现代大学英语精读4lesson3市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

优秀精品课件文档资料第1页第1页WhyHistoriansDisagreeAllenF.Davis&HaroldD.Woodman第2页第2页

ConflictandConsensusRespectivelySinglyintheorderdesignatedormentioned第3页第3页Questionsforconsideration1)Whatishistory?Thewholehumanpast?Therecordedpast?Whathistorianswriteaboutthepast?Arecordofclassstrugglesinthepast?Acollectivehumanmemory?Amirrortothepresent?Acollectionofinterestingandinstructivestories?Propaganda?Atotallytimelessobjectivesciencelikephysicsandmathematics?2)Whatisahistoriansupposedtodo?Whatwouldyousayarethemostimportantcharacteristicsofagoodhistorian?3)Whydohistoriansdisagree?WhatcontroversieshaveexcitedChinesehistoriansconcerningeitherancientorrecenthistory'?

第4页第4页IntroductiontotheTextThisisamuchcondensedandadaptedversionoftheprefacetothebookcalledConflictandConsensusinModernAmericanHistoryeditedbyAllenF.DavisandHaroldD．Woodman，professorsatTempleUniversityandPurdueUniversityrespectively，whoalsowrotetheintroduction.

第5页第5页AssumptionsofNewHistoricism1.thatthereisnotranshistoricaloruniversalhumanessenceandthathumansubjectivityisconstructedbyculturalcodeswhichpositionandlimitallofusinvariousanddividedwaysƓHistoriansoccupysubjectpositionsthataresociallyandlinguisticallyconstructed,createdbyvariousdiscoursesofagivenculture

Ɠ

Powerrelationsshowthatsocietycontrolsitsmembersthroughconstructinganddefiningwhatappeartobe"universal"and"natural"truths

ƓAny"universalizing"or"totalizing"claimsarequestionable.Weshouldfocusratheronthespecificitiesofaparticularhistoricalandculturalcontext.

第6页第6页2.thatthereisno'objectivity,'thatweexperiencethe'world'inlanguage,andthatallourrepresentationsoftheworld,ourreadingsoftextsandofthepast,areinformedbyourownhistoricalposition,bythevaluesandpoliticsthatarerootedinthemƓemphasizingthenecessityforself-awareness,wemustbeconstantlyawareofthedifficultiesofseeingthepastexceptthroughthelensesandculturalconstructsofthepresent.第7页第7页bywayof(p1)

bywayof：through,byrouteof，e.g．

TaiwaneseplanescannowflyfromthemainlandtoTaiwanbywayofHongKongorMacao．“Bywayof”canalsomean“asameansof”，e．g．

Hesenthersomeflowersbywayofanapology．第8页第8页tobeimmersedin：tobecompletelycoveredorsubmergedinaliquid；tobedeeplyinvolvedorabsorbed第9页第9页Presumably:adv.(Pa.2)probably,supposedtobetrue,likelybyreasonableassumptionalthoughyouarenotcertain1Itisrainingheavily,whichpresumablymeansthattheirfootballmatchwillbepostponed.第10页第10页QAllthis____thatheagreestoacceptourproposal.Otherwise,therewouldbenogroundforcooperation.

A.assumesB.presumesC.presupposesD.surmise

第11页第11页C

Assume:主观臆断oftenwithoutrealproof;~powerorresponsibility;呈现出~asmile;假装~innocence;采用~afalsename

Presume:I~todo我冒昧地，私自;推测althoughnotcertain;认定，推定，意味着Anaccusedmanis~dinnocentuntilprovenguilty.Presuppose:assumingonethingistrueinordertocontinuewithwhatyouaresayingorthinking预先推测；以…为先决条件Surmise:guessfromtheavailableevidencealthoughnotcertain推测;猜想;疑惑第12页第12页Turnouttobe(Pa.2)provetobe;1turnoutwell/fine/allright/satisfactoryetc.Itwasadifficulttime,buteverythingturnedoutallright.2turnouttoone’s+n.Pleasemakesurethatallthepresentswillturnouttotheirsatisfaction.3turnouttobeHeturnedouttobeateacherinsteadofanewstudent.4Asitturnedout,…第13页第13页Contendv.(Pa.2)1contendwith/against/for:struggle,beinrivalryorcompetitionTheycontendwitheachotherforthetopprizewhilegettingalongwell.2argue,assertHecontendsatthemeetingthattheuniverseisexpanding.第14页第14页QThisexperienceopenedanew_____inhismind.

