上海市黄浦区2023届高三英语一模试卷及答案(官方版)

上海市黄浦区2023届高三上学期期终调研测试〔一模〕英语试卷II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,

useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.〔A〕TheProblemwithTop-SchoolListsTherearearound4,000accrediteduniversitiesandotherhighereducationinstitutionintheUnitedStates.Theyofferanimmenserangeofeducationalexperiences,25__________largeresearchuniversitiestosmall,friendlyliberalartscolleges.Thishelpsexplain26_________theUnitedStatesattractsmoreinternationalstudentsthananyothercountry,saysAllanE.Goodman,presidentoftheInstituteofInternationalEducation,27___________non-profitgrouppromotingstudentexchangestoandfromAmerican.“Whileelite(精英)U.Sprogramsareamongthetoptenintheworld,〞Goodmansays,“theuniquestrengthoftheU.S.highereducationsystemisdiversity.〞Thereisnoofficialrankingsystemtoindicatewhichinstitutionsarebetterthanothers,28__________severalunofficialrankingsarelistedbymagazinesandassociations.However,educatorsurgecautioninusingarankingtableandemphasizethat29___________(good)choiceforonestudentmaybeverydifferentforanother.Institutionsofalltypes30___________(spread)acrosstheUnitedStates.SomestudentswantacampusthatwillgivethemtheexcitementandrichculturallifeofabigcitysuchasNewYork,Chicago,orLosAngeles.31__________valuethepeaceandbeautyofaruralsetting,whetherthequietforestsandsnowywintersoftheNortheast,subtropicalFlorida,thedryexpanseoftheWest,orthePacificcoastwithitsseashoreandnearbymountains.Manyinstitutionshaveparticularstrengthsincertainacademicareas,32___________(make)themagoodchoiceforstudentsinterestedinthosefields.〔B〕AnevolvinggameAsiahasalreadybecomeacenterofthewomen’sprofessionalgame,andmuchofthegrowthinparticipationacrosstheworldiscomingfromwomen’sgolf.Family-friendlyfacilities33___________(develop)foranewgolfingdemographic(人群)inthefollowingyears,34__________morewomenareplayingthegameandmenandwomenareincreasinglyspendingtheirleisuretimetogether.Children’sengagementwiththegamewillincrease.InChina,golfisrecognizedasagame35___________teacheschildrenimportantlifeprinciples.Freegolftrainingisofferedtokinder-gartnersandsomeparentsarenowpreparedtospendupto300,000yuanayearonlessonsfortheirchildren.“Asiawillplayanincreasinglyvitalroleinthefurturedevelopmentofgolf,〞saytopplayerspastandpresent.MoretopeventswillbeaddedtothescheduleinChinaandotherplacesinAsia,36__________thegameisbecomingmorepopular.Back-to-backOpenChampionPadraigHarringtonagrees:Youonly37___________lookattheEuropeanTour’sscheduleandseehowmanytournamentsarenowbeinghostedbyAsia,whetherintheMiddleEastorFarEast,〞hesays.“Changeisthepriceofsurvival,〞saysgolflegendGaryPlayer,oneofahandfulofplayers38__________(achieve)theCareerGrandSlam(大满贯).“Withtheeyesofthesportnowfirmly39___________(focus)onAsia,Icanseeseveraloftheworld’sTop10comingfromAsiaandseveralmoreglobaltournamentshostedthereby2023.〞Thegamewillalsobecomemoretechnologicallyengaged.Advancesindigitaltechnologywillchangethefaceof40_________(coach)with“smartclubs〞whichmemorizesgolfers’sgripandswing,allowingthemtoanalyzetheirperformanceandlearnfromtheirmistakes.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Donotethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.includingB.creationC.extendedD.prohibitedE.suggestionsF.specialG.linkingH.investmentI.agreementsJ.coatingK.legalLastweek,VerizonandGoogleproposedaplantheysaycouldkeeptheInternetopenwhilesupporting_____41_____inhigh-speedInternetservice.Verizonhasthenation'sbiggestwirelessnetworkwhileGoogleisthebiggestInternetsearchengine.Theproposalwasasurprisebecausethetwocompanieshavebeenonoppositesidesofthedebateovernetneutrality.ThatistheideathatallcontentontheWebshouldbetreatedequally.InternetserviceproviderswanttobeabletochargemoreforheavyInternettrafficoruserswhowant_____42____services.TheFederalCommunicationsCommissionregulatestelephone,cableandsatellitecommunications.ButitspowertoregulateInternetservicehasbeenquestionedinthecourts.Thenewproposalcallsforrulesbarringserviceprovidersfrompreventingusersfromsendingandreceiving_____43_____informationofanykind.Usersalsocouldnotbepreventedfrom_____44_____anyapplication,serviceordevicetheychoosetotheWeb.AndbroadbandInternetproviderswouldbe_____45_____fromdiscriminatingagainstcontentandwouldhavetobeopenabouttheirpolicies.Supportersofnetneutralitycriticizedtheproposalfornot_____46_____wirelessproviders.WirelessbroadbandisamongthefastestgrowingpartsoftheInternet.Othersopposethe_____47_____ofa"two-tiered"systemontheInternetinwhichsomecontentgetsafastlaneandothercontentgoesslowly.ButDanielBrennersayssuchasystemalreadyexists.DANIELBRENNER:"Insomewaystherearetwotierstoday.Inotherwords,there'sthepublicInternetwhichwealluseforWebsurfing,e-mailandsometimesforvoice.Andthentherearemanagednetworks."DanielBrennerisapartneratthelawfirmHoganLovellsinWashington.Hesaysserviceproviderswanttobeabletochargemorebecausetheybuildnetworksouttotheircustomersacrossthecountry.Suchcompaniesaretheso-called"lastmile"providers.But,theInternetisreallyanetworkofnetworkswhichexchangetrafficallthetimeandcompetewitheachother.Andnotallnetworksreachthelastmiletoacustomer'sdoor.PaulKouroupasofGlobalCrossingsayshiscompanywantstomakesure_____48_____betweenserviceprovidersarehonoredonallnetworks.Thatway,aservicepromisedbyGlobalCrossingonitsfiberopticnetworkwillbe_____49_____allthewaytoacustomer'sdoor—evenifanothercompanycarriestheservicethatlastmile.TheVerizon-Googleproposaloffers_____50_____foradebatethatisnotlikelytoendsoon.DanielBrennersaystheFCCneedsclearerguidelinesfromCongress.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Digitalfingerprinting,fluctuations〔波动〕inthedollarexchangerate,andamassofonlineinformationaresomeofthewaysmakingtraveltotheUnitedNationsin2023adifferent__51___forinternationalvisitorsthanitwasearlierinthe21stcentury.These__52___areevidentbeforethevisitorsleaveshisorhercountry.In2023,theU.S.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity(DHS)——adepartmentofthefederalgovernmentestablishedbylawsandregulationsinlate2002,aftertheSeptember11,2001,terroristattacks——establishedanewseriesofsecurity__53__fortheinternationalvisitorsholdingnon-U.S.passportsorvisas.__54__whenthesevisitorsapplyforavisa,theofficer___55___themreviewstheirapplicationandsupportingpapersandcollectsbothdigitalfingerprintsandadigitalphotograph.Recently,thewaitingtimefortheseinterviewshasbeensignificantly__56__.AccordingtoGeoffFreeman,aseniorvicepresidentofpublicaffairsofU.S.Travel,thetradeorganizationfortheU.S.travelindustry,manyprospectivevisaapplicantsnowwaitfewerthan30daysforaninterview,___57___morethan100daysinthepast.TheVisaWaiterProgram(VWP)——which__58___citizensfromcountriesthatmeetvarioussecurityandotherrequirementsfromobtainingavisaforvisitstotheUnitedStatesof90daysorfewerforbusinessorpleasure——___59___36countriessuchasAustralia,Austria,Belgiumandsoon.Atravelerfromacountry__60__intheVWPmustobtainanElectronicSystemforTravelAuthorization(ESTA),anonlinetravelauthorization,establishedbyDHS.ESTAdetermines,beforethetravelerboardsaflight,whetherthetraveleris___61___totraveltotheUnitedStatesundertheVWPandwhethersuchtravelposesanylawimplementationorsecurityrisks.WhenaninternationaltravelerarrivesintheUnitedStates,heorshemustsubjectoneofthetwo__62__totheU.S.CustomsandBoarderProtection(CBP)officer:eitherawhiteFormI-94,ifthetravelerhasavisa,oragreenFormI-94W,ifthetravelerisaVWPparticipant.TheCBPofficerasksthetravelerquestionsabouthisorherstay,scansthetraveler’sfingerprints,andtakesadigitalphotograph.___63___,VWPtravelers,whoarenotrequiredtoobtainavisa,willsoonneedtopayafee.ThetravelerskeepsaportionoftheI-94orI-94WformaftertheCBP___64___andreturnsittoCBPupondeparturefromtheUnitedStates.In2023Congressauthorizedtheconsumptionof$40millionona“ModelPortsofEntry〞program,designedtoimprovethe____65____proceduresofforeigntravelersatthe20U.S.airportswiththehighestnumberofinternationalvisitors.Theprogramaimstoimprovestaffing,queuemanagement,signage,andinfrastructureatthetop20U.S.internationalairportsandtohireatleast200newCBPofficers.A.experimentB.examinationC.experienceD.excursionA.changesB.fluctuationsC.fingerprintsDmunicationsA.explanationsB.registrationsC.applicationsD.proceduresA.SurprisinglyB.SpecificallyC.HopefullyD.OccasionallyA.inspectingB.instructingC.interviewingD.investigatingA.reducedB.resolvedC.reviewedD.releasedA.owingtoBparedtoC.accordingtoD.addeduptoA.protectsB.stimulatesC.promisesD.relievesA.leadstoB.appliestoC.dependsonD.makesupA.perseveringB.previewingC.participatingD.promotingA.accessibleB.acceptableC.availableD.adaptableA.participantsB.decisionsC.documentsD.photographsA.ForinstanceB.AsaresultC.InadditionD.OnthecontraryA.checkB.projectC.designD.proposalA.queueB.programC.arrivalD.departureSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)In1801,GiuseppePiazzidiscoveredanewobjectinthesky.Hethoughtitwasanundiscoveredcomet.Afterfurtherobservation,herealizedthatitbehavedmorelikeasmallplanetthanacomet.PiazzinameditCeresaftertheSicilliangoddessofgrain.Ceresremainsthelargestknownasteroids〔小行星〕inthesky.Itmeansalmost600miles〔1,000km)indiameter.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,severalhundredotherasteroidshadbeenidentified.Tensofthousandsofasteroidshavesincebeendiscovered,withthousandsmorefoundeachyear.Asteroidsaremassesofrockandmetalthatorbit〔绕轨道而行〕thesunbetweenMarsandJupiter.TheydidnotformintoplanetsbecausetheperturbationsofJupiterkeptthemmovingtoofasttojointogether.ThetotalmassofalloftheasteroidsislessthanthesizeofEarth’smoon.SomeoftheasteroidsmoveinorbitsoutsidethezonebetweenMarsandJupiter.AsteroidsthatcomerelativelyclosetoEarthareknownasnear-Earthasteroids(NEAs).Scientistsestimatethatabout1,000oftheseasteroidsare0.6miles(1km)indiameter.Anasteroidofthiscolliding〔碰撞〕withEarthwouldbedisastrous.ScientistshavefoundtwositeswheregiantasteroidsstruckEarthmillionsofyearsago.OneasteroidhitAntarcticaabout250millionyearsago.AnotherasteroidstruckMexico’sYucantanPeninsulaaround65millionyearsago,leavingahole112miles(180km)wideand1,000yards(915m)deep.Onetheoryblamestheextinctionofthedinosaursonthisasteroids’scollisionwithEarthandtheclimatechangethatresultedfromitsimpact.Occasionally,smallasteroidsstrikeEarth.Thesecauselittledamage.Majorcollision,suchastheonethatmayhavekilledthedinosaurs,occurrarely--perhapsonlyonceevery100millionyears.Althoughthechanceofanasteroidstrikingtheplanetanytimesoonissmall,scientistscontinuetostudytheorbitsofasteroidsinthesky.TheypayparticularlycloseattentiontotheasteroidswhosepathsareclosetoEarth,andhaveevenlandedaspacecraftonanNEAnamedEros.Theirworkhelpsthemlearnabouttheformationofthesolarsystem.Itmayevenhelpthemdiscoverwaystoavoidanasteroiddisasterinthefuture.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaboutasteroids?A.Asteroidsarecomposedofrockandmetal.B.AsteroidsorbitthesunbetweenMarsandJupiter.C.Largenear-EarthasteroidsaresuretostrikeEarth.D.AlargeasteroidcollidingwithEarthwouldcauseadisaster.Theword“perturbations〞(paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto“〞.A.FormationofrocksB.DisturbanceofmotionC.EstimationofscientistsD.InfluencesofsizeWhatscientistshavefoundimpliesthatA.twositesofEarthhitgiantasteroidsmillionsofyearsagoB.AntarcticawasoncestruckbyanasteroidmillionsofyearsagoC.oneasteroidleftahugeholeinMexico250millionyearsagoD.theextinctionofdinosaursresultedinasteroid’scollisionwithEarthWhichofthefollowingeventshappenedthirdaccordingtothepassage?A.GiuseppePiazzidiscoveredanewobjectandnameitCeres.B.ScientistshadaspacecraftlandonErostolearnmoreaboutthesolarsystem.C.Asteroidsorbitingthesunfailedtoformintoplanets.D.Severalhundredasteroidshadbeenidentifiedbytheendofthenineteenthcentury.(B)TheBox-OfficeNumbersTheBox-OfficeNumbersTheMotionPictureAssociationofAmerican(MPAA)*hasproduceda24reportthatsummarizesbox-officedata,primarilyusingboldchartsandgraphs.Toaccesstheentirereport,“2023U.S.TheatricalMarketStatistics,〞goingtoHighlightsofthereportincludeIn2023,theU.S.Movieindustry’sbox-officerevenues(收入)totaled$25.2billion,withjustoverone-thirdofthat,$9.49billion,comingfromdomesticaudiencesandtherestfrominternationalaudience.Bothdomesticandforeignticketsalesincreasedfrom2023,buttheforeignrevenuesgrewmore.Forthefirsttimein2023,afilmearnedmorethan$400milliondomestically(PiratesoftheCaribbean:DeadMan’sChest).Filmsearningbetween$50and$99milliongrewinnumber,goingfrom36filmsin2023to45filmsin2023.Overall,filmsearningmorethan$50millionwentfrom56filmsin2023to63in2023.NumberofnewfilmsreleasedintheUnitedStates:1998420films2023449films2023535films2023599filmsFilmloveskeepinggoingtothemovies,evenwhentheyhavealternativetechnologyathome.Thosewhoownorhaveaccesstofourormoreothertechnologies(DVDplayer,satelliteTV,etc.)wenttoatheatertoseeamovieabout10timesperyear.Thosewhoownedfewerthanfouralternativetechnologieswenttothemoviesonlyseventimesperyear.U.S.Moviesadmissionswereatall-timehighin2023,withnearly1.5billionticketssold.*MPAAisanonprofitorganizationformedbysixlargestudiostoworkonbehalfofthefilmindustry.OnitsWebsite[://],MPAAdescribesitselfas“TheVoiceandAdvocateoftheAmericanMotionPicture,HomeVideoandTelevisionIndustries.〞TheMotionPictureAssociationofAmericaaimsto_______A.Concludebox-officedataandgivereportsB.makefulluseofboldchartsandgraphsC.downloadrelativereportsfromthewebsitesD.controlU.S.TheatricalMarketStatisticsWhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheU.S.Movieindustry’sbox-officerevenues?A.Therevenuescomingfrominternationalaudiencestotaled$8.41billionin2023.B.Therevenuesproducesfromdomesticaudiencesaddedupto$25.82billionin2023.C.Theforeignrevenuesgrewmorecomparedwithdomesticticketsalesfrom2023.D.Afilmfirstlymademorethan$400millionbothathomeandabroadin2023.Highlightsofthereportincludethefollowingaspectsexcept______A.theU.S.movieindustry’sbox-officerevenuesB.thenumbersofthenewlyreleasedU.S.MoviesC.thestatusoffilmlovers’goingtothecinemasD.theU.S.MovieadmissiontosixlargestudiosWhydoesMPAAdescribeitselfas“TheVoiceandAdvocateoftheAmericanMotionPicture,HomeVideoandTelevisionIndustries〞?A.BecauseMPAAisanorganizationwithnointentiontoearnmoney.B.BecauseMPAAismadeupofallthelargestudiosthroughoutAmerica.C.BecauseMPAAdevotesitselftoworkingstandingforthefilmindustry.D.BecauseMPAArunsaworld-widewebsitereflectingtheMotionPicture.(C)Foragethewordhasbeengoingaroundthatthedogistheman’sbestfriend.Iagree.Adogcanbehardlyasanightwatchmanaroundthehouse,asapointeronahuntingtrip,asaguardianandplaymateforthechildren.ButIthinkthathavingadogforapetissoexpensiveandannoyingthatIcandowithoutsuchafriend.Providingforthedog’sneedsissoexpensivethattheanimalsshouldbeanincometaxdeduction(扣除).There’sthemedicalbillforshotstokeeptheanimalhealthy.Unlessit’skeptinthehouse24hoursaday,afemalemustbegiven“preventivemaintenance〞aten-totwenty-dollarinvestment.Otherwise,beforeyouknowit,you’llhavemore“incometaxdeductions〞inyourfamily.Anddogshavetoeat.Don’tthinkyoucanbuyacaseofKen-L-Rationandbedonewithit.AdogcanbeasparticularaboutfoodasaFrenchexpert.TofeedevenaChihuahua,averysmallMexicandog,you’llspendthreetofivedollarsaweek.Ifyouownabig,youneedalargedog-house.They’reexpensive.Acarpenterwillbuildaluxuriousmodelforaboutseventy-fivedollars.Foraboutthirtydollars’worthofmaterials,aweekend’swork,andasmashedthumb,youcanbuildasimpleoneyourself.Andtheseareonlythemajorcosts.Adogissoannoyingthatnooneinhisrightmindwouldwanttoownone.Considerthedogownerblessedwithadogthatfetches-slippers,rubbertoys,newspapers.Haveyoueasedyourbarefeetintoslippersbittenbydogs,seenalivingroomdestroyedbyatoyboxer,triedtoreadanewspaperchewedtowetpiecesbyanobedientBostonbull?Anddogsmakenoise.Somehugedogsbarkallnight.Butyouaren’ttheonlyonetoenduresleeplessnights;yourneighborsletyouknowtheydidn’tsleepeither.Policemenarefrequentvisitorstodogowners’homes.Theyinquireaboutholesreportedduginneighbors’flowerbeds,prizecatsinjuredandbleeding,andpetchickensandduckssenttotheirreward.Suspect:yourdog!Youdenyeverything,ofcourse.Rex,youassuretheofficers,wasasleepbythedoor.Butyousecretlysuspecthim,becauseyoudon’treallyknowwherePexwasallweek.Andyourememberwonderingwhyfeatherswerefloatinginhiswaterbowlyesterday.Dogsareannoying.Neitherafire-breathingmother-in-lawnoratalkativewifeprovemoreannoyingtomanthanadog.Dogloverswill,ofcourse,claimmyargumentone-sides,evenexaggerated.TheymightconsidermeascruelastheRussians,whopossiblyattemptingtosolvetheirowncaninecrisis--shotFidointoorbit.Butthefactremains,ifourbestfriendscausedustheexpenseandannoyanceourdogdoes,we’dsoonencouragedthemtobecomeastronauts.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutthedogasman’sbestfriend?A.Adogwillhelptowatchpeople.B.Adogwillguardyourhouseatnight.C.Adogwillplaywithyourchildren.D.Adogwillserveasaguideforthehunters.Inparagraph2,“preventivemaintenance〞measameasureto_____.A.keepthedoginthehousethewholedayB.investtentotwentydollarsinfemalepregnantC.preventafemaledogfrombecomingpregnantD.provideforthefoodthatdogseatPolicemenfrequentlyvisitdogowners’homesbecause______.A.thepolicestationwasdestroyedbydogsB.neighbor’sdomesticspetswerekilledorinjured.’C.theywanttoaskaboutneighbor’sflowersD.theycan’tstandsleeplessnightsanymoreFromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecanlearnthat______.A.adogisnotasannoyingasafire-breathingmother-in-lawB.itismoredifficultformantocopewithatalkativewifethanwithadogC.dogloversprovetobeascruelastheRussiansintheargumentD.adogisatroublemakerthatcausesitsownerthemostannoyance.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.OnOctober29,1929,theUnitedStatesstockmarketcrashed.Inthedaysthatfollowed,banksandbusinessesclosed,thenumberoftheunemployedworkersroseto15million,andmanypeoplelosttheirsavings.Astheeconomiccrisisworeon,itbecameknownastheGreatDepression.Itleftmanypeoplefeelinganxiousanduncertainaboutthefuture.Withindaysofhisinauguration(就职典礼)in1933,PresidentFranklinDelanoRoosevelt(FDR)begantakingstepstostabilizethebankingsystem,supporttheeconomy,andprovidejobsforunemployedworkers.TokeeptheAmericanpublicinformedaboutthechangesthatwereunderway,hegaveaseriesofradioaddressescalledfiresidechats.FDRusedthesebroadcaststospeakaboutanumberofissues.ThefirstofRoosevelt’sfiresidechatswasdeliveredonSunday,March12,1933.HisgoalinthismessagewastoexplainthebankcrisisintheUnitedStates.HeexplainedtoAmericanwhybankshadrunoutofmoney.Rooseveltassuredpeoplethattheirmoneywassafeandthattheycouldgettheirmoneywhentheyreallyneededit.Hesaidthatmostofthebankswouldbeopenthenextdayandthatotherswouldbeopenagainverysoon.Hismessage’spurposewastorestoreAmerican’sconfidenceintheirbankingsystem.Roosevelt’schatstoAmericawerepopularwiththepeople.ManylookedforwardtohearingwhatFDRhadtosay.TheWhiteHousedidnotalwaystellthepublicwhetheraparticularradioaddresswastoberegardedasafiresidechat.Asaresult,thereissomequestionabouttheexactnumberofthesespeeches.Twenty-eightsuchaddressesweredefinitelyidentified,andtwootherradioaddressescouldhavealsobeenchats.Rooseveltdeliveredhisf