高考英语阅读理解细节理解解题技巧扫读法、归纳法(附带答案)

高三英语阅读理解细节理解（扫读法）解题、主旨大意（查找、归纳法）解题高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求：阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获相关信息。考生应能）理解旨要义2理文具体信息）根上文断词短的含义）做出判和理5理解章的基本构6理作的图、点态。高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：细理题推判断题词猜题主旨大意。读理解的考题分为客观理解题（文章中客观存在的事实，客观题的答案一般都可以在原文中找中具事实或者抽象概念解Opinions）（这类问题不可能直接从文中找到答案，需要通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深的理解，并据此进行断和推理今天主要处理的是细节理解（扫读法）解题、主旨大意（归纳法）解题。导入范例1首先要学会区分Facts&Opinionsdistinguishfactsfromopinions导入范例细理解（扫读法）解题AMusicOperaMusicHall：1243ElmStreet.TheJunethroughwithperformancesMarchSeptember．themembershipdiscounts.：241-2742..ChamberplaysatMemorialHallatElmStreet,offersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughCallformore.Orchestra:AtMusicHallandRiverbend.381-3300.RegularSeptemberthroughHall21.shouldyoucallifyouopera?241-2742.B.381-3300.D.22.youconcertbyChamberOrchestra?1

February.May.C.August.November导入范例主大意（查找、归纳法）解题Amotherwasforawalkwithbabiesfoundcatabush.watchedthecatwatchedthemousebarkedfiercely,Thecatwasfrightenedthatitranforit'slife.mousetoherbabiesandaid,doyouunderstandofasecondlanguage?Whatstoryabout?Ittoforeign第一部分：ReadingStrategies:Scanning阅读策略：细节理解（扫读法）解题Scanningistoforinformationyouwanttoinreading.Toscanisreadveryquicklyintoget（定的piecesofinformation.Forinstance,youtogetinformationtime,names,andscan,whatinformationarelookingfor,thinkabouttheittake.Thenyouwhereyouneedtolookfindinformationwant.Andfinally,youreyesaspossibledownuntilyoufindtheyoureaditcarefully.need,readingfurther.扫读是一种快阅读法的为了获得特定信息些息可以是时间称地点和数据等。扫读前，先要确定代要寻找的信息，想想它们会以什么形式出现，再决定到文章的哪一部分去。然后就快速移动目光，直到找到所需信息，仔细阅读这一部分就可以了，没有必要往下读。阅读实录：先题目：21.JamesBrindley?.B.November7.D.22.WhatthetopicofinFebruary?ThePioneers.B.fortheC.EyotsAits-ThamesIslandsD.UpdateontheCanals23.WhowilltalkonintheMirandaMalcolmChrisLewisD.LizPayne在应用扫读法策略在文章找到关键点：2

CanalOurstartontheThursdayofeachmonthAugust.Admissionisatchargesyoudon’ttobook.Theyendaround21:00.7byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisoneofearlycanalengineers.HealsoamajorintrainingothersinthecanalChrisLewiswillBrindleyacontributiontotheeducationofgroupofearly“civilengineers”.December5forbyMalcolmWellarrivaloffreezers,ademandforiceforfoodcatering,Malcolmwillexplainofimportingnaturalicethetechnologyofbuildingwells,andhowLondon’sicetradeAnbyLizTheCanalisTheThamesandSevernwilltakelittlelonger.Wewillpresentstateofplay.March6Aits-ThamesIslands,byVickers.TheThamesMirandahasundertakenareviewofallofthem.Shewillaboutthoseofgreatestinterest.Onlinebookings:.uk/bookMoreinto:.uk/whatsonEnglishtecLondonCanal12-13WharfLondonNI9RT771308363

第二部分：阅读策略：主大意（查找、归纳法）解题一篇文章一般达个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常一个句来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情、人物特征、写作特点的能力。一般说来说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一的解释、说明、论证或拓展。常见的主旨大意题的考查形式：The____.ThegeneralpurposebesttitlefortheThismainlystoryof____.oftext?ThesubjectinthistextisdoesthesecondThedealswithinthetext?主旨大意范例theandmoreThepopulationrising,worldcrowded.WeareusinguptooquicklyandatsamewearepollutingourwithTheof________.poor,alsosayarehappy,becauseyouhaveelsebewithmoney.withdifficulties,sayloudlyyouarehappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.SosayyouareThetopicsentenceofis________________peoplelikepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavehobbies,andfact,differentfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.herhobbyreadingallkindsoflovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisTheof________.greenfad(时)foralotofthesedays.thatgoodbad,wecantreallysay,butfortheofus,greennotabutalifestyle.OnApril22,gogreeneverysingledayformeantdoingdifferentthings,anditourselvesbeyondthings.thanreduceourhad3654

thingstoandeasytask.WhatmightbethebestfortheA．Green.BC．DOurGreen自需要归纳总结类的主旨类阅读理解’satit,IthoughtImightonlypersonleftintheworld’tanIdecidedtrymyatonline网拍).Buyingforonwww.Mostitems(e.g.books)forwillcomewithaashortdescription;markedItNowaprice.YoucanrightIftheitemisauctioned,youthehighestpriceyouaretopaybids(出)foryou.bidwilllittleuntilitbeyondhighestbid,youemailedifyouwouldlikebidagain.last10daysanemailtellingyouwhethertheitem.HowSellersdecidehowtheywouldliketopaidtocheckbeforeplacingabidasmightwantpostorpostalorders.TheeasiestisPayPal,paymentsystemmoneyyourcredit信用)Sellingsimple:IftooneBay,ithelpsofitem.ImyadviceandputitemsIwantedtosellfor10-daystarringaThursday.buyerstwoweekendstobid.Thebigthingsinlife:It'easytoitem,furnitureisbigandhascollectedorsentdeliverymen.CheekwaysofWhatthepassageabout?A.tomakeB.deliveryC.ofansystem.D.Howuseanonline-auctionsystem.第三部分旨类题归纳总结(一)经验总结握逻辑结构这方面的能力对于阅读议论文或说明文尤为重要，在此类文章中常用某细节来引出题目从而进行议论，在议论的过程中可能会出现一些论据或细节描述，这分常被设置为此类试题的干扰项。找准主题句，主题句通常在文章句首，句中或句末，主题句表达中心思想，起主导作用，阅读时要对容易出主题句的地方特别注意。(二)主旨大意题的错误选项有一下特点：1.以偏盖全。只是局部信息或者是一句没有展开论述的话。2.过于笼统。即归纳的主题太宽泛，与细节脱节或者是没有对细节加以充分论述。把点强加于作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。4.无关信息，即在文章中没有提到或者是找不到语言依据的信息。5

当堂检测反馈：细节理（读）题典应用ChooseTour—Bath&includingentrancefees—26Marchthereafter.VisitthecitywithoveryearsofhistorytheRoyalCrescenttheCostumeMuseum.Stonehengeoneofworld’smostfamousprehistoricmonumentsdatingoveryears.TourB—&includingentrancefeestoUniversityStMary’sTowerHathaway'shouse—32until12March36thereafter.Oxford:IncludesaguidedtourEngland’soldestuniversitycolleges.Lookoverthe“cityofdreamingspires()”formStMaryChurchTower.Stratford:IncludesaguidedexploringoftheTour—Castle&HamptonCourtentrancefeesHamptonPalace--34until11thereafter.IncludesguidedtourofWindsorandHamptonVIIIfavouritepalaceEnglishtec.visitCastlefeesincluded.WithHamptonCourtthehomeKingsoneQueen.Nowthisformerpalaceopenpublicmajorattraction.thevarioushistoricgardens,whichfamousmaze()whereitis6

Tour—entranceSaintMarytheGreat—331837IncludesCambridge,theuniversityand18thWhichtourwillifwantuniversitycity?A.B.C.TourTourD.Whichofthefollowingchargesthelowest17March?WindsorCastle&B.Oxford&Stratford.C.D.Cambridge.WhyCourtmajorattraction?Itbetheofroyalfamilies.Ittobeawell-knownmaze.C.ItisoldestpalaceinItisaworld-famous主旨大（找归法解题经应whoalltimeworstatdoinganewresearchsuggests.findings,basedonperformancesself-evaluationby275indicatethatmultitaskoutofdesiretoproductivity,buteasily分)andcanfocusononeactivity.And“thosepeopleturntotheworstathandlingdifferentthings,”saidDavidSanbonmatsu,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah.Sanbonmatsuasetofandaskedthemtooftenmultitasked,howgoodthoughtwereatsensation-seeking(寻求刺)or(冲theywere.thenevaluatedtheparticipants’multitaskingabilitywithatrickymentaltaskthestudentsdowhilerememberingletters.Notsurprisingly,thescientistssaid,wereatthoughttheybetteratitweremorelikelytousinga7

cellphonewhileormultiplekindsofatButfrequentlydealwithmanythesameperformtheatmultitaskingalsoweretotoandimpulsivewhichconnectswithhowboredanddistracted.“multitaskbecauseitgoingleadtogreaterproductivity,butbecausethey’redistractible,andtheygetsuckedintothingsareasimportant.”Sanbonmatsusaid.aattheofFrancisco,notmemberoftheresearchgroup,saidonelimitationofthestudywasthatcouldnfindoutpeoplewhostartoutlessfocusedtowardmultitaskingwhetherpeoplerecognizingunderstandingThefindingsdosuggest,whysensation-seekerwhomultitasktheenjoyriskydistracteddriving.“Peoplewhoaremultitaskingaregenerallylesssensitivetoriskysituations.saidPaulAtchley,anotherresearchernotinthegroup.“Thispartlyexplainwhypeopleinthesesituationsthoughthey’redangerous.67.researchindicatesthatmultitask________.highproductivityconstantlyhandlingdifferentwhengettingC.morewhendoingthingsatatimepoorestindoingthingsatthesame68.theirtheyassessedabilityevaluatedacademicC.analyzedtheeffectsoftheparticipants’trickymentaltasksD.measuredthechangesofstudentsunderstandingability69.AccordingtoSanbonmatsu,multitaskbecauseoftheir__________.limitedpowerincalculationB.intereststhingsdifferentlyC.inabilitytoconcentrateonD.to70.Fromtheparagraph,welearnthatmultitaskersusually__________.veryskillfullyinforC.failreactdangersreasonsfor8

高三英语阅读理解细节理解（扫读法）解题、主旨大意（查找、归纳法）解题高三英语阅读理解细节理解（扫读法）解题、主旨大意（查找、归纳法）解题参考答案：导入：高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求：阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获相关信息。考生应能）理解旨要义2理文具体信息）根上文断词短的含义）做出判和理5理解章的基本构6理作的图、点态。高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：细理题推判断题词猜题主旨大意。读理解的考题分为客观理解题（文章中客观存在的事实，客观题的答案一般都可以在原文中找中具事实或者抽象概念解Opinions）（这类问题不可能直接从文中找到答案，需要通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深的理解，并据此进行断和推理今天主要处理的是细节理解（扫读法）解题、主旨大意（归纳法）解题。导入范例1首先要学会区分Facts&Opinionsdistinguishfactsfromopinions均为第一个是事实Facts第个是观点Opinions导入范例细理解（扫读法）解题AMusicOperaMusicHall：1243ElmStreet.TheJunethroughwithperformancesMarchSeptember．themembershipdiscounts.：241-2742..ChamberplaysatMemorialHallatElmStreet,offersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.CallforOrchestra:AtMusicHallandRiverbend.381-3300.RegularSeptemberthroughHallatRiverbend.9

21.shouldyoucallifyouopera?241-2742.

723-1182.381-3300.232-6220.22.youconcertbyChamberOrchestra?B.May.．21-22导入范例主大意（查找、归纳法）解题Amotherwasforawalkwithbabiesfoundcatabush.watchedthecatwatchedthemousebarkedfiercely,Thecatwasfrightenedthatitranforit'slife.mousetoherbabiesandsaid,doyouunderstandofasecondlanguage?Whatstoryabout?Ittoforeign课堂实录：第一部分Reading阅策略：细节理解（扫读法）解题Strategies:ScanningScanningistoforinformationyouwanttoinreading.Toscanisreadveryquicklyintoget（定的piecesofinformation.Forinstance,youtogetinformationtime,names,andscan,whatinformationarelookingfor,thinkabouttheittake.Thenyouwhereyouneedtolookfindinformationwant.Andfinally,youreyesaspossibledownuntilyoufindtheyoureaditcarefully.need,readingfurther.扫读是一种快阅读法的为了获得特定信息些息可以是时间称地点和数据等。扫读前，先要确定代要寻找的信息，想想它们会以什么形式出现，再决定到文章的哪一部分去。然后就快速移动目光，直到找到所需信息，仔细阅读这一部分就可以了，没有必要往下读。阅读实录：先题目：21.WhenistalkonJamesBrindley?.B.November7.D.22.WhatofinFebruary?ThePioneers.B.fortheC.EyotsAits-ThamesIslandsD.UpdateontheCanals23.willgiveontheislandsintheThames.MirandaMalcolmChrisLewisD.LizPayne10

在应用扫读法策略在文章中找到关键点：CanalOurstartontheThursdayofeachmonthAugust.Admissionisatchargesyoudon’ttobook.Theyendaround21:00.7byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisoneofearlycanalengineers.HealsoamajorintrainingothersinthecanalChrisLewiswillBrindleyacontributiontotheeducationofgroupofearly“civilengineers”.December5forbyMalcolmWellarrivaloffreezers,ademandforiceforfoodcatering,Malcolmwillexplainofimportingnaturaliceandthetechnologyofbuildingicewells,andhowLondon’sicetradeAnbyLizTheCanalisTheThamesandSevernwilltakelittlelonger.Wewillpresentstateofplay.March6Aits-ThamesIslands,byVickers.TheThamesMirandahasundertakenareviewofallofthem.Shewillaboutthoseofgreatestinterest.Onlinebookings:.uk/bookMoreinto:.uk/whatsonLondonCanal12-13WharfLondonNI9RT.ukwww.canalmuseum.mobi11

77130836【答案】21.C22.D23.A21.C细理解题文第二段第二句JamesBrindleyrecognizedasoneearlycanal所应的日期November。选C。22.D细理解题。根据文章第四段February中第一句UpdateCanals,LizPayne.TheCanalistowardsreopening.以得出答案。故选。23.A细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句Aits-byMirandaVickers.以知道做报告的人是。选A。考点：广告布告类短文阅读译文：伦敦运河博物馆每月谈每月的第一个星期四晚上举办每月讲谈八除外门票如常无预约。约结。月运河先锋，主讲人克里斯·路易斯。詹姆斯·布林德利被认为是早期运河工程师的主力之一，也是给其他人训运河规划和建造艺术的主要人物。克里斯·路易斯将阐释布林德利如何为教育早期土木工程师”群体做出了积极贡献。月5日供应大都市的冰，主讲人尔科姆·塔克。早在冰箱到来之前，食物保存和餐饮业都要靠冰。马尔科姆将阐释进自然冰的历史和冰井建造技术，以及伦敦冰业贸易的发展。6科茨沃尔德运河新面貌讲人莉兹佩恩特德瓦特运河即将重新投入运营，泰晤士和塞汶运河还需等阵子。我们将针对目前进展做一次报告。6小岛和沙洲—泰晤岛，主讲人米兰达·维克斯。泰晤士有众多小岛，米兰达对所有小岛都有了解，她向我们讲述其中最受欢迎的岛。在线预约：12

更多信息：伦敦运河博物馆伦敦新码头路号，邮编NIwww.canalmuseum.mobi电话：0200836第二部分：阅读策略：主大意（查找、归纳法）解题一篇文章一般达个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常一个句来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情、人物特征、写作特点的能力。一般说来说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一的解释、说明、论证或拓展。常见的主旨大意题的考查形式：The____.ThegeneralpurposebesttitlefortheThismainlystoryof____.oftext?ThesubjectinthistextisdoesthesecondThedealswithinthetext?范例theandmoreThepopulationrising,worldcrowded.WeareusinguptooquicklyandatsamewearepollutingourwithTheof_____Todaythemorepoor,alsosayarehappy,becauseyouhaveelsebewithmoney.withdifficulties,sayloudlyyouarehappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.SosayyouareThetopicsentenceofis___saypeoplelikepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavehobbies,13

andIndifferentpeoplehavedifferentfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.herhobbyreadingallkindsoflovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisTheofdifferentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies._greenfad(时)foralotofthesedays.thatgoodbad,wecantreallysay,butfortheofus,greennotabutalifestyle.OnApril22,gogreeneverysingledayformeantdoingdifferentthings,anditourselvesbeyondthings.thanreduceourhad365thingstoandeasytask.WhatmightbethebestfortheA．Green.BC．DOurGreen答案解析：主旨大意题。据本文叙述了一家人环保生活的经历和效果，文章出现了出现了多次goinggreen，点名的主题，故选A。自需要归纳总结类的主旨类阅读理解’satit,IthoughtImightonlypersonleftintheworld’tanIdecidedtrymyatonline网拍).Buyingforonwww.Mostitems(e.g.books)forwillcomewithaashortdescription;markedItNowaprice.YoucanrightIftheitemisauctioned,offerthehighestpriceyouandbids(出)foryou.bidwilllittleuntilitbeyondhighestbid,youemailedifyouwouldlikebidagain.last10daysanemailtellingyouwhethertheitem.HowSellersdecidehowtheywouldliketopaidtocheckbeforeplacingabidasmightwantpostorpostalorders.TheeasiestisPayPal,paymentsystemmoneyyourcredit信用)Sellingsimple:IftooneBay,ithelpsofitem.ImyadviceandputitemsIwantedtosellfor10-daystarringaThursday.buyerstwoweekendstobid.Thebigthingsinlife:It'easytoitem,furnitureisbigandhascollectedorsentdeliverymen.CheekwaysofWhatpassagemainlyA.Howtoonline.B.deliveryonlineC.Advantagesonline-auctiontouseonline-auction14

【点津】D本题考察考生对文章主旨要义的理解能力。四个选项均涉及到有关短文内容，但是通过比较其核概念，会发现A选为支付段，B选项为交货方式，选项为系统优势D选为使用方法。由此可见ABC三选项都只涉及了短文部分内容具备概括全的作用D选包含所有内容能够全面概括出短文的主旨要义。C项由于说话方式本身具有概括意味，具有一定的干扰。第三部分旨类题归纳总结(一)经验总结1.把握逻辑结构提高这方面的能力对于阅读议论文或说明文尤为重要此文章中常用某个细节来引出题从而进行议论，在议论的过程中可能会出现一些论据或细节描述，这部分常被设置为类试题的干扰项。找准主题句，主题句通常在文章句首，句中或句末，主题句表达中心思想，起主导作用，阅读时要对容易出主题句的地方特别注意。(二)主旨大意题的错误选项有一下特点：1.以偏盖全。只是局部信息或者是一句没有展开论述的话。2.过于笼统。即归纳的主题太宽泛，与细节脱节或者是没有对细节加以充分论述。把点强加于作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。4.无关信息，即在文章中没有提到或者是找不到语言依据的信息。当堂检测反馈：细节理（读）题典应用ChooseTour—&StonehengeEnglishtecincludingentrancefeestotheancientStonehenge—37until26Marchandthereafter.Visitthecitywith2,000yearsofhistorytheandtheCostumeMuseum.Stonehengeoneofworld’smostfamousprehistoricmonumentsdatingoveryears.TourB—&includingentrancefeestotheUniversityStMary’sTowerHathaway'shouse—32until12March36thereafter.15

Oxford:IncludesaguidedtourEngland’soldestuniversitycolleges.Lookoverthe“cityofdreamingspires()”formStMaryChurchTower.Stratford:IncludesaguidedexploringoftheTour—Castle&HamptonCourtentrancefeesHamptonPalace--34until11thereafter.IncludesaguidedtourofWindsorandHamptonCourt,HenryVIII’sfavouritepalace.FreetimevisitCastlefeesWithofHamptonhomeoffourandNowroyalpalaceopentheasamajortouristattraction.Visittheanditsvarioushistoricwhichincludethe)iteasyTour—entranceSaintMarytheGreat—331837IncludesCambridge,theuniversityand18thWhichtourwillifwantuniversitycity?A.

TourC.TourTourD.Whichofthefollowingchargesthelowest17March?WindsorCastle&B.Oxford&Stratford.C.

Cambridge.16

WhyCourtmajorattraction?Itbetheofroyalfamilies.Ittobeawell-knownmaze.C.ItisoldestpalaceinItisaworld-famous主旨大（找归法解题经应whoalltimeworstatdoinganewresearchsuggests.findings,basedonperformancesself-evaluationby275collegeindicatethatmultitaskoutofdesiretoproductivity,buteasily分)andcanfocusononeactivity.And“thosepeopleturntotheworstathandlingdifferentthings,”saidaSanbonmatsuasetofandaskedthemtooftenmultitasked,howgoodthoughtwereatsensation-seeking(寻求刺)or(冲)thenthesmultitaskingabilitywithatrickymentaltaskthestudentsdowhilerememberingletters.Notsurprisingly,thescientistssaid,wereatthoughttheybett