A.perspectiveB.prospectC.factorD.aspect

第15页第15页

Perspective:远景;awayofthinking视角,观点,想法Prospect:将要发生事,预期展望,景色,视野,（成功）也许性,（经济）前景;堪察(for)(v.)

Factor:原因;

Aspect:oneofthepartsofsth’scharacterornature方面;建筑物方位;appearanceorquality外观,面貌B第16页第16页Cannothelpbutdosth(p3)

can

not

help

but

do…

can

not

but

do…

can

do

nothing

but

do…

can

not

do

anything

but

do…

但是：have

nochoice/alternative

but

to

do…

第17页第17页takesth.forgranted:(Pa4)regarditastrueorcertaintohappen

1Hisparentstakehissuccessinthecontestforgranted.Takesb.forgranted:treathispresenceandactionsasadueratherthanafavor第18页第18页Whatishistory?

百家讲坛于丹论语心得CCTV"HundredRostrums”iscallingforanincreasedawarenessoftraditionalChineseculture.HowdoyoucommentonthecrazeofChineseclassics?HowdoyoulikeProf.Yudan?第19页第19页Confucianism:Confucius,ChinesephilosopherwhoseAnalectscontainacollectionofhissayingsanddialoguescompiledbydisciplesafterhisdeath.Taoism:ZhuangziandLaozi-twofamousscholarsofTaoisminancientChina第20页第20页Admittedlyadv.(Pa7):sayingsthwhichweakenstheimportanceorforceofyourstatementHeisadmittedlyascholar.(withoutdenial,bygeneraladmission)第21页第21页Crudeadj.(Pa7)

1notrefinedormanufactured未提炼，粗糙crudeoil crudeore 2nothavinggrace,tasteorrefinement粗俗/粗鲁crudemanner 3notfinishedproperly;badlyworkedout粗制滥造，不完善第22页第22页BThe_____partiesweredue,onceagain,totrytosettletheirdifferences.Soatemporaryceasefireisordered.

A.aggressiveB.belligerentC.combativeD.contentiousBelligerent:hostileandaggressive好斗敌对;warringcountriesorgroups交战国Aggressive:behavinginaforcefulwaybecauseofaneagertosucceed咄咄逼人Combative:aggressiveandeagertofightorargueContentious:a~issuecausesalotofdisagreementorarguments;第23页第23页WorldWarI(1914-1918)

WoodrowWilson第24页第24页ZimmermanNotePa8AcodedcommuniquefromtheGermanforeignSecretary,ArthurZimmermantotheGermanministerinMexicoonJan.19,1917,whichisinterceptedanddecodedbyBritishnavyintelligence.第25页第25页InthatPa.9since,becauseTheincreaseofincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.第26页第26页Toaccount/takeaccountof...(Pa.9):noteorconsider…;payattentionto…1You’dbettertakeallfactorsintoaccountbeforemakingyourdecision.2Whenseekingajob,heislikelytotakeaccountofhisparents’opinion.

第27页第27页Stemfrom(Pa.9)arisefrom;developasaresultofsth.else(notincontinuousaspect不用进行时)1Hisheadachesstemmedfromvisionproblems.2Muchoftheinstabilitystemsfromtheeconomiceffectsofthewar.第28页第28页Concernoneselfwith/in/about(Pa.9)bebusywith,interestoneselfin1Heloveshiswife,andconcernshimselfwithherneedsanddesires.2AsafanofthefootballplayerYaoMing,heconcernshimselfineveryaccountofhim.TowhomitmayconcernBeconcernedfor/aboutsb./sth.:worry,trouble,botherSo/Asfaras…is/areconcerned第29页第29页Disproportionateadj.(Pa.10)outofproportion,relativelytoolargeorsmall,etc.1Schoolstudentstendtogivedisproportionatetimetogames.2TherailwayworkersinNewYorkwereonstrikebecausetheirpayisdisproportionatetotheirwork.第30页第30页Bedestinedforsth./todosth.(Pa.13)decodedinadvanceorbyfate1Hewasasolider’ssonandwasdestinedfrombirthforthearmy.2Deepinloveastheywere,theyweredestinednevertomeetagain.第31页第31页SummaryItshouldbenotedthatalthoughthisessayisaboutwhyhistoriansdifferintheiropinions,actuallythebasicviewscanalsobeusedtoexplainwhypeopledisagreegenerally．Andtounderstandwhypeopledisagreeisthefirstnecessarysteptowardle