上海市宝山嘉定虹口区2023届高三冲刺模拟英语试卷含解析

2023年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试题卷上。3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．.Openingthebook,shefoundinitawhite,plainenvelopewithhername______onit.A．toprint B．printed C．printing D．print2．—BoB．couldIuseyourcomputerthisevening?—Sorry.Iareportonitthen.A．willbewriting B．havebeenwritingC．havewritten D．willhavewritten3．Ifwesurroundourselveswithpeople_____ourmajorpurpose,wecangettheirsupportandencouragement.A．insympathywith B．intermsofC．inhonourof D．incontrastwith4．ThereignofthenextJapaneseemperorwillbeknownas“Reiwa”(令和)era,in________namethecharacterfor“harmony”isincluded.A．which B．whatC．whose D．as5．Frommypointofview,there’slittlechancethatwewillbesuccessfulintryingtochangethepresentsituation.________,itisimportantthatwetryourbest.A．Meanwhile B．OtherwiseC．Therefore D．Nevertheless6．Thisisthefirsttimethatwe________afilminthecinematogetherasafamily.A．see B．hadseenC．saw D．haveseen7．Theguidanceteacherwastheiradviser,offeringthemsuggestionsandsolutionswhenthey______difficulties.A．aroseB．encounteredC．emergedD．evaluated8．Afghansusedtoholdbigweddings,costingthousandsofdollars,inacounty_____theaverageannualincomeislessthan$400.A．whichB．whoseC．whereD．what9．—Doyouknowwhenyourmother________topickyouup?—At11：40am.A．hadcomeB．iscomingC．hascomeD．wouldcome10．“Couldweputoffthemeeting？”sheasked.“________.”Heansweredpolitely.“Thisistheonlydayeveryoneisavailable.”A．Notlikely B．NotexactlyC．Notnearly D．Notreally11．Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,________wantedtobuyit.A．noneofthem B．bothofthem C．noneofwhom D．neitherofwhom12．Ourfootballteamhadaleadinthematch,butthelastminutegoaloftheguestteam.A．gaveitawayB．putitawayC．wipeditawayD．carrieditaway13．Variousefforts________inthepastdecadestoprotecttheenvironment.A．hadmadeB．havemadeC．weremadeD．havebeenmade14．Atthenewsoftheearthquake,thesoldiersdidwhattheycouldthevictims.A．help B．tohelp C．tohelping D．helping15．-Mycomputerdoesn'twork!-Robertisacomputerexpert.HowIwishhe______withme.A．came B．hadcomeC．iscoming D．hascome16．Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand______reviewofthecase.A．comprehensive B．complicatedC．conscious D．constant17．It’salwaysdifficult______inaforeigncountry,especiallywhenyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.A．beingB．tobeC．havingbeenD．tohavebeen18．Johnonceworkedinaremotemountainvillageschool,whichis______onlyonfoot.A．accessible B．acceptable C．available D．appropriate19．He______achancetotryitagainjustnow.A．gaveB．willgiveC．isgivenD．wasgiven20．Facetheproblembravelyandyou______anewwaytosuccess.A．findB．foundC．willfindD．havefound第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）IwentuptoPeet’sCoffeetheothermorningandtherewasayoungman,Mike,probablymyage.Withhimhehadallhisphysicalbelongingsonasmallrollcart.Ifirstthought,hownicetohavesofewpossessions.Thatwasfollowedwiththethoughtofhowironic(讽刺的)itisthatweliveinoneofthefinanciallywealthiestareasoftheU.S.,ifnottheworld,yetwecan’t,ordon’t,takecareofthebasicneedsofhumanbeings.Yes,wearefinanciallywealthy,butwelackinwealthofcompassion(同情),kindness,andunderstanding.ItearupasIpondertheinequalityandinjusticethatexists.Anyway,IinvitedMikeinforabitetoeatandheeagerlyaccepted.Hetalkedaboutlookingupafriendforaplacetostaythatnight.OnChristmasEveasmanyeagerlyandgreedilystufftheirbellieswithfoodinnice,warmhomesandthenopenpresents,Mikejustwantedaplacetospendtheevening.ThenIwasreallyblownaway.Ashewaitedforhissandwich,Mikebegancleaningupthecondiment(佐料)area.Hetooksomepaperandwipedupthespillsofothersandrearrangedthemilksandothercondiments,makingeverythingneatandorderly.Hereisapersonwithverylittleandhe’sservingothersinawaythat’sjustnaturaltohