2018高考英语全国卷试题答案官方版doc

2018高考英语全国卷试题及答案官方版绝密★启封前注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考据号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考据号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定地点。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷种类A后的方框涂黑。2.选择题的作答：每题选出答案后，用

2B

铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、底稿纸和答题卡上的非答题地区均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用署名笔挺接答在答题卡上对应的答题地区内。写在试题卷、底稿纸和答题卡上的非答题地区均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下边5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应地点。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间往返答相关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Havingabirthdayparty.B.Doingsomeexercise.C.GettingLydiaagift2.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Helptheman.B.Takeabus.C.Getacamera3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.TellKatetostop.B.CallKate,sfriends.C.StayawayfromKate.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inawineshop.B.Inasupermarket.C.Inarestaurant.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Keepthewindowclosed.B.Gooutforfreshair.C.Turnonthefan.听第6段资料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthemangoingtodothissummer?A.Teachacourse.B.Repairhishouse.C.Workatahotel.7.Howwillthemanusethemoney?A.Tohireagardener.B.Tobuybooks.C.Topayforaboattrip.听第7段资料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?Schoolmates.Colleagues.Roommates.9.WhatdoesFrankplantodorightaftergraduation?A.Workasaprogrammer.B.Travelaroundtheworld.C.Starthisownbusiness.第二节（共

15小题；每题

1.5分，满分

22.5分）听下边5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应地点。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第8段资料，回答第10至12题10.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Tobookahotelroom.11.Whenwillthewomenarriveatthehotel?A.OnSeptember1512.Howmuchwillthewomanpayherroompernight?A.$179B.$199C.$219听第9段资料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthewoman’splanforSaturday?A.GoingshoppingB.GoingcampingC.Goingboating14.WherewilltnewomanstayinKeswick?A.InacountryinnB.Inafive-starhotelC.Inheraunt’shome15.WhatwillGordondoovertheweekend?A.Visithisfriends16.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofGordon’scomingweekend?A.RelaxedB.BoringC.Busy.听第10段资料，回答第17至20题17.WhoisWangMing?A.AstudentB.AnemployerC.Anengineer18.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthecollegejobmarketthisyear?A.It’sunpredictableB.It’squitestableC.It’snotoptimistic19.Wharpercentageofstudentjobseekershavefoundajobbynow?A．20％B.22％C.50％20.Whyareengineeringgraduatesmorelikelytoacceptajob?A.TheyneedmoreworkexperienceB.ThesalaryisusuallygoodC.Theirchoiceislimited.第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每题2分，满分30分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最正确选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860-1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addanshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneedIn1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907-1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930-present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointhe’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913-2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RasaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetlfftheMontgmerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredlrgivingin,”saidParks.21.WhatisjaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork.B.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.C.Hereffortstowinaprize.D.Hercommunitybackground.WhatisthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheUS?A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO’Connor.24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.C23.D细节理解题。依据末段倒数第二句中andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement可知，RosaParks对民权运动做出了贡献。应选D。24.C推理判断题。依据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的前驱。应选C。考点：人物类短文阅读BGrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverpleasedmoveaway,.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGaffinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemovetoasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandintotheWhiteHousepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson‘sdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.“inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughfsstenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”saysChristineCrosby,publisherofgratemanazineforgrandparents.Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportant””tobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’rerainingchildren.”Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?A．Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B．Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C．Itenabledhermakemorefriends.D．Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.’sdecision?A．17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B．Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C．83%believedithadabadinfluence.D．Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?A．Theywereunsureofraisemorechildren.B．Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C．Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D．Theybadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparent.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelasrparagraph?Makedecisionsinthebestinterests'oftheirownAsktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothemSacrificefortheirstrugglingchildrenGettoknowthemselvesbetter【答案】A26.D27.C28.A26.D细节理解题。依据第二段末句TwothirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily可知，好多人会受MarianRobinson的影响，因此这回形成一种潮流。应选D。27.C细节理解题。依据第三段首句可知，在60年月人们都希望走开家，以此来证明自己的独立。应选C。28.A推理判断题。依据末段推知，作者建议人们要理智不要为了孩子而做出牺牲。应选

A。考点：社会生活类短文阅读CIampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐赠者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:”Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:”Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplancetobeheldforme.re-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethanthatpotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword

boxyou’regotsomethingthatis“courier”inParagraph17AproviderBdeliverymanCcollectorDmedicaldoctor30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?C.ToProvidenceD.ToWashington【答案】29.B30.D31.B【分析】试题剖析：本文是一篇记述文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友善。29.B词义猜想题。依据本段内容I’vedone89trips和Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittlebox

以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是

deliveryman。应选B。考点：故事类短文阅读DThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(示意)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicudnerdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-geiversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexpericencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.32.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.33.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.34.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.35.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.B33.A细节理解题。依据第二段中whatmaybeimpliedisthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing可知中国人以为讲话时人们缄默是在思虑。考点：社会生活类短文阅读第二节（共5小题，每题2分，满分10分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，

选项中有两项为剩余选项。Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate。Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags(落伍)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”Spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”38Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,Forexample,Let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“13520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample,”bridge“mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”40However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.【答案】36.D37.E38.G39.F40.A38.G依据后边的解说内容能够判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项切合语境。39.F依据后边的举例以及前句中的acodebook能够判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项能够起到承前启后的作用。40.A依据空后内容的转折可知只管利用密码书能够破译密码，可是一本密码书也不会使用好久的时间，故判断A选项切合语境。考点：七选五阅读理解第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下边短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出能够填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。AHeroicDriveralong165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis42.suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.43hegotcloser,hefound44vehicleupsidedownontheroad.Onemorelookandhenoticed45shootingoutfromunderthe46vehicle.Larrypulledover,setthebrakeand47thefireextinguisher(灭火器).Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48andtoldLarryhehad49anemergencycall.They50heardawoman’svoicecomingfromthewrecked(破坏的)vehicle.51thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostay52untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53shethoughtthecarwasgoingto54.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove55sheinjuredherneck.Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrive,Larryandtheotherman56andletthemgotowork.Then,Larryaskedthe57ifhewasneededor58togo.Theylethimandtheothermango.Onethingis59—Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallofdutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle!His60mostlikelysavedthewoman’slife.B.touringC．travelingD．rushing42.43.A.SinceB.AlthoughC.AsD.If44.A.eachD.his45.A.flamesD.steam46.A.usedB.disabledC.removedD.abandoned47.A.gotholdofD.controlled48.A.camedownB.camethroughC.cameinD.cameover49.A.returnedB.receivedC.madeD.confirmed50.A.thenB.againC.finallyD.even51.A.StartingD.Approaching52.A.quietD.calm53.A.forB.soC.andD.but54.A.explodeB.slipaway55.A.asifB.unlessC.incaseD.after56.A.steppedforwardB.backedoffC.movedonD.setout57.A.womanB.policeC.manD.driver58.A.forbiddenB.readyC.askedD.free59.A.forcertainB.forconsiderationC.reportedD.checked60.A.patienceB.skillsC.effortsD.promise【答案】41.C42.D43.C44.B45.A46.B47.A48.D49.C50.A51.D52.B53.D54.A55.C56.B57.B58.D59.A60.C43.C考察连词辨析及语境理解。依据语境判断当他走近的时候，他又发现了另一辆汽车。as“当时候”44.B考察代词辨析及语境理解。依据前句

Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson,

可知当时有一辆开着亮灯的车，由此判断他又发现一辆损毁的汽车。45.A考察名词辨析及语境理解。依据第一段末句thefirewasputout可知当时汽车是着火了。Flame火苗；smoke烟；water水；steam蒸汽。应选A。46.B考察形容词词辨析及语境理解。依据第二段中awomen’svoicecomingfromthewreckedvehicle，可知汽车是破坏了的，used使用；disabled残废的；removed被移除了的；abandoned被遗弃的。应选B。47.A考察动词辨析及语境理解。依据后句可知他下车灭火。Getholdof拿起；prepare准备；takechargeof负责；control控制。应选A50.A考察副词辨析及语境理解。依据语境判断他们听到车内有人发出的声音。Then那时；again再次；finally终于；even甚至。应选A。51.D考察动词辨析及语境理解。依据上文可知汽车着火了，状况很危险，由此推测Larry离汽车远，由此判断走近了才看到车内的那位女士。52.B考察形容词辨析及语境理解。依据本段末句sheshouldnotmove可知，Larry让这名女士不要动。Quiet寂静的；still不动的；away远离的；calm沉稳的；应选B。53.D考察连词辨析及语境理解。依据后句能够推测这位受困的女士想从汽车里出来，而Larry不让她动，怕她伤到脖子，这两句话之间是转折关系。54.A考察动词辨析及语境理解。依据后句内容判断这位妇女惧怕汽车会爆炸。Explore爆炸；slipaway溜走；fallapart崩溃；crash坠毁，摔碎；应选A。学.科.网55.C考察短语和介词辨析及语境理解。Stepforward走上前往；backoff退后；moveon持续；setout出发，依据上文可知Larry惧怕她脖子会受伤，前后句之间是假定关系。56.B考察动词短语辨析及语境理解。依据后句内容能够推测他们为了不阻碍警察救人，都退到后边。57.B考察名词辨析及语境理解。的警察赶到现场。应选B。

依据上文

Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived

可知是营救58.D考察形容词辨析及语境理解。依据后句可知警察让他走开了，由此判断

Larry

咨询警察他能否离开。59.A考察短语辨析及语境理解。forconsideration以供参照；report报导；check核实；60.C考察名词辨析及语境理解。Patience耐心；skill技术；effort努力；promise许诺；故选C。依据从上文可知Larry努力拯救了他人的性命。考点：故事类短文阅读第II卷第三部分英语知识运用第二节（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下边资料，在空白处填入适合的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop____61_(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I_____62_（arrow）togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe__63___(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback____64__mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____65_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__66___(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude____67_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Onmurecentvisit,Ihelpalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby_____68_(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__69__(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,__70____otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.【答案】attractionwasall