2021年山东省潍坊市中考英语真题（含详解）

PAGE2021年山东省潍坊市中考英语试卷一、阅读理解（共4小题；每小题6分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。1．Alex：Lookatthatguyoverthere.Dave：Whatabouthim？Alex：That'sTonySmith.Dave：Oh，Tony.That'sright.Hegoestoballet（芭蕾舞）classes.Alex：Yeah，that'sweird!Aboy!Doingballet!Dave：Hey.Tony.Doyouwanttoplayfootballwithus？Alex：Orareyouworriedaboutyourprettylittledancingfeet？Dave：Alex，shutup!Don'tlistentohim，Tony，he'sstupid!Tony：Youknow，Alex，Ilikeplayingfootball.And，no，I'mnotworriedaboutmyfeet.Alex：Oh，yeah？Butdoingballet...Tony：Ilikeballet.It'snotmyproblemifyoudon'tlikeit!Alex：Well，Imean，it'sdifferent，isn'tit？Foraboy...Tony：Sowhat？（1）Theunderlinedword"weird"inPicture2hasthesimilarmeaningto.A.awfulB.strangeC.fantasticD.interesting（2）InAlex'sopinion，.A.DaveisdifferentB.balletisonlyforgirlsC.footballisonlyforboysD.Tonyisworriedabouthisfeet（3）Thethreeboysaremainlytalkingabout.A.dancesB.sportsC.hobbiesD.classes2．（8分）The6﹣year﹣oldgirl，Ruby，livedinNewOrleans，Louisiana..Shewassupposedtogotoschoolclosetoherhome.Butallthestudentsinthatschoolwerewhite.Rubywasblack.Schoolleadersdidn'twanttoaccepther，sotheymadeRubytakeahardexamandhopedshewouldfail.ButRubywassosmartthatshepassedthetesteasilyandwasfinallyallowedtogototheschool.Rubywasexcitedabouthernewschool.Butwhensheandhermomarrivedonherfirstday，shesawacrowdofangrypeopleshoutingverycruelthingsatthegate.Theydidnotwantablackchildtoattendtheschool."Ihadnoideawhatwashappening，"rememberedRuby.Shethoughtthecrowdwascelebratingsomething.Eachday.Rubywenttoschoolwithfourpoliceofficerswhoworkedforthenationalgovernmenttoprotecther.ThesightofthissmallgirlwithherbigbodyguardsmovedtheartistNormanRockwell.HecreatedapaintingofRuby.HecalleditTheProblemWeAllLiveWith"，Itbecameaveryfamouspainting.Rubygrewuptobeacivilrightsactivist.Sheworkedtoprotecttherightsgiventoallcitizensbythegovernment.SheevenwenttotheWhiteHousetomeetPresidentBarackObama.TheylookedatMr.Rockwell'spainting.IthungoutsidetheOvalOffice."Weshouldneverjudgeapersonbythecoloroftheirskin，"Rubysaid."That'sthelessonIlearnedinfirstgrade."（1）HowcouldRubygetthechancetogototheschool？A.Bymeetingthepresident.B.Bypassingadifficultexam.C.Byvisitingtheschoolleaders.D.Byaskingforhelpfromthegovernment.（2）Whatwasthecrowdprobablyshoutingattheschoolgate？A.Noseatsforblack!B.Congratulations!C.Letherin!D.Welcome!（3）WhydidMr.Rockwellcreatethepainting？A.TocelebrateRuby'ssuccess.B.Topresenthispaintingskills.C.Topraisethefourpoliceofficers.D.ToshowtheserioussocialproblemintheUS.（4）WhatlessondidRubylearninfirstgrade？A.Fightforyourrights.B.Intelligence（智商）isvaluable.C.Treatpeopleofdifferentcolorsequally（平等地）.D.Gethelpfromthepolicewhenintrouble.3．（8分）Everythingismadeofsomething.Nothingismadeofnothing.Chemistryisaboutthesmallestthingsthatotherbiggerthingsaremadeof，andwhathappenswhentheychange.Thewordchemistrycomesfromchemical，whichisanexampleofonetypeoftheverysmallthingsthatotherbiggerthingsaremadeof.Thewordsyouarereadingnowaremadeofadarkliquidcalledink（墨水），whichiswrittenonpaper.Thepaperitselfismadeoutofthechemicalsthatwoodismadeoutof.Boththeinkandthepaperweremadebydifferentchemicalprocesses.Achemicalprocessiswhathappenswhenchemicalscometogethertomakeotherchemicals，andthereforeotherthings.Cookingmakeschemicalchanges.Yourdifferentingredientsaremadeofdifferentchemicals，andwhenyouputthemtogetherandmakethemhotandcookthem，thechemicalschangeintonewchemicalsandthedifferentingredientsmakesomethingnew.Thattomatosauceyou'remakingismadeoftomatoes，onions，garlic，saltandpepper.Thoseingredientseachhavetheirownchemicalsandtheirownflavors，butnowwithyoursauceyou'vemadesomethingdifferent，somethingthathasitsownflavor，alltheingredientsmixedtogether，allthechemicalsmixedtogether，somethingnew.Youcansmellthechemicalchanges，too，astheygoupintoyournose，especiallywhenyouforgetaboutyoursauceanditdoesn'tjustcookbutbumsandbecomesblackandhasareallybadflavor.Youcan'tmakeitbetter，either，becauseoncechemicalschange，theycan'tbechangedbackagain.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph2referto？A.Chemistry.B.Chemical.C.Thesmallestthings.D.Thebiggerthings.（2）Whatisachemicalprocess？A.Inkiswrittenonpaper.B.Paperismadeoutofwood.C.Everythingismadeofsomething.D.Thingsmixedtogetherproducesomethingnew.（3）WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout？A.Howtomaketomatosauce.B.Whattousetoformnewthings.C.Ingredientsandtheirownflavors.D.Chemicalchangesincookingfood.（4）Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext？A.Whatchemistryislike.B.Chemistrychangeseverything.C.Wherethewordchemistrycomesfrom.D.Achemicalprocessiscalledchemistry.4．（8分）Everytimeyou'reonline，youarebombarded（如炮轰）bypictures，articles，linksandvideostryingtotelltheirstory.（1）Readthesetips，anddon'tgetfooledbyfakenews!1.Checkthesource（来源）（2）Doesitlookreal？Isthetextwellwritten？Fakenewswebsitesoftenuseaddressesthatsoundlikerealnewspapers，butdon'thavemanyrealstoriesaboutothertopics.2.WatchoutforfakephotosManyfakenewsstoriesuseimages（图像）thatarePhotoshoppedortakenfromanunrelatedsite.Sometimes，ifyoujustlookcloselyatanimage，youcanseeifithasbeenchanged.OruseatoollikeGoogleReverseImagesearch.3.（3）Looktoseeifthestoryyouarereadingisonothernewssitesthatyouknowandtrust.Ifyoudofinditonmanyothersites，thenitprobablyisn'tfake（althoughtherearesomeexceptions）.4.LookforothersignsThereareothermethodsthatfakenewsuses.TheseincludeusingALLCAPS（全大写）andlotsofadsthatcomeoutwhenyouclickonalink.（4）Ifthenewsstorymakesyouangry，it'sprobablydesignedtomakeyouangry.Ifyouknowthesethingsaboutonlinenews，andcanusetheminyoureverydaylife，thenyouhavethecontroloverwhattoreadandwhattobelieve.Ifyoufindanewsstorythatyouknowisfake，themostimportantadviceis：don'tshareit!根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。A.Checkthestoryisinotherplaces.B.Unluckily，notallofthesestoriesaretrue.C.Fakenewsstoriesoftenspreadmuchfaster.D.Also，thinkabouthowthestorymakesyoufeel.E.Lookatthewebsitewherethestorycomesfrom.二、语言知识运用（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。5．（10分）Spacesuitsdon'tjustmakeastronautslookcool.Withoutthese（1）suits，astronautswouldn'tbeabletoleavetheirspaceship.Thatistosay，theywouldn'tbeableto（2）ontheMoonorworkoutsidetheInternationalSpaceStation.Spaceisa（3）placeforhumanbeings.Firstly，thereisnoairtobreathe.Secondly，spacealsohashighlevelsofradiation（辐射），energythatcanpassthroughourbodiesandmakeus（4）.Thirdly，somepartsofspacearereallycold（5）otherpartsareveryhot.Soastronautscoulddieinjustafewsecondsifthey（6）outsidetheirspaceshipwithouttheirsuits.Withaspacesuit，though，astronautscanmovearoundinspaceforseveralhours.Spacesuitskeepastronauts（7）sealed（密封的）inside.AbackpacksendsO2intoletastronautsbreathenormally.Atthesametime，theCO2（8）astronautsbreatheoutissuckedaway.Thesuitalsoprotectsthemfromharmfulradiationandfast﹣movingspacedust.（9）thespacesuitisanothersuitthatlookslikeapairoftightpajamas（睡衣）withlittlepipesrunningthroughthem.Waterrunsthroughthesepipesto（10）astronautsbecausewearingaspacesuitcanmakeastronautsveryhot!（1）A.privateB.specialC.plasticD.expensive（2）A.runB.walkC.liveD.surf（3）A.funnyB.naturalC.beautifulD.dangerous（4）A.sickB.boredC.strongD.relaxed（5）A.afterB.sinceC.beforeD.while（6）A.rushedB.jumpedC.steppedD.escaped（7）A.safelyB.quicklyC.quietlyD.terribly（8）A.whoB.thisC.thatD.whether（9）A.AboveB.UnderC.BehindD.Between（10）A.washawayB.warmupC.cooloffD.cleanout阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。6．（10分）Iknewthatmyfather'saunt，BetseyTrotwood，livedsomewherenearDover，soIdecidedtolookforher.Ihadtowalkthereandthejourneytooksixlongdays.WhenIgottoDover，Iaskedafewpeopleandtheytoldmewhere（1）（go）.WhenMissBetseysawme，sheshouted：Goaway!Don'twalkonmygrass!""Please，madam，"Isaidbravely，"please，AuntBetsey...""What!"shecried，（2）（look）atmeingreatsurprise."Please，AuntBetsey，I'myournephewDavidCopperfield.YoucameonthenightIwasbornandsawmydearmother.Mylife（3）（be）verymiserablesinceshedied.MystepfathersentmetoworkinLondonandIhateditandranaway.ThensomeonestolemymoneyandIhadtowalk..."Ifeltweakandsuddenlyfelltotheground.Myauntpickedmeupandtookmeintohersittingroom.WhileI（4）（eat），myauntaskedmealotofquestions.Iwastiredafterthelongday.SoonIfellasleepinawarm，（5）（comfort）bed.Severaldays（6）（late）mystepfather，Mr.Murdstonearrived."Davidisaverybadboy，violentandlazy，maybethe（7）（bad）boyintheworld，"hesaid（8）（angry）."WefoundhimagoodjobinLondonbutheranaway.Nowhemust（9）（punish）!"AuntBetseylistenedtohimcarefullyand（10）（reply），"Idon'tbelieveawordyousay.Iknowyou'vebeencrueltothisboyandhispoormother.I'lllookafterDavidfromnowon.Nowgetoutofhere!"三、翻译句子（共4小题；每小题1.5分，满分6.0分）用括号内所给的词或短语，将下列句子翻译成英语。7．（1.5分）浪费这么好吃的食物真是可惜。（waste，such）8．（1.5分）袁隆平被誉为"杂交水稻（hybridrice）之父"。（name）9．（1.5分）昨天经过讨论，我们才知道如何解决这个问题。（not...until...）10．（1.5分）中国的祝融号火星探测器（Zhurongrover）已经成功登陆火星（Mars）。（landon）四、阅读表达（共5小題；满分9分。