固有思维模式转变为发展思维模式

固有思维模转变为发展思维模式WHYdosometheircreativepotentialotherequallytalentedpeersdon’t?SkiptonextparagraphEnlargeThisImageJamesYangAfterthreedecadesofpainstakingresearch,theStanfordpsychologistCarolthattheanswertothepuzzleliesinthinkaboutintelligenceandThosetheywerebornwithallthesmartsandgiftsthey’reevergoingtohaveapproachwithwhatsheset.”ieveabilitiescanexpandovertime,however,livewitha“growthmindset.”Guesswhichonesprovetobemostinnovativeovertime.“Societyisobsessedwiththeideaoftalentandgeniusandpeoplewhoare‘naturals’withinnate”saysMs.Dweck,whoisknownforresearchthatcrossestheboundariesofpersonal,socialanddevelopmentalpsychology.“Peoplewhobelieveinthepoweroftalenttendnottofulfilltheirpotential’resomistakes.Butpeoplewhobelievethattalentcanbedevelopedaretheoneswhoreallypush,stretch,confronttheirownmistakesandlearnfromthem.”Inthiscase,nurturewinsoutovernaturejustabouteverytime.Whilesomemanagersapplytheseprincipleseveryday,toomanyothersinsteadbelievethathiringthebestandthebrightestfromtop-flightschoolsguaranteescorporatesuccess.Theproblemisthat,havingbeenidentifiedasgeniuses,theanointedbecomefearfuloffallingfromgrace.“It’shardtomoveforwardcreativelyandfosterteamworkeachistolooklikethebiggeststarintheconstellation,”Ms.Dwecksays.Inher2006book,“Mindset:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,”sheshowshowadoptingeitherafixedorgrowthattitudetowardtalentcan

profoundlyaffectallaspectsofaperson’slife,fromparentingandromanticrelationshipstosuccessatschoolandonthejob.Sheattributesthesuccessofseveralhigh-profilechiefexecutivestotheirgrowthmind-set,anenergizeaworkincludeJohnF.WelchJr.ofGeneralElectric,whovaluedteamworkoverindividualLouisV.ofwhobookaboutI.B.M.’sturnaroundto“thethousandsofI.B.M.’erswhonevergaveupon”;andAnneofXerox,focusedmoraleofsheimplementedpainfulcuts.ButMs.Dweckdoesnotsuggestthatrecruitersignoreinnatetalent.Instead,shesuggestslookingforbothtalentandagrowthmind-setinprospectivehires—peoplewithapassionforlearningwhothriveonchallengeandchange.Afterreadingherbook,ScottForstall,seniorvicepresidentofAppleinchargeofiPhonesoftware,contactedMs.DwecktotalkabouthisexperienceputtingtogethertheiPhonedevelopmentteam.Mr.ForstalltoldherthatheidentifiedanumberofsuperstarswithinvariousdepartmentsatAppleandaskedtheminforachat.Atofeachhe’trevealdetailsoftheprojecthewasworkingon.Buthepromisedtheopportunity,Ms.Dwecksays,“tomakemistakesandstruggle,buteventuallywemaydosomethingthatwe’llremembertherestofourlives.”Onlypeopleimmediatelyattheendedontheteam.“Itwashisintuitionthathewantedpeoplewhovaluedstretchingthemselvesoverbeingkingoftheirparticularhill,”shesays.Peopleagrowthtendthekindofperseveranceandresiliencerequiredtolife’sintosuccesses.ThatabilitytolearnfromexperiencewascitedastheNo.1ingredientforcreativeachievementinapollof143creativityresearcherscitedin“HandbookofCreativity”in1999.Whichleadsonetoask:Isitpossibletoshiftfromafixedmind-settoagrowthmind-set?Absolutely,accordingtoBut,“it’snoteasytoletgoofsomethingthathasfeltlikeyourselfformanyyears,”shewrites.Still,shesays,“nothingisbetterthanseeingfindtheirwaytothingstheyvalue.”

JanetRae-Dupreewritesaboutscience为什么一些涉及商业领域的人们能有拥有着创造性的潜意识反之其他的与他们拥有同等智商的同龄人却不能呢?看下一段你将会有所发现JamesYang经过3个世纪的不屑努力,Stanford心理研究学家CarolDweck相信答案主要困惑是在于人们是如何认为智慧与才能的那些相信自己生来就机智灵敏赋有天赋的人们,他们曾经企图想用她所说的一种固有的思维模式"来与生活靠近那些认为自己的能够可以随着时间的推移而增强的人们反之,他们却生活在"扩张性思维模式"中.到现在为止,猜想下哪些人被证实是最有革新的思想呢社会被天才与天赋思想所捆饶着,那些圣人是天生固有的能力,"Dweck先生说,他以研究个人,社会和发展心理学的界限而著称"人们相信天才的能力并没有发挥出他们本有的潜在能力是因为他们太过于在意他们外观的敏锐和奠定的事实.但是那些认为天才属于一些接受对他们施加压力,磨练和勇敢面对自己所犯的错误并吸收改正它的人们既然这样,后期培养远远胜过天资,是把握一个过程.当经理每天都重复提出这些原则的同时其它渗透出来的一些概念也证实出了雇佣最好的知名学校的尖子能够确保公司的受益问题在于,一直被认为的所谓的天才，这种观点开始漫漫的腿色变地不那么完美了＂如果群雄中的每一位都想要冒头那么就很难在达到更加具有创造性和突出的培养小组的目的了．＂Dweck女士说．在２００６年她的书中＂思维模式＂一种新型成功心理学＂她指出如果接受对于天才所固有的和可发展的态度才能深刻的影响到人类各个方面的生活教养，富有想象的关系到学校的突出和事业上的成就．她归因几个典型首要执行官的成功到他们的发展思维模式中证了一个人的能力可以激发他们的工作动力。他们是通用电器的F.Welch，他以个人才能论断一个小组的价值；IBM的V.GerstnerJr.，献身于他的著作是有关IBM的转向专门针对那些从没放弃过计算机事业的上千万职员们有Xerox的AnneM.Mulcahy，正当面临裁员的危险处境她还坚持满怀斗志的鼓舞着她的职员们。

但是Dweck女士并不建议被雇佣者因此就忽视了本身的才能反的她还建议对于未来它们所要招聘的职员必须天资与发展性思维模式要同时进行—喜欢挑战并能改变局势的那些迫切渴望得到知识的人们。苹果公司负责iPhone软件的高级副总裁Forstall在读够她书以后联络Dweck女士谈论了关于包括发展小组在内的他所经历的经验Forstall先生告诉她说他识别在苹果公司各个部门的一批高端人才是通过把他们叫来与他谈话的这种方式。在面谈一开始，他就提醒这些应聘者说他对他所进