2023学年完整公开课版UnderstandingtheWorkingPrincipleofRFID（2022新）

Presenter:MiZhiqiangHunanModernLogisticsCollegeAnalysisofEPCSeriesStandardsContents1EPCglobaloverview2CharacteristicsofEPCsystem3EPCglobalstandardoverview4ClassificationofEPCglobaltagsEPCglobaloverview01EPCglobalisanon-profitorganizationco-foundedbytheUCCandtheEANinSeptember2003.ItspredecessoristheAuto-IDCenter,anon-profitorganizationfoundedbytheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyintheUnitedStatesonOctober1,1999.ThegoalofEPCglobalistosolvethetransparencyofthesupplychain.Transparencymeansthatallpartnersinthesupplychaincanunderstandtherelevantinformationofindividualitems,suchaslocation,productiondateandsoon.Atpresent,EPCglobalhasestablishedbranchesinChina,Canada,Japanandothercountries,whichareresponsibleforthedistributionandmanagementofEPCcodes,theformulationofEPCrelatedtechnicalstandards,thepopularizationandapplicationofEPCrelatedtechnologiesinthesecountries.EPCglobalisanRFIDstandardizationorganizationheadedbytheUnitedStatesandEuropeandinvolvedbymanycompaniesandinstitutionsaroundtheworld.Itbelongstoacoalitionstandardizationorganizationandisexcellentinthespeed,depthandbreadthofRFIDstandardsdevelopment,andhasreceivedworldwideattention.ThedevelopmentprocessandrelatedstandardsforRFIDstandardscanbefoundat.EPCglobalhasformulatedthestandarddevelopmentprocessspecification,whichregulatestheresponsibilitiesofEPCglobaldepartmentsandthebusinessprocessofstandarddevelopment.Itwillconductmulti-partyreviewsofthesubmitteddraftstandards,includinganti-collisionalgorithmperformance,applicationscenarios,tagchipoccupancyarea,readercomplexity,intensivereadernetworking,datasecurity,toensurethatthestandardshavestrongcompetitiveness.Next,thesystemframeworkofEPCglobalandthecorrespondingRFIDtechnologystandardswillbeintroducedseparately.CharacteristicsofEPCsystem02TheEPCsystemisalargeglobalsystem.Alllinks,nodesandaspectsofthesupplychaincanbenefitfromit,butlow-valueidentificationobjects(suchasfood,consumergoods,etc.)areverysensitivetotheadditionalpricecausedbytheEPCsystem.TheEPCsystemisconsideringfurtherinnovationstoreducecosts,whileoverallsystemimprovementswillenablesupplychainmanagementtobebetterappliedtoimproveefficiency,offsetandloweringadditionalprices.ThemaincharacteristicsofEPCsystemincludeopenarchitecture,independentplatformandhighdegreeofinteroperability,aswellasflexibleandsustainabledevelopmentsystem.A1.Openstructuralsystem.TheEPCsystemadoptstheworld'slargestpublicInternetnetworksystem,whicheffectivelyavoidsthecomplexityofthesystem,andalsogreatlyreducesthecost,andalsocontributestotheaddedvalueofthesystem.2.Independentplatformandhighlevelofinteroperability.TheobjectsidentifiedbytheEPCsystemareaverywidesetofentities,soitisimpossibletohaveanytechniquethatisapplicabletoallidentifiedobjects.Atthesametime,theRFIDtechnologystandardsofdifferentcountriesandregionsarealsodifferent.Therefore,anopenarchitecturemusthaveanindependentplatformandahighdegreeofinteroperability.TheEPCsystemnetworkisbuiltonanInternetnetworksystemandworkswithallpossiblecomponentsoftheInternetnetwork.3.Aflexible,sustainablesystem.TheEPCsystemisaflexible,open,andsustainablesystemthatcanbeupgradedwithoutreplacingtheoriginalsystem.BecausetheEPCsystemrealizesthetruevisibilityofthetradeiteminformationinthesupplychain,theorganizationoperatesmoreefficiently.Specifically,throughefficient,customer-drivenoperations,instantinformationinthesupplychain,suchasthelocationandnumberoftradeitems,willrespondmoresensitivelytocustomersandtheirneeds.CharacteristicsofEPCsystem02EPCglobalstandardoverview03EPCglobalisaResearchInstituteofRFIDstandardsestablishedbyUCCandEAN.Atthebeginningofitsestablishment,EPCglobaldevoteditselftotheestablishmentofasetofgloballyneutral,openandtransparentstandards,andmadearduousefforts.

InApril2004,theorganizationpublishedthefirstgenerationofRFIDtechnicalstandards,includingEPCtagdataspecifications,UHFClass0andClass1tagstandards,HFClass1tagstandards,andphysicalidentificationlanguagecorespecifications.OnDecember17,2004,EPCglobalapprovedthereleaseofthefirststandard,theUHFGen2,whichwasamilestoneintheEPC'smovefromthelabtotheapplication.ProductsthatcomplywiththeUHFGentstandardwereintroducedinthesecondquarterof2005.Inaddition,thesecondgenerationofRFIDstandardswaspublishedattheendof2006.EAN.UCCidentificationcodeisafixedstructure,meaningless,globallyuniqueall-digitalcode.InEPCTagInformationSpecification1.1,64-96bitsofelectronicproductcodingisused;inEPCTagInformation2.0,96-256bitsofelectronicproductcodingisused.EPCsystemisaglobalandopensocialsystem.Theinteractionandcommunicationofinformationneedthesupportofconsensusstandards.TheplanningandconstructionofEPCsystemandtheformationofrelatedindustriesalsoneedstandardizationsupport.InEPCsystem,thestandardsinvolvedincludetagdatastandard,Gen2airinterfacestandard,readerprotocol,readermanagement,datatransmissionprotocol,applicationlevelevent(ALE)functionandcontrolelectronicproductcodeinformationservice(EPCIS),applicationinterface(API),securityspecificationsandeventregistration,etc.1.EPCglobalSystemFrameworkActivitiesTheEPCglobalframeworkconsistsofthreemainactivities,eachsupportedbythecorrespondingstandardswithintheEPCglobalframework,asshowninFigure3-3.EPCglobalstandardoverview03Figure3-3EPCglobalsystemframeworkEPCdataexchangestandardEPCinfrastructurestandardEPCphysicalobjectexchangestandardEPCglobalcorebusinessandotherrelatedsharingbusinessPeer-to-peerdataexchangewithEPCcodingEPCglobaluserEPCglobaluserPhysicalobjectexchangewithEPCencodingSharedbusinessinteractionSharedbusinessinteraction1.EPCglobalSystemFrameworkActivities1)EPCPhysicalObjectExchangeInthisactivity,theuserinteractswithaphysicalobjectwithanEPCencoding.FormanyEPCglobalnetworkendusers,thephysicalobjectisacommodityandtheuserisamemberofthemerchandisesupplychain.Physicalobjectexchangesincludemanyactivitiessuchasloading,receiving,andsoon.Therearemanyotherusesthataredifferentfromthecommercialgoodsmodel,buttheseusesstillincludelabelingitems.EPCglobalframeworkdefinesEPCphysicalobjectexchangestandard,whichcanensurethatwhenausersubmitsaphysicalobjecttoanotheruser,thelatterwillbeabletodeterminethatthephysicalobjecthasEPCcodeandcanbetterexplainit.EPCglobalstandardoverview031.EPCglobalSystemFrameworkActivities2)EPCInfrastructureInordertoachievethesharingofEPCdata,eachuserwillperformEPCencodingonthenewlygeneratedobject,tracktheEPCcodecarriedbythephysicalobject,andrecordthecollectedinformationintotheEPCnetworkintheorganization.TheEPCglobalarchitectureframeworkdefinesthemainfacilitycomponentinterfacestandardforcollectingandrecordingEPCdata,thusallowinguserstobuildtheirinternalsystemsusinginteroperablecomponents.EPCglobalstandardoverview031.EPCglobalSystemFrameworkActivities3)EPCDataExchangeUsersbenefitfromtheEPCglobalnetworkbyexchangingdatawitheachothertoincreasethevisibilityoftheirownsportinggoods.TheEPCglobalarchitectureframeworkdefinestheEPCdataexchangestandard,providinguserswithawaytoshareEPCdatapoint-to-pointandprovidinguserswithaccesstoEPCglobalcoreservicesandotherrelatedsharedservices.ItisusefultocategorizeactivitieswhenunderstandingtheentireorganizationandtheEPCglobalsystemframework,butnottobetoostrict.Inmanycases,thefirsttwotypesofactivitiesmainlyrefertotheinteractionprocessacrosstheenterprise,whilethelatterreferstotheinteractionwithintheenterprise,butthisisnotentirelycorrect.Forexample,anorganizationmayuseEPCtotracktheflowofinternalassets,inwhichcaseitwillapplyphysicalobjectexchangecriteriainthecaseofnon-cross-enterpriseexchanges.TheEPCglobalarchitectureframeworkisdesignedtoprovideEPCglobaluserswithavarietyofoptionstomeettheirspecificbusinessoperationsbyapplyingthesestandards.EPCglobalstandardoverview03AdvancedRFIDController(ARC)summarizestheEPCglobalframeworkmodelamongmultipleusers(asshowninFigure3-4)andtheEPCglobalframeworkmodelwithinasingleuser(asshowninFigure3-5).TheframeworkmodelisanabstractmodelofthecomponentsofatypicalRFIDapplicationsystem,whichaimstoexpresstherelationshipbetweenentitiesunits.Inthemodeldiagram,thesolidlineboxrepresentsthephysicalunit,whichcanbehardwaredevicessuchastags,readers,etc.,orapplicationsoftware,managementsoftware,middleware,etc.;thedottedlineboxrepresentstheinterfaceunit,whichistheinterfaceofinformationinteractionbetweenentityunits.Architecturalframeworkmodelclearlyexpressestheinteractionrelationshipbetweenentityunits,thatis,informationinteractionbetweenentityunitsthroughinterfaces."Interface"istheobjectthatformulatesthegeneralstandard.Aftertheinterfaceisunified,aslongastheentityunitmeetstheinterfacestandard,itcanrealizetheinterconnectionandinteroperability.Thisallowsdifferentmanufacturerstoachieve"entity"accordingtotheirowntechnologyandRFIDapplicationcharacteristics,thatis,toprovideconsiderableflexibilitytoadapttothedevelopmentoftechnologyandtheparticularityofdifferentapplications."Entity"istheobjectofformulatingapplicationstandardsandgeneralproductstandards.Therelationshipbetween"entity"and"interface"issimilartothatbetweencomponentimplementationandcomponentinterface.Componentinterfaceisrelativelystable,andtheimplementationofcomponentscanbedecidedbytheenterpriseitselfaccordingtothetechnicalcharacteristicsandapplicationrequirements.EPCglobalstandardoverview03EPCglobalstandardoverview03Figure3-4EPCglobalarchitectureframeworkmodelbetweenmultipleusersFigure3-5EPCglobalarchitectureframeworkmodelwithinasingleuser(1)RFIDelectronictags:SaveEPCcodes,andmayalsocontainotherdata.Tagscanbeactivetagsandpassivetags,whichcansupportthereader'sidentification,readdata,writedataandotheroperations.(2)RFIDreader:Itcanreaddatafromoneormoreelectronictagsandtransmitthedatatothehost.(3)Readermanagement:Monitortherunningstatusofoneormorereaders,andmanagetheconfigurationofoneormorereaders.(4)Middleware:Receivetagdata,processdata,etc.fromoneormorereaders.(5)EPCISInformationService:ItprovidesastandardinterfaceforaccessingandpersistentlystoringEPC-relateddata,throughwhichauthorizedtradingpartnerscanreadandwriteEPC-relateddata;ithasahighlycomplexdatastorageandprocessingprocess,andsupportsavarietyofqueries.(6)ONSroot:ProvidesaninitialquerypointfortheONSquery;authorizesthelocalONStoperformfunctionssuchasONSlookup.(7)Codingallocationmanagement:TheuniquenessofEPCcodingisensuredbymaintainingtheglobaluniquenessoftheEPCmanagernumber.(8)Tagdataconversion:ProvidesafilethatcanbeconvertedbetweenEPCcodes,whichenablestheenduser'sinfrastructurecomponentstoautomaticallyknowthenewEPCformat.(9)Userauthentication:VerifytheidentityoftheEPCglogaluser.ThemainfunctionofentityunitinEPCglobalframework.EPCglobalstandardoverview032.StandardofEPCglobalSystemFramework1)EPCTagDataSpecificationTheEPCtagdataspecificationspecifiestheEPCcodingstructure,includingtheconversionmechanismofallcodingmodes.2)AirInterfaceProtocol

Airinterfaceprotocolregulatesthecommandanddatainteractionbetweenelectronictagandreader.ItcorrespondstoISO/IEC18000-3and18000-6standards,andUHFC1G2hasbecometheISO/IEC18000-6Cstandard.3)RPReaderDataProtocol

RPreaderdataprotocolprovidesdataandcommandinteractioninterfacebetweenreaderandhost(hostreferstomiddlewareorapplication),similartoISO/IEC15961and15962.Itsgoalistoenablethehosttobeindependentoftheinterfaceprotocolbetweenreaderandtag,thatistosay,itcanbeappliedtodifferentintelligentlevelsofRFIDreader,barcodereader,avarietyofRFIDairinterfaceprotocolsandbarcodeinterfaceprotocols.Thereaderlayerdefinestheformatandcontentofmessagesexchangedbetweenthereaderandthehostcomputer.Itisthecoreofthereaderprotocolanddefinesthefunctionsperformedbythereader.Themessagelayerspecifieshowmessagesareframed,convertedandtransmittedinadedicatedtransportlayer.Italsospecifiessecurityservices(suchasidentityauthentication,authorization,messageencryptionandintegritychecking),networkconnection,initializationofsynchronousmessages,initializationofsecurityservices,etc.Thetransportlayercorrespondstothetransportlayerofnetworkequipment.RPReaderDataProtocolislocatedinthedataplane.EPCglobalstandardoverview032.StandardofEPCglobalSystemFramework4)Low-LayerReaderProtocol(LLRP)TheLLRPprovidesacommoninterfacespecificationforusercontrolandcoordinationoftheairinterfaceprotocolparametersofthereader.Itiscloselyrelatedtoairinterfaceprotocol.Itcanconfigureandmonitorthenumberofslotframes,Qparameters,transmittingpower,receivingsensitivity,modulationrateofanti-collisionalgorithminISO/IEC18000-6TypeC.Itcancontrolandmonitortheselectioncommand,readingprocessandsessionprocessandsoon.Inthedensereaderenvironment,byadjustingparameterssuchastransmitpower,transmitfrequency,andmodulationrate,interferencebetweenreaderscanbegreatlyeliminated.Itisasupplementtothereaderprotocol,responsibleforthemanagementandcontrolofthereader'sperformance,makingthereaderprotocolfocusondataexchange.TheLLRPislocatedonthecontrolplane.5)RMReaderManagementProtocolRMreadermanagementprotocolislocatedintheinterfacebetweenreaderandreadermanagement.Itregulatesthewaytoaccessthereaderconfiguration,suchasthenumberofantennas,andthewaytomonitortheoperationstatusofthereader,suchasthenumberoftagsread,theconnectionstatusoftheantenna,etc.Inaddition,italsostandardizesthesimplenetworkmanagementprotocol(SNMP)andmanagementinformationbase(MIB)forRFIDdevices.RMreadermanagementprotocolislocatedinthemanagementplane.EPCglobalstandardoverview032.StandardofEPCglobalSystemFramework6)ApplicationLevelEvent(ALE)StandardTheALEstandardprovidesoneormoreapplicationstoprocessEPCdatarequeststooneormorereaders.Throughthisinterface,userscanobtainfilteredandcollatedEPCdata.ALEisbasedonServiceOrientedArchitecture(SOA),whichcanabstractserviceinterfaces,justasSQLabstractstheinternalmechanismofrelationaldatabases.ItcanbequeriedbyALEenginewithoutconcernfornetworkprotocolsordevices.7)EPCISCaptureInterfaceProtocolEPCIScaptureinterfaceprotocolprovidesawaytotransmitEPCISevents,includingEPCISwarehouse,networkEPCISaccessprogram,andpartnerEPCISaccessprogram.8)EPCISQueryInterfaceProtocolEPCISqueryinterfaceprotocolprovidesmethodsforEPCISaccessprocedurestoobtainEPCISdatafromEPCISrepositoriesorEPCIScaptureapplications.EPCglobalstandardoverview032.StandardofEPCglobalSystemFramework9)EPCISDiscoveryInterfaceProtocolTheEPCISDiscoveryInterfaceProtocolprovidesawaytolockallEPCISservicesthatmaycontaininformationaboutanEPC.10)TDTTagDataconversionFrameworkTheTDTtagdataconversionframeworkprovidesafilethatcanbeconvertedbetweenEPCcodes,whichenablestheenduser'sinfrastructurecomponentstoautomaticallyknowthenewEPCformat.11)UserAuthenticationInterfaceProtocolTheuserauthenticationinterfaceprotocolisusedtoverifytheidentityofanEPCglobaluser,etc.,whichiscurrentlyunderdevelopment.EPCglobalstandardoverview032.StandardofEPCglobalSystemFrameworkClassificationStandardVersionApplicationinterfaceDatastandardTagdatastandard（TDS1.4）UserInterfaceTagdataresolutionprotocol（TDT）(TDT1.0)SoftwareandhardwaredevelopmentandsystemintegratorinterfaceInterfacestandardTagairinterfaceprotocolUHFC1G2V1.1.0(UHFC1G21.0.9)V1.2.0(UHFC1G21.2.0)Lowlevelreaderprotocol（LLRP）(LLRP1.0.1)Readerprotocol（RP）(RP1.1)Readermanagementprotocol（RM）(RM1.0.1)Applicationleveleventspecification(ALE1.1.1)InformationservicetagEPCISinformationservice（EPCIS）EPCISgetinterface（EPCIS1.0.1）Softwaredeveloperinterface,EPCorganizationinterface,informationserviceproviderinterfaceEPCISgetspecifications（EPCIS1.0.1）Objectnameservice（ONS）（ONS1.1）CertificationstandardsEPC

certificationV2.0EPCorganizationinterfacePedigreecertificationV1.0StandardsunderdevelopmentTagairinterfaceprotocol（HFV2）

EPCorganizationinterfaceReaderdiscovery,configurationandinitializationDiscoveryservice（DS）Table3-2RFIDstandardapplicationofEPCglobalsystemframeworkEPCglobalstandardoverview032.StandardofEPCglobalSystemFramework(1)900MHzC1ass0RFIDtagspecification.Thespecificationdefinesthecommunicationprotocolandcommunicationinterfaceusedfor900MHzClass0operation,specifiestheRFcommunicationrequirementsandtagrequirementsforthisband,andgivesthebasicalgorithmsrequiredforcommunicationinthisband.(2)13.56MHzISMbandClasslRFIDtaginterfacespecification.Thespecificationdefinesthecommunicationprotocolandcommunicationinterfaceusedinthe13.56MHzISMbandClassloperation,specifiestheRFcommunicationrequirementsandtagrequirementsfortheband,andgivesthebasicalgorithmsrequiredforcommunicationinthisband.(3)869-930MHzClasslRFIDtagandlogiccommunicationinterfacespecification.Thespecificationdefinesthecommunicationprotocolandcommunicationinterfaceusedfor860-930MHzClass1operation,specifiestheRFcommunicationrequirementsandtagrequirementsforthisband,andgivesthebasicalgorithmsrequiredforcommunicationinthisband.(4)ClasslGen2UHFRFIDconformancerequirementsspecification.ThespecificationgivestheClasslGen2UHFRFIDprotocolofEPCglobalinthe860-960MHzband,includingthephysicalinteractionrequirementsbetweenthereaderandthetag,andtherequirementsofreaderandtagoperationflowandcommand.EPCglobalstandardoverview032.StandardofEPCglobalSystemFramework(5)EPCglobalframework.ItdefinesanddescribestheframeworkofEPCglobalarchitecture.Itisasetofinteractionstandardsofhardware,softwareanddatainterfacesandcorebusinessofEPCglobal.ItrepresentsallbusinessesthatuseEPCcodetoimprovetheefficiencyofsupplychainoperation.(6)EPCtagdatastandard.ThestandardadoptedbytheEPCglobalmanagementcommitteegivesaseriesofcodingschemes,

includingtheEAN.UCCGlobalTradeItemNumber(GTIN)andtheEAN.UCCSeriesShippingContainerCode(SSCC).,EAN.UCCGlobalLocationNumber(GLN),EAN.UCCGlobalReturnableAssetIdentifier(GRAI),EAN.UCCGlobalIndividualAssetIdentifier(GIAI),EAN.UCCGlobalServiceRelationNumber(GSRN)andGeneralIdentifier(GID).itaddstheUSdepartmentofdefensestructureheaderandURI.EPCglobalstandardoverview032.StandardofEPCglobalSystemFramework(7)ClasslGen2UHFairinterfaceprotocolstandard.Gen2hasseveralcharacteristics:ithasopenstandardsandconformstothespecificationsofultra-highfrequencybandsinvariouscountries,differentvendorshavegoodcompatibilitybetweendevices;Highreliability,highrecognitionrateoftags,andtestingatfardistanceshasareadingrateofnearly100%;Thechipwillshrinkto1/2to1/3oftheexistingversion,Gen2taghas96Bofstoragespaceinthechip,withaspecificpassword,greaterstoragecapacityandbetterSecurityperformance,andeffectivelypreventthechipfrombeingillegallyread,quicklyadapttotheerratictaggroup;Itcanworkinadensereaderenvironment.Tagisolationspeedishigh,isolationratecanreach1500tagspersecondinNorthAmerica,andupto600tagspersecondinEurope;Itissecureandconfidential,theprotocolallowstwo32-bitpasswordstobeset.Oneisusedtocontrolthereadandwriterightsofthetag,theotherisusedtocontrolthedisable/destroyrightofthetag,andtheone-waycommunicationbetweenthereaderandthetagisused;Ithasgoodreal-timeperformance,allowingthetagtoenterthereadingareaandcanstillbereadafterthedelay.ThisisnotpossiblebyGenl;theanti-interferenceisstrong,andthewiderspectrumandRFdistributionimprovethefrequencymodulationperformanceofUHFtoreduceInterferencewithotherradioequipment;tagmemoryusesextensiblestoragespace,inprinciple,userscanhaveunlimitedmemory;thereadingrateisgreatlyimproved,andthereadingrateofGen2tagsis10timesthatofexistingtags,whichmakesRFIDapplicationLabelsenablehigh-speedautomatedwork.EPCglobalstandardoverview032.StandardofEPCglobalSystemFramework(8)Applicationleveleventspecification.ThestandardadoptedbytheEPCglobalManagementCommitteedefinestheparametersandfunctionsofaninterfacethroughwhichuserscanobtainfiltered,collatedelectronicproductcodedata.(9)Objectnameresolutionbusinessspecificatio