其中第1小題1分，其余每小题9分）阅读下面的短文，根据短文后的要求答題。11．（9分）Long，longago，therelivedanunhappyking.Hesleptbadlyanddidn'tfeellikeeating.Oneday，adoctorwascalledintoexaminetheking.Buthefoundnothingwrongwithhisbody."It'sallinhismind.Neithermedicinenorrestcanhelphim.Whatheneedsistheshirtofahappypersontowear.That'llmakehimhappy."Theprimeministerwascalledtothepalace.Buthesaidthat_____hehadalotofpower，itdidn'tmakehimhappy.Healwaysworriedthatmanypeopleweretryingtotakehisposition.Thenthebankercame."Oh，I'mafraidI'mnothappy，either，"hesaid，"Ihavealotofwealth，butIfeelnervouswhenIthinksomeonetriestostealmymoneyeveryday."Finally，thetopgeneralwastoldtogooutandfindahappymaninthreedays.Hesearchedandsearchedbutcouldn'tfindanyone.Itseemedthateveryonehadtheirownproblems，andnoonewastrulyhappy.Twodayspassed.Justashewasabouttogiveup，hesawapoormanonthestreeteatingwithhishandsandsinginghappilytohimself.Thegeneralwentuptohimandasked，"Whatmakesyousohappy？Youhavenopower.moneyorfame."Thepoormansmiled，"IhaveeverythingIwant，andIdon'twantwhatIcan'thave.SoI'mhappy.""Great!YouaretheverymanI'mlookingfor，"thegeneralsaidingreatjoy."ThenIneedtogiveyourshirttoourking.Howmuchdoyouwantforit？""Shirt？I'venoshirtatall."（1）Whatwaswrongwiththeking？（根据短文内容回答问题）（2）FillintheblankinParagraph2withaproperword.（在第二段空白处填入一个恰当的词，使句意完整）（3）Accordingtothepassage，boththeprimeministerandthebankerfeltunhappybecausetheyalwaysworriedaboutwhattheyhadgot.（在句子空白处填入一个恰当的词，使句意完整，语法正确）（4）Whywasithardforthegeneraltofindahappyman？（根据短文内容回答问题）（5）TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（将文中划线句子翻译成汉语）五、写作（满分15分）12．（15分）TeensAroundtheWorld是一个国际青少年网站，近日有人发帖，讨论"发现生活中的小欢喜"。假设你是李华，请结合自己的生活体会，用英语跟帖。注意：1.不要出现考生本人信息；2.80词左右。TeensAroundtheWorldSubject：DiscoverthelittlehappinessindailylifeHey，guys!Thesedaysmanyteenagerssaytheynearlyforgethowtosmile.Infact，littlehappinessiseverywhereinourdailylife.Trytothinkaboutonethingthatmakesyoufeelhappy.Whathappenedandwhatdidyoudoatthatmoment？Pleaseshareyourstorywithus.Emily，England____________________LiHua，China一、阅读理解（共4小题；每小题6分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。1．Alex：Lookatthatguyoverthere.Dave：Whatabouthim？Alex：That'sTonySmith.Dave：Oh，Tony.That'sright.Hegoestoballet（芭蕾舞）classes.Alex：Yeah，that'sweird!Aboy!Doingballet!Dave：Hey.Tony.Doyouwanttoplayfootballwithus？Alex：Orareyouworriedaboutyourprettylittledancingfeet？Dave：Alex，shutup!Don'tlistentohim，Tony，he'sstupid!Tony：Youknow，Alex，Ilikeplayingfootball.And，no，I'mnotworriedaboutmyfeet.Alex：Oh，yeah？Butdoingballet...Tony：Ilikeballet.It'snotmyproblemifyoudon'tlikeit!Alex：Well，Imean，it'sdifferent，isn'tit？Foraboy...Tony：Sowhat？（1）Theunderlinedword"weird"inPicture2hasthesimilarmeaningto.A.awfulB.strangeC.fantasticD.interesting（2）InAlex'sopinion，.A.DaveisdifferentB.balletisonlyforgirlsC.footballisonlyforboysD.Tonyisworriedabouthisfeet（3）ThethreeboysaremainlytalkingaboutC.A.dancesB.sportsC.hobbiesD.classes【分析】文章讲了三个男孩主要在谈论爱好。【解答】（1）B.词义猜测题。根据Alex：Yeah，that'sweird!Aboy!Doingballet!可知，亚历克斯：是啊，真奇怪！一个男孩！跳芭蕾！所以图2中带下划线的单词"weird"的意思与strange奇怪相似。故选B.（2）B.细节理解题。根据Alex：Yeah，that'sweird!Aboy!Doingballet!可知，亚历克斯：是啊，真奇怪！一个男孩！跳芭蕾！所以在亚历克斯看来芭蕾舞只适合女孩。故选D.（3）C.细节推理题。根据Alex：Yeah，that'sweird!Aboy!Doingballet!Dave：Hey.Tony.Doyouwanttoplayfootballwithus？Alex：Orareyouworriedaboutyourprettylittledancingfeet？Dave：Alex，shutup!Don'tlistentohim，Tony，he'sstupid!Tony：Youknow，Alex，Ilikeplayingfootball.And，no，I'mnotworriedaboutmyfeet.Alex：Oh，yeah？Butdoingballet...可知亚历克斯：是啊，真奇怪！一个男孩！跳芭蕾！戴夫：嘿，托尼。你想和我们一起踢足球吗？亚历克斯：还是你担心你那可爱的舞步。戴夫：亚历克斯，闭嘴！别听他的，托尼，他很蠢！托尼：你知道，亚历克斯，我喜欢踢足球。而且，不，我不担心我的脚。亚历克斯：哦，是吗？但是跳芭蕾……。所以这三个男孩主要在谈论爱好。故选C.【点评】做阅读题，先浏览文章把握大意，然后根据选项中提供的关键词去文中寻找答案。2．（8分）The6﹣year﹣oldgirl，Ruby，livedinNewOrleans，Louisiana..Shewassupposedtogotoschoolclosetoherhome.Butallthestudentsinthatschoolwerewhite.Rubywasblack.Schoolleadersdidn'twanttoaccepther，sotheymadeRubytakeahardexamandhopedshewouldfail.ButRubywassosmartthatshepassedthetesteasilyandwasfinallyallowedtogototheschool.Rubywasexcitedabouthernewschool.Butwhensheandhermomarrivedonherfirstday，shesawacrowdofangrypeopleshoutingverycruelthingsatthegate.Theydidnotwantablackchildtoattendtheschool."Ihadnoideawhatwashappening，"rememberedRuby.Shethoughtthecrowdwascelebratingsomething.Eachday.Rubywenttoschoolwithfourpoliceofficerswhoworkedforthenationalgovernmenttoprotecther.ThesightofthissmallgirlwithherbigbodyguardsmovedtheartistNormanRockwell.HecreatedapaintingofRuby.HecalleditTheProblemWeAllLiveWith"，Itbecameaveryfamouspainting.Rubygrewuptobeacivilrightsactivist.Sheworkedtoprotecttherightsgiventoallcitizensbythegovernment.SheevenwenttotheWhiteHousetomeetPresidentBarackObama.TheylookedatMr.Rockwell'spainting.IthungoutsidetheOvalOffice."Weshouldneverjudgeapersonbythecoloroftheirskin，"Rubysaid."That'sthelessonIlearnedinfirstgrade."（1）HowcouldRubygetthechancetogototheschool？A.Bymeetingthepresident.B.Bypassingadifficultexam.C.Byvisitingtheschoolleaders.D.Byaskingforhelpfromthegovernment.（2）Whatwasthecrowdprobablyshoutingattheschoolgate？AA.Noseatsforblack!B.Congratulations!C.Letherin!D.Welcome!（3）WhydidMr.Rockwellcreatethepainting？DA.TocelebrateRuby'ssuccess.B.Topresenthispaintingskills.C.Topraisethefourpoliceofficers.D.ToshowtheserioussocialproblemintheUS.（4）WhatlessondidRubylearninfirstgrade？CA.Fightforyourrights.B.Intelligence（智商）isvaluable.C.Treatpeopleofdifferentcolorsequally（平等地）.D.Gethelpfromthepolicewhenintrouble.【分析】文章讲了美国严重的社会问题﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣种族歧视问题。【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据Rubywasblack.Schoolleadersdidn'twanttoaccepther，sotheymadeRubytakeahardexamandhopedshewouldfail.可知，鲁比是黑人。学校领导不想接受她，所以他们让鲁比参加了一次艰苦的考试，希望她能不及格。所以鲁比通过一次困难的考试才能有机会去上学。故选B.（2）A.细节推理题。根据Rubywasexcitedabouthernewschool.Butwhensheandhermomarrivedonherfirstday，shesawacrowdofangrypeopleshoutingverycruelthingsatthegate.Theydidnotwantablackchildtoattendtheschool.可知，鲁比对自己的新学校很兴奋。但当她和妈妈第一天到学校时，她看到一群愤怒的人在门口喊着非常残忍的话。他们不想让一个黑人孩子上学。所以可推测人群在学校门口可能在喊黑人没有座位！故选A.（3）D.推理判断题。根据Eachday.Rubywenttoschoolwithfourpoliceofficerswhoworkedforthenationalgovernmenttoprotecther.ThesightofthissmallgirlwithherbigbodyguardsmovedtheartistNormanRockwell.HecreatedapaintingofRuby.HecalleditTheProblemWeAllLiveWith"，Itbecameaveryfamouspainting.可知，每天，鲁比都和四名为国家政府工作的警察一起上学，他们保护她。看到这个小女孩和她的大保镖，艺术家诺曼·罗克韦尔感动了她。他创作了一幅鲁比的画。他称之为"我们共同生活的问题"，这幅画成了一幅非常有名的画。所以罗克韦尔先生要创作这幅画是为了显示美国严重的社会问题。故选D.（4）C.细节推理题。根据"Weshouldneverjudgeapersonbythecoloroftheirskin，"Rubysaid."That'sthelessonIlearnedinfirstgrade."可知鲁比说："我们决不能以肤色来判断一个人。"这是我一年级学到的一课。"所以鲁比在一年级上的课是平等地对待不同肤色的人。故选C.【点评】做阅读题，先浏览文章把握大意，然后根据选项中提供的关键词去文中寻找答案。3．（8分）Everythingismadeofsomething.Nothingismadeofnothing.Chemistryisaboutthesmallestthingsthatotherbiggerthingsaremadeof，andwhathappenswhentheychange.Thewordchemistrycomesfromchemical，whichisanexampleofonetypeoftheverysmallthingsthatotherbiggerthingsaremadeof.Thewordsyouarereadingnowaremadeofadarkliquidcalledink（墨水），whichiswrittenonpaper.Thepaperitselfismadeoutofthechemicalsthatwoodismadeoutof.Boththeinkandthepaperweremadebydifferentchemicalprocesses.Achemicalprocessiswhathappenswhenchemicalscometogethertomakeotherchemicals，andthereforeotherthings.Cookingmakeschemicalchanges.Yourdifferentingredientsaremadeofdifferentchemicals，andwhenyouputthemtogetherandmakethemhotandcookthem，thechemicalschangeintonewchemicalsandthedifferentingredientsmakesomethingnew.Thattomatosauceyou'remakingismadeoftomatoes，onions，garlic，saltandpepper.Thoseingredientseachhavetheirownchemicalsandtheirownflavors，butnowwithyoursauceyou'vemadesomethingdifferent，somethingthathasitsownflavor，alltheingredientsmixedtogether，allthechemicalsmixedtogether，somethingnew.Youcansmellthechemicalchanges，too，astheygoupintoyournose，especiallywhenyouforgetaboutyoursauceanditdoesn'tjustcookbutbumsandbecomesblackandhasareallybadflavor.Youcan'tmakeitbetter，either，becauseoncechemicalschange，theycan'tbechangedbackagain.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph2referto？CA.Chemistry.B.Chemical.C.Thesmallestthings.D.Thebiggerthings.（2）Whatisachemicalprocess？A.Inkiswrittenonpaper.B.Paperismadeoutofwood.C.Everythingismadeofsomething.D.Thingsmixedtogetherproducesomethingnew.（3）WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout？DA.Howtomaketomatosauce.B.Whattousetoformnewthings.C.Ingredientsandtheirownflavors.D.Chemicalchangesincookingfood.（4）Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext？DA.Whatchemistryislike.B.Chemistrychangeseverything.C.Wherethewordchemistrycomesfrom.D.Achemicalprocessiscalledchemistry.【分析】本文主要介绍了发生化学变化的过程叫做化学。【解答】（1）C.词义猜测题。根据Chemistryisaboutthesmallestthingsthatotherbiggerthingsaremadeof，andwhathappenswhentheychange.可知化学是关于其他更大的东西所组成的最小的东西，以及当它们改变时会发生什么。根据前后文含义以及结合选项可知，此处they指的是"最小的事物"，故选D.（2）B.细节理解题。根据Thepaperitselfismadeoutofthechemicalsthatwoodismadeoutof.可知纸张本身是由木材所用的化学物质制成的。故选B.（3）D.段落大意题。根据Cookingmakeschemicalchanges.Yourdifferentingredientsaremadeofdifferentchemicals，andwhenyouputthemtogetherandmakethemhotandcookthem，thechemicalschangeintonewchemicalsandthedifferentingredientsmakesomethingnew.可知烹调会产生化学变化。你的不同配料是由不同的化学物质组成的，当你把它们放在一起加热烹调时，化学物质会变成新的化学物质，不同的配料会产生新的东西。因此可知第三段主要介绍了烹饪食物中的化学变化。故选D.（4）D.标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据Chemistryisaboutthesmallestthingsthatotherbiggerthingsaremadeof，andwhathappenswhentheychange.Thewordchemistrycomesfromchemical，whichisanexampleofonetypeoftheverysmallthingsthatotherbiggerthingsaremadeof.化学是关于其他更大的东西组成的最小的东西，以及当它们改变时会发生什么。化学这个词来自化学，它是其他更大的东西组成的一种非常小的东西的一个例子。以及Achemicalprocessiswhathappenswhenchemicalscometogethertomakeotherchemicals，andthereforeotherthings.化学过程是指化学物质结合在一起形成其他化学物质，从而形成其他东西的过程。可知本文主要介绍了发生化学变化的过程叫做化学。所以标题为"Achemicalprocessiscalledchemistry."最为适合。故选D.【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。4．（8分）Everytimeyou'reonline，youarebombarded（如炮轰）bypictures，articles，linksandvideostryingtotelltheirstory.（1）Readthesetips，anddon'tgetfooledbyfakenews!1.Checkthesource（来源）（2）EDoesitlookreal？Isthetextwellwritten？Fakenewswebsitesoftenuseaddressesthatsoundlikerealnewspapers，butdon'thavemanyrealstoriesaboutothertopics.2.WatchoutforfakephotosManyfakenewsstoriesuseimages（图像）thatarePhotoshoppedortakenfromanunrelatedsite.Sometimes，ifyoujustlookcloselyatanimage，youcanseeifithasbeenchanged.OruseatoollikeGoogleReverseImagesearch.3.（3）ALooktoseeifthestoryyouarereadingisonothernewssitesthatyouknowandtrust.Ifyoudofinditonmanyothersites，thenitprobablyisn'tfake（althoughtherearesomeexceptions）.4.LookforothersignsThereareothermethodsthatfakenewsuses.TheseincludeusingALLCAPS（全大写）andlotsofadsthatcomeoutwhenyouclickonalink.（4）DIfthenewsstorymakesyouangry，it'sprobablydesignedtomakeyouangry.Ifyouknowthesethingsaboutonlinenews，andcanusetheminyoureverydaylife，thenyouhavethecontroloverwhattoreadandwhattobelieve.Ifyoufindanewsstorythatyouknowisfake，themostimportantadviceis：don'tshareit!根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。A.Checkthestoryisinotherplaces.B.Unluckily，notallofthesestoriesaretrue.C.Fakenewsstoriesoftenspreadmuchfaster.D.Also，thinkabouthowthestorymakesyoufeel.E.Lookatthewebsitewherethestorycomesfrom.【分析】短文讲了每次你上网，你都会被试图讲述他们故事的图片、文章、链接和视频轰炸。详细地介绍了不要被假新闻愚弄的一些小提示。【解答】细节推理题。（1）B.根据前句"Everytimeyou'reonline，youarebombarded（如炮轰）bypictures，articles，linksandvideotryingtotelltheirstory."每次你上网，你都会被试图讲述他们故事的图片、文章、链接和视频轰炸。可知说的是一些故事，结合选项，应说不幸的是，并非所有这些故事都是真的。故选B。（2）E.根据前句"Checkthesource（来源）"可知说的是查看来源，结合选项，应说看看这个故事的网站。故选E。（3）A.根据后句"Looktoseeifthestoryyouarereadingisonothernewssitesthatyouknowandtrust.看看你正在读的故事是不是在其他你知道和信任的新闻网站上，"可知说的是查一查，结合选项，应说查查这个故事在其他地方。故选A。（4）D.根据后句"Ifthenewsstorymakesyouangry，it'sprobablydesignedtomakeyouangry.如果新闻故事让你生气，它可能是为了让你生气。"可知说的是你的感受，结合选项，应说同时，想想这个故事给你的感觉。故选D。【点评】做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理地分析才能得出正确的答案。二、语言知识运用（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。5．（10分）Spacesuitsdon'tjustmakeastronautslookcool.Withoutthese（1）suits，astronautswouldn'tbeabletoleavetheirspaceship.Thatistosay，theywouldn'tbeableto（2）ontheMoonorworkoutsidetheInternationalSpaceStation.Spaceisa（3）Dplaceforhumanbeings.Firstly，thereisnoairtobreathe.Secondly，spacealsohashighlevelsofradiation（辐射），energythatcanpassthroughourbodiesandmakeus（4）A.Thirdly，somepartsofspacearereallycold（5）Dotherpartsareveryhot.Soastronautscoulddieinjustafewsecondsifthey（6）Aoutsidetheirspaceshipwithouttheirsuits.Withaspacesuit，though，astronautscanmovearoundinspaceforseveralhours.Spacesuitskeepastronauts（7）Asealed（密封的）inside.AbackpacksendsO2intoletastronautsbreathenormally.Atthesametime，theCO2（8）Castronautsbreatheoutissuckedaway.Thesuitalsoprotectsthemfromharmfulradiationandfast﹣movingspacedust.（9）thespacesuitisanothersuitthatlookslikeapairoftightpajamas（睡衣）withlittlepipesrunningthroughthem.Waterrunsthroughthesepipesto（10）Castronautsbecausewearingaspacesuitcanmakeastronautsveryhot!（1）A.privateB.specialC.plasticD.expensive（2）A.runB.walkC.liveD.surf（3）A.funnyB.naturalC.beautifulD.dangerous（4）A.sickB.boredC.strongD.relaxed（5）A.afterB.sinceC.beforeD.while（6）A.rushedB.jumpedC.steppedD.escaped（7）A.safelyB.quicklyC.quietlyD.terribly（8）A.whoB.thisC.thatD.whether（9）A.AboveB.UnderC.BehindD.Between（10）A.washawayB.warmupC.cooloffD.cleanout【分析】文章介绍了宇航员太空服的重要性及功能。【解答】（1）B形容词辨析。A私人的，B特殊的，C塑料的，D贵的，根据常识及下文，可知宇航员的服装是特殊的，故答案是B。（2）B动词辨析。A跑，B走，C生活，D冲浪，根据theywouldn'tbeableto（2）ontheMoon应该是没有这些衣服，他们不能在月球上走，故答案是B。（3）D形容词辨析。A有趣的，B自然的，C漂亮的，D危险的，根据下文Firstly，thereisnoairtobreathe首先，没有空气可以呼吸，可知太空是危险的地方，故答案是D。（4）A形容词辨析。A生病的，B无聊的，C强壮的，D放松的，根据上文spacealsohashighlevelsofradiation（辐射），提到了辐射，穿过人类，应该是会让我们生病，故答案是A。（5）D连词辨析。A在...之后，B自从，C在...之前，D然而，根据somepartsofspacearereallycold（5）otherpartsareveryhot应该是太空中有些地方很冷，而另一些地方很热，故答案是D。（6）A动词辨析。A冲，B跳，C迈步，D逃脱，根据语境：因此，如果宇航员不穿宇航服冲出太空船，他们可能在几秒钟内死亡。rushout冲出，故答案是A。（7）A副词辨析。A安全地，B快速地，C安静地，D可怕地，根据上文可知太空服保证宇航员的安全，故答案是A。（8）C连词辨析。A谁，B这个，C那个，D是否，根据题干，是定语从句，先行词theCO2是物，用that，故答案是C。（9）B介词辨析。A在...上方，B在...下，C在...后面，D在两者之间，根据语境：在宇航服下面（里面）是另一套看起来像一件紧身睡衣的宇航服，里面有小管子，故答案是B。（10）C短语辨析。A冲走，B热身，C冷却，D清理，根据后面becausewearingaspacesuitcanmakeastronautsveryhot因为穿宇航服会让宇航员很热，可知这些小管子是降温的，故答案是C。【点评】考查完形填空。根据所给的短文对意思有所了解，然后根据短文的大体意思，选择每个符合题意的答案，使短文更通顺。阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。6．（10分）Iknewthatmyfather'saunt，BetseyTrotwood，livedsomewherenearDover，soIdecidedtolookforher.Ihadtowalkthereandthejourneytooksixlongdays.WhenIgottoDover，Iaskedafewpeopleandtheytoldmewhere（1）togo（go）.WhenMissBetseysawme，sheshouted：Goaway!Don'twalkonmygrass!""Please，madam，"Isaidbravely，"please，AuntBetsey...""What!"shecried，（2）looking（look）atmeingreatsurprise."Please，AuntBetsey，I'myournephewDavidCopperfield.YoucameonthenightIwasbornandsawmydearmother.Mylif