任鹏飞煤矿南回风井井筒冻结施工组织设计3土木工程外文翻译

BuildingconstructionconcretecrackofpreventionandprocessingThecrackproblemofconcreteisawidespreadexistencebutagaindifficultinsolveofengineeringactualproblem,thistextcarriedonastudyysistoalittlebitfamiliarcrackproblemintheconcreteengineering,andaimatconcretethecircumstanceputforwardsomeprevention,processingmeasure.Keyword:ConcretecrackpreventionConcrete'sising1kindisanticipatebythestonebone,cement,waterandothermixturebutformationoftheinadditionmaterialofqualitybrittlenessnotandallmaterial.Becausetheconcreteconstructiontransformwithoneself,controletc.aseriesproblem,hardenmodelofintheconcreteexistencenumeroustinyhole,spiritcaveandtinycrack,isexactlybecausethesebeginningstartblemishofexistencejustmaketheconcretepresentonesomenotandallthecharacteristicofquality.ThetinycrackisakindofharmlesscrackandacceptconcretedefendShenandalittlebitotherusefunctionnotacreationtoendanger.Butaftertheconcretebesubjectedtolotuscarry,differenceintemperatureetc.function,tinycrackwouldcontinuouslyofexpandwithconnect,endformationwecanseewithouttheaidofinstrumentsofmacroviewthecrackbealsothecrackthattheconcreteoftensayintheengineering.ConcretebuildingandGoupieceusuallyalltakesewertomakeof,becauseofcrackofexistenceanddevelopmentusuallymakeinnerpartofreinforcingbaretc.materialcreationdecay,lowerreindconcretematerialofloadingability,durableandanti-Shenability,influencebuildingofexternalappearance,servicelife,severitywillthreatarrivepeople'slifeandpropertysafety.Alotofallofcrashofengineeringsisbecauseoftheunsteadydevelopmentofthecrackwiththeresultthat.Modernagescienceresearchwithagreatdealofoftheconcreteengineeringpractice,intheconcreteengineeringcrackproblemisineluctable,alsoacceptableincertainlyofthescopejustneedtoadoptvalidofmeasurewillitendangerdegreecontrolatcertainofscopeinside.Thereindconcretenormisalsoexplicitprovision:Somestructureatceofdissimilarityundertheconditionallowexistencecertainthecrackofwidth.Butatunderconstructionshouldasfaraspossibleadoptavalidmeasurecontrolcrackcreation,makethestructuredon'tappearcrackpossiblyorasfaraspossibledecreasecrackofamountandwidth,particularlywanttoasfaraspossibleavoidharmfulcrackofemergence,insureengineeringqualitythus.Concretecrackcreationofthereasonbealotofandhavealreadytransformedtocauseofcrack:Suchastemperaturevariety,constringency,inflation,theasymmetrysinktosinketc.reasoncauseofcrack;Haveoutsidecarrythecrackthatthefunctioncause;Protectedenvironmentnotappropriatethecracketc.causedwithchemicaleffect.Wantdifferentiationtotreatintheactualengineering,work°outaproblemaccordingtotheactualcircumstance.IntheconcreteengineeringthefamiliarcrackandtheStemSuocrackandStemtheSuocrackmuchappearaftertheconcreteprotectbeoverofaperiodoftimeorconcretesprinkletobuildtocompletebehindofaroundaweek.InthecementsyruphumidityofevaporatewouldcreationstemSuo,andthiskindofconstringencyiscan'tnegative.StemSuocrackofthecreationbemainisbecauseofconcreteinsideoutsidehumidityevaporatedegreedissimilaritybutcausetotransformdissimilarityofresult:Theconcreteissubjectedtoexteriorconditionofinfluence,surfacehumiditylossleadquick,transformbigger,innerpartdegreeofhumidityvarietysmallertransformsmaller,biggersurfacestemtheSuotransformtobesubjectedtoconcreteinnerpartcontrol,creationmorebigpullshoulddintbutcreationcrack.Therelativehumidityismorelow,cementsyrupbodystemSuomorebig,stemtheSuocrackbemoreeasycreation.StemtheSuocrackismuchsurfaceparallellinesformorthenetshallowthincrack,widthmanybetween0.05-0.2mm,theflatsurfacepartmuchseeinthebigphysicalvolumeconcreteandfollowitmoreinthinnerbeamnkshorttodistribute.Stemcrackusuallytheanti-Shenofinfluenceconcrete,causethedurableoftherusteclipseinfluenceconcreteofreinforcingbar,underthefunctionofthewaterpressuredintwouldcreationthewaterpowersplitcrackinfluenceconcreteofloadingdintetc..ConcretestemtheSuobemainwithwaterashoftheconcreteratio,thedosageofthecomposition,cementofcement,gathertoanticipateofthedosageofthepropertyanddosage,inadditionetc.relevant.Mainpreventionmeasure:Whilebeingtochoosetousetheconstringencytysmallercement,generallowhotwatermireandpowderashfromstovecementintheadoption,lowerthedosageofcement.TwoisaconcreteofstemSuobesubjectedtowaterashratioofinfluencemorebig,waterashratiomorebig,stemSuomorebig,sointheconcretematchtheratiothedesignshouldasfaraspossiblecontrolgoodwaterashratioofchoosetouse,theChanaddinmemodationofreducewater.Threeisstrictcontrolconcretemixblendwithunderconstructionofmatchratio,useofconcretewatertyabsolutecan'tbiginmatchratiodesigngivesettleofusewaterty.Fouristheearlierperiodwhichstrengthenconcretetoprotect,andappropriateextensionprotectofconcretetime.Winterconstructionwanttobeappropriateextensionconcreteheatpreservationtooverlaytime,andTu2Shuaprotecttoprotect.Fiveisaconstitutionthe modationisintheconcretestructureoftheconstringencysew.TheSuconstringencycrackandSuconstringencyistheconcreteisbeforecondense,surfacebecauseoflosewaterquickerbutcreationofconstringency.TheSuconstringencycrackisgeneralatdryheatorstrongwindtheweatherappear,crack'smuchpresentinginthecenterbreadth,bothendsbeinthecenterthinandthelengthbedifferent,witheachothernotcoherentappearance.Shortercrackgenerallong20-30cm,thelongercrackcanreachtoa2-3m,breadth1-5mm.Itcreationofmainreasonis:TheconcreteiseventuallyalmosthavingnostrengthorstrengthbeforetheNingverysmall,perhapsconcretejusteventuallyNingbutstrengthveryhour,besubjectedtoheatorcomparestrongwinddintofinfluence,theconcretesurfacelosewatertoleadquick,resultininthecapillarycreationbiggernegativepressbutmakeaconcretephysicalvolumesharplyconstringency,butatthistimethestrengthofconcreteagaincan'tresistitsconstringency,thereforecracked.TheinfluenceconcreteSuconstringencyopenthemainfactorofcracktohavewaterashratio,concreteofcondensetime,environmenttemperature,windvelocity,relativehumidity...etc..Mainpreventionmeasure:OneischoosetousestemtheSuovaluesmallerhigherHuosoursaltoftheearlierperiodstrengthorcommontheHuosourbrinemire.Twoisstrictthecontrolwaterashratio,theChanaddtoefficientlyreducewatertoincrementthecollapseofconcretefalladegreeandwitheasy,decreasecementandwaterofdosage.Threeistosprinklebeforebuildingconcrete,basiclevelandtemteeventosoakthrough.Fourisintimetooverlaytheperhapsdampgrassmatofthesticsthinfilm,hempsliceetc.,keepconcreteeventuallybeforetheNingsurfaceismoist,perhapsspraytoprotectetc.tocarryonprotectintheconcretesurface.Fiveisintheheatandstrongwindtheweathertowanttoestablishtohidesunandblockbreezefacilities,protectintime.SinktosinkcrackandThecreationwhichsinktosinkcrackisbecauseofthestructurefoundationsoilqualitynotandevenly,loosesoftorreturntofillsoildishonestorsoakinwaterbutresultintheasymmetrysinktodeclinewiththeresultthat;Perhapsbecausetemtejustdegreeshortage,thetemteproppeduptooncebeapartfrombigorpropupbottomloosemoveetc.tocause,especiallyatwinter,thetemtepropupatjellysoilup,jellythesoilturnjellyempresscreationasymmetrytosinktodeclineandcauseconcretestructurecreationcrack.Thiskindcrackmanyisdeepenterorpiercethroughcrack,italignmenthavesomethingtodowithsinkingtosinkacircumstance,generalfollowwithgroundperpendicularorpresent30°s-45°Capedirectiondevelopment,biggersinktosinkcrack,usuallyhaveofwrong,crackwidthusuallywithsinktodeclinetydirectproportionrelation.Crackwidthundertheinfluenceoftemperaturevarietysmaller.Thefoundationaftertransformstabilitysinktosinkcrackalsobasictendinstability.Mainpreventionmeasure:Oneisrightnessloosesoftsoil,returntofillsoilfoundationaconstructionattheupperpartstructurefrontshouldcarryonnecessityofHangsolidwithrein.Twoisthestrengththatassurancetemteisenoughandjustdegree,andpropupfirm,andmakethefoundationbesubjectedtodinteven.Threeiskeepconcretefromsprinkleinfusingthefoundationintheprocessissoakbywater.Fouristimethattemtetoredowntocan'tbetooearly,andwanttonoticetodismantleamoldorderofsequence.FiveisatjellysoiltaketoestablishtemtetonoticetoadoptcertainofpreventionTemperaturecrackandTemperaturecrackmuchtheoccurrenceisinbigsurfaceordifferenceintemperaturevarietyofthephysicalvolumeconcretecomparetheearthareaoftheconcretestructure.Concreteaftersprinklingtobuild,inthehardeningtheprocess,cementwaterturnacreationagreatdealofofwaterturnhot,.(bethecementdosageisinthe350-550kg/m3,eachsignsquarethericeconcretewillreleaseacaloriesof17500-27500kJandmakeconcreteinternalthusthetemperaturerisetoreachto70℃orsoevenhigher)Becausethephysicalvolumeofconcretebemorebig,agreatdealofofwaterturnhotaccumulateattheconcreteinnerpartbutnoteasysendforth,causeinnerpartthetemperaturehoick,buttheconcretesurfacespreadhotmorequick,soformationinsideoutsideofbiggerdifferenceintemperature,thebiggerdifferenceintemperatureresultininnerpartandexteriorhotthedegreeofthebulgecoldSuodissimilarity,makeconcretesurfacecertainofpullshoulddint.Whenpullshoulddintexceedtheanti-ofconcretepullstrengthextremelimit,concretesurfacemeetingcreationcrack,thiskindofcrackmuchoccurrenceaftertheconcreteunderconstructionperiod.Intheconcreteofunderconstructionbedifferenceintemperaturevarietymorebig,perhapsisaconcretetobesubjectedtoassaultofcoldwaveetc.,willcauseconcretesurfacethetemperaturesharplydescend,butcreationconstringency,surfaceconstringencyoftheconcretebesubjectedtoinnerpartconcreteofcontrol,creationverybigofpullshoulddintbutcreationcrack,thiskindofcrackusuallyjustinmoreshallowscopeoftheconcretesurfacecreation.Thealignmentofthetemperaturecrackusuallynonesettleregulation,bigareastructurethecrackoftenmaneuverinterleave;Thesizebiggerstructureofthebeamnklength,thecrackrunparallelwithshortsidemore;Thoroughwithpiercethroughoftemperaturecrackgeneralandshortsidedirectionparallelismorcloseparallelism,crackalonglongsidecentthesegmentappear,inthecentermoreairtight.Crackwidththesizebedifferent,besubjectedtotemperaturevarietyinfluencemoreobvious,wintercomparebreadth,morenarrow.Theconcretetemperaturecrackthattheheatinflationcauseisusuallyinthecenterthethickbothendsbethin,butcoldSuocrackofthickthinvarietynottooobvious.Theemergenceofthethiskindcrackwillcausetherusteclipseofreinforcingbar,thecarbonizationofconcrete,theanti-jellywhichlowerconcretemelt,anti-tiredandanti-Shenabilityetc..Mainpreventionmeasure:Oneisasfaraspossiblechoosetouselowhotormediumhotwatermire,likemineralresiduecement,powderashfromstovecement...etc..Twoisadecreasecementdosage,cementdosageasfarasthecontrolisinthe450kg/m3following.Threeistolowerwaterashratio,waterashofthegeneralconcreteratiocontrolbelow0.6.Fourisimprovementtheboneanticipateclasstogotogetherwith,theChanaddpowderashfromstoveorefficientlyreducewateretc.tocometoreducecementdosageandlowerwatertoturnhot.Fiveisanimprovementconcreteofmixblendtoprocessacraft,lowersprinkleofconcretetobuildtemperature.SixistheinadditionthattheChanaddahaveoffixedamounttoreducewaterandincreaseSu,slowNingetc.functionintheconcrete,improvementtheconcretemixtomatchathingofmobility,protectwater,lowerwatertoturnhot,postponehotFengofemergencetime.Sevenistheheatseasonsprinkletobuildcantheadoptiontaketotohidesunnketc.assistancemeasurecontrolconcreteofWenSheng,lowertosprinkletemperatureofbuildtheconcrete.Eightisthetemperatureofbigphysicalvolumeconcreteshouldthedintrelatetostructuresize,concretestructuresizemorebig,temperatureshoulddintmorebig,sowantreasonablearrangementconstructionworkpreface,layering,centthepiecesprinkletofortheconvenienceofinspreadhot,letupcontrol.Nineisatgreatinnerpartconstitutionofthephysicalvolumeconcretecooloffpi,coldwaterperhapscoldaircooloff,letupconcreteofinsideoutsidedifferenceintemperature.Tenisthesupervisionwhichstrengthenconcretetemperature,adopttocooloffintime,protectionmeasure.11istoreservetemperatureconstringencytosew.12istoletuptocontrol,sprinkleproperbeforebuildingconcreteintheJirockandoldconcretetopbuilda5mmorsosandmatalayerorusageasphaltetc.materialTu2Shua.13istostrengthenconcretetoprotect,theconcreteaftersprinklebuildusemoistgrassLianintime,hempslice'setc.overlay,andattentionsprinklewatertoprotect,appropriateextensionprotecttime,assurancetheconcretesurfacebeslow-movingcooloff.Atthecoldseason,concretesurfaceshouldconstitutionheatpreservationmeasure,inordertopreventcoldwaveassault.14istheallocationbealittleamountintheconcreteofreinforcingbarperhapsaddfibermaterialconcreteoftemperaturecrackcontrolatcertainofscopeinside.CrackandpreventionthatthechemicalreactionAlkalibone'santicipatingthecrackthatreactioncrackandreinforcingbarrusteclipsecauseisthemostfamiliarinthereindconcretestructureofbecauseofchemicalreactionbutcauseofcrack.Theconcreteblendafuturereunioncreationsomealkalescenceion,theseionwithsomeactivitytheboneanticipatecreationchemicalreactionandabsorbsurroundingsenvironmentinofwaterbutthephysicalvolumeenlarge,makeconcretecrisploose,inflationopencrack.Inthiskindofcrackgeneralemergenceconcretestructureusageperiod,onceappearverydifficultremediable,soshouldatunderconstructionadoptvalidthemeasurecarryonprevention.Mainofpreventionmeasure:Whilebeingtochoosetoanticipatewiththealkaliactivitysmallstonebone.Twoistheinadditionwhichchoosetouselowlyemirewithlowalkaliorhavenoalkali.ThreeistheChanwhichchoosetomodationwithanticipatetorepressanalkalibonetoanticipateBecausetheconcretesprinkletobuild,flapDaobadperhapsisareinforcingbarprotectionlayerthinner,theharmfulmaterialgetintoconcretetomakereinforcingbarcreationrusteclipse,thereinforcingbarphysicalvolumeoftherusteclipseinflation,causeconcretebulgecrack,thecrackofthiskindtypemuchisacracklengthways,followthepositionofreinforcingbarappear.Usuallypreventmeasurefromhave:Oneisassurancereinforcingbarprotectionthethicknessofthelayer.Twoisaconcreteclasstogotogetherwithtowantgood.ThreeisaconcretetosprinkletonoteandflapDaoairtightsolid.FourisareinforcingbarsurfacelayerTu2Shuaantisepsiscoating.CrackTheemergenceofthecracknotonlywouldinfluencestructureofwholewithjustdegree,returnwillcausetherusteclipseofreinforcingbar,accelerationconcreteofcarbonization,lowerdurableandanti-ofconcretetired,anti-Shenability.Thereforeaccordingtothepropertyofcrackandconcretecircumstancewewantdifferentiationtotreat,intimeprocessing,withassurancebuildingofsafetyTherepairmeasureoftheconcretecrackismaintohavethefollowingsomemethod:Surfacerepairmethod,infusesyrup,theQiansewmethod,thestructurereinamethod,concretediscementmethod,electricitychemistryprotectionmethodandimitatetolivingfromhealmethod.Surfacerepairthemethodbeakindofsimple,familiarofrepairmethod,itmainbeapplicabletostabilityandtostructureloadingtheabilitydon'thavethesurfacecrackofinfluenceanddeepentercrackofprocessing.Theprocessingmeasurethatisusuallyisasurfaceincrackdauberycementsyrup,thewreathoxygengummireoratconcretesurfaceTu2Shuapaint,asphaltetc.antisepsismaterial,atprotectionofinthemeforkeeconcretefromundertheinfluenceofvariousfunctiontoopencrack,usuallycanadoptionsurfaceincrackgluetostickglassfiberclothetc.1,infusesyrup,theQiansewInfuseasyrupmethodmaintheconcretecrackbeenapplicabletohaveinfluenceorhavealreadydefendShenrequesttothestructurewholeofrepair,itismakeuseofpressureequipmentsgumknotthematerialpressintothecrackofconcrete,gumknotthematerialhardenbehindandconcreteformationonewhole,thusreinofpurpose.Theincommonusegumknotmaterialhasthecementthesyrup,epoxy,AJiCXisouresterandgatherammoniaestertoequalizetolearnmaterial.TheQiansewamethodisthatthecrackbeakindofmostincommonusemethodin,itusuallyisfollowthecrackdigslot,theQianfillSuintheslotorrigidwatermaterialwithattainclosingcrackofpurpose.TheincommonusematerialhasPVCgummire,sticsointment,theDJirubberetc.;Incommonuserigidwatermaterialisthepolymercementsandsyrup.2,thestructurereinaWhenthecrackinfluencearriveconcretestructureoffunction,willconsiderationadopttoreinamethodtocarryonprocessingtotheconcretestructure.Thestructurereinmediumincommonusemainhavethefollowingafewmethod:Thepieceofenlargementconcretestructureineveryaspectaccumulate,outsidetheCapedepartmentoftheGoupiecepacktypesteel,adoptionprepareshouldthedintmethodrein,gluetosticksteeltetorein,increasetoestablishfulcrumtoreinandjettheconcretecompensationrein.3,concretediscementConcretediscementmethodisprocessingseveritydamageconcreteofakindofvalidmethod,thismethodbefirstwilldamageoftheconcretepickandgetof,thenagaindiscementgointonewofconcreteorothermaterial.Theincommonusediscementmaterial monconcreteorthecementsandsyrup,polymerorchangepolymerconcreteorsandsyrup.4,theelectricitychemistryprotectionTheelectricitychemistrya