2022年高考英语突破140系列七选五做题六步骤六大做题秘籍

2022年高考英语突破140系列七选五做题六步骤六大做题秘籍【考纲解读】给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选择正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考查考生的逻辑思维能力，也就是对上下文之间、层次之间逻辑关系的判断能力主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构，以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）；过渡性句子（文章结构）；注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向【2022·新课标I】第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping.Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectsbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37Wesleepinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor`sbillformyson`sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.38Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.39Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.40Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A．Thistimetherewasnotent.B．Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D．Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.【答案】36.D根据前文可知三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营。暗示此处作者对待露营的情感态度应该出现转变。D选项中的however就起到了很好的转折作用。其次，IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping暗示作者态度的转变就在三年前，D选项中的sincethen“自从那时候起”，和前文时间吻合。故选D。根据后文Wesleepinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom可知作者第一次露营条件很艰苦，C选项Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.中的rough暗示了这一点，符合语境。故选C。根据前文Wesleepinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom可知作者第一次露营时住帐篷，露天生火做饭，走很远的距离去洗澡上厕所，条件很艰苦。而后文中Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.说明作者第二次露营有床有空调A选项Thistimetherewasnotent“这次没有帐篷了”暗示作者进行了第二次露营，而且条件比较好，符合语境。故选A。根据后文weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.可知作者一家为了露营买了房车，里面设备齐全。既然花了这么大精力，说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F选项Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping“那次露营之后，我的家人开始对它感兴趣”符合语境，故选F。学科~网根据后文Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.可知作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法，而根据前文可知作者回归自然的方式就是露营。E选项ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.“我必须得承认我真的开始享受露营”既是对文章第一段中作者态度转变的一个总结，也很好的衔接了后文。故选E。【名师点睛】七选五的考查形式是给考生呈现一篇缺了五句话的英语文章，并要求考生根据文章的结构、逻辑、上下文的内容选出相应的五句话填入空白处将文章补充完整。具体的解题步骤有以下几点：步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常有三个四个位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有时有的答案表述上就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以降低难度。步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。一般说来，记叙文的语言是按时间发展顺序或因果关系排列的，常用的连接词有：then,later,afterthat,soon,afterawhile,intheend,so,asaresult,becauseofthat等。说明文常采用总-分-总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。议论文先抛出议题，然后从正反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出结论。新闻体裁的应用文首句为主题句，下面展开细节性的报道。步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。文章的衔接手段有：重复式用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义语表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于段落的思路平稳在句子之间过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接是文章连贯的两个必要因素。步骤五：区分相似项七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项，方法和答阅读理解时区分相似项一样。步骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。2.【2022·全国新课标II】第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou’retryingtogetworkdone.36,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let’stakealookatthemnow.37Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskiftheofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen.38.Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions.Whenyouneedtosomeone,don’tdoitinyourownoffice.39.it’smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouareIfyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.40.Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter.Excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thanwhenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed.A.Ifyou’rebusy,don’tfeelbadaboutsayingnoB.WhenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatworkC.SetboundariesforyourselfasyourtimegoesD.Ifyou’reintheotherperson’sofficeorinapublicareaE.It’simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou’llbeavailableF.ItmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshirtwhentheyinterruptyouG.Leaveitopenwhenyou’reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou’renot36-40BAEDG37.根据后文“Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskiftheofyoucantalkatadifferenttime”，这一段主要是讲述，学会在自己很忙的时候去拒绝别人。故选A。38.根据横线前“havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen”安排好时间，让他们知道你在什么时候回来，或者告诉他们，你会去找他们，再结合后文“Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions”这样做可以帮助你消除未来被打断的可能，根据句意的衔接，故选E。39.根据后文“it’smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare”，此句中it指代前文“don’tdoitinyourownoffice.”，也就是说此段中作者认为比起在自己的办公室解释，不在自己的办公室更容易点。故选D40.根据“Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.”可知，此段主要是讲述关于如何利用自己办公室的门来防止被打扰。故选G。【名师点睛】本文37题属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据后文“Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskiftheofyoucantalkatadifferenttime”可知我们应该学会在自己很忙的时候去拒绝别人。故选A。当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：1.属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。学科&网2.与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。考点：考查说明文阅读3.【2022·新课标III】第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinrestingyourbodyclock36Hereishowtomakeone.●37Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreason,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.38That’saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.39Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.40Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafétogetcoffee.38.G根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约15分钟的喝咖啡时间，能够多睡15分钟，文中的aquarter-hour和选项中的15minutes呼应，是信息提示词。故选G。根据段落小标题可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.和本段标题意思相同。故选F。后句建议人们如果这样做没作用就尝试新办法，由此推断该空与Ifnot对应，提出如果有效果的话如何去做。故选E。【高考预测】纵观近两年全国高考试题，预测2022年全国高考试题还会①体裁以说明文和议论文为主（300词左右），且结构清晰（提出问题→解决问题），过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等。②以考查细节理解类题型为主。【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点考点一细节理解类题型（1）词汇复现【例1】Parentsshouldhelptheirchildrenunderstandmoney.71soyoumaystarttalkingaboutmoneywhenyourchildshowsaninterestinbuyingthings,candyortoys,forexample.D.Talkyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyaremostimportanttoyou.E.Askyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyaremostimportanttoyou.F.Talkabouthowthemoneyboughtthethingafteryouleavethetoystore.G.Thebesttimetoteachachildanythingaboutmoneyiswhenheshowsaninterest.（2022新课标）【答案】G【解析】规律方法1：词汇复现法复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。包括原词复现、同源词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。【变式精练】Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleavesuswithoutafriend71.Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.D.Trynottofindfaultwithyourfriends.E.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.F.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.【答案】E【解析】（2）代词线索【例2】Trytakingthesefoursteps.thenexttimeyouarestressed:(1)Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.TalkTo"trustedadult,suchas"parentorotherrelatives.72Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.D.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.【答案】【解析】由前文parents和relatives可以推知与之并列的friends，故选F。学科*网规律方法2：代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词;one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these或those指代前句的复数名词。【变式精练】73Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheanger,thendecideifthecauseisseriousenoughtogetangryabout.B.Theysaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.F.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.G.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.【答案】G【解析】73空后的they与A项doctors照应。（3）数字线索【例3】AsinChina,theweatherisdifferentfromareatoThetemperaturescanfallto–60℃，whichis60℃belowfreezing.Inthecapital,Ottawa,theaverageofwintertemperatureis–10℃,andinsummer21℃.___18____TheaverageJanuarytemperatureis3℃,andinJulyitis18℃F.IntheNorth,thewintersarelongandhardwithsnowforsixmonths.G.ThewestcoastofCanadaisthewarmestplaceinwinter【答案】17.F规律方法3：数字线索包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio,rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。【变式精练】Researchersanalyzedthecontentsof28strawberry-flavoredproductssoldinstores．72Ofthe11productsthatdidcontainstrawberries,fiveofthemcontainedlessthanonepercentrealfruit．Inaddition,eachjuiceboxcontainednearlyeightteaspoonsofsugar．A．Theproductswhichcontainrealfruitarepopularwithpeople.B．Evenproductsadvertisedasmorenaturaloftencontainednofruit.C．Theyfoundthatabout60percentofthemdidn'tcontainanyfruitatall.D．Ifcompaniescancuttheircostsbyusingflavoring,theyarelikelytodoso.E.Itisimportantandnecessarytodemandasmallamountofflavoringintheproducts.F.Actuallytheproductcontainsjustatinypercentageofstrawberryorevennofruitatall.G.TheFoodCommissionsuggestedallflavorsusedinaproductshouldbelistedonthepackaging.【答案】72.C【解析】（4）逻辑关系线索【例4】Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdeal—oratleastmanypartsofithave.______1_______.Ideasaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis“working-class”or“middle-class”—areoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow.A．Nowadays,agreatdealhaschangedB．BothoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurityC．Asaresult,differencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistenceD．However,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paidandthelow-paidE．Inrecentyears,theworking-classpeoplehavebeguntodesignlong-termplansF．Insomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcernedG．Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongyoungerpeople【答案】1.F【解析】该空前一句提到英国社会改变很大，而后一句则说社会阶层的想法却改变相当缓慢，所以空格处使用了however表示转折，承上启下，故选F。规律方法4：逻辑关系线索(a)并列与递进关系：and,or,also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesame…as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,inadditionto,whatismore(b)因果关系：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,asaresult,becauseof,inthat,forthisreason,ofcourse(c)转折让步关系：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,ratherthan,insteadof,itistruethat,ofcourse,although,though,eventhough,evenif,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof(d)时间关系：afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,first,firstly,inthefirstplace,tostartwith，inthemeantime,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly,tobeginwith以及一些具体的时间。【变式精练】Youwillwanttotakenotesduringclassroomdiscussionsandwhilereadingatextbookordoingresearchforareport.72Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.D.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.G.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.【答案】72.E【解析】考点二细节理解类题型（1）问题在段首或是小标题【例1】3Everyday,whenshecomesbackhomefromwork,shesetsaboutdoinghousework,sweepingthelivingroomandbedroomsorcleaningthefurniture,andputtingeverythingingoodorder.Sheseemstobebusyallthetime.Asshehasbeenverybusyworkingeveryday,shelooksolderthanherage.Butshelooksascheerfulandhappyasever.Motherneverbuysexpensivedressesforherself,butsheoftenbuyssomeinexpensivebuthighqualityclothesforus.A.Sheenjoyslisteningtoclassicmusic.C.Shelovesherstudentsandcaresforthem.D.Shenevergoestoexpensiverestaurantstoenjoymeals.E.Mymotherishard-workingandneverwastesmoney.【答案】3.E【解析】本题考查主旨概括句。本段内容主要写了“她下班就做家务”，其次是“她从不给自己买昂贵的衣服，从不去高档的饭店吃饭。”说明妈妈既勤劳又节俭。所以应选E【例2】●3Whenapersonisaskingaquestion,showinterestandadesiretounderstandthequestionbylisteningandaskingforclarification.●Buytime．Whenfacingahardquestion,mostpeoplecan’tgiveananswerimmediately．Buytimebyrepeatingthequestioninyourownwords．4Thesetechniquesallowyoutoquicklyorganizeyourthoughtsaswellastomakesureyouwillbecorrectlyansweringthequestion．●Suggestaprivatemeeting．Aone-on-onemeetingisacalmersettingthanspeakinginfrontofyourpeers．5A.Showyourtrueinterest.B.Restatethequestionwithrespect.C.Someideascanbequiteconcrete.D.Thereweremanydifficultquestions.E.Itcanalsobemoreeffectiveinexchangingideas.F.Youmanyalsoaskforclarificationonthequestion.G.Herearesomeideasthatcanhelpyouprepareforyournextmeeting.【答案】3.A规律方法1：如果问题在段首或是小标题？通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。【变式精练】3．Ontheonehand，ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone；andareddressbringswarmthandcheertothecoldestwinterday．4（A）．AblackbridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon．usedtobethesceneofmoresuicides(自杀)thananyotherbridgeinthearea—untilitwasrepaintedgreen．Thenumberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply．Perhapsitwouldhavefallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue．A．Ontheotherhand，blackisdepressing．B．Th