortthehistorymuseum.(occur)(whoevercaught;thattheprincipalhimselfattended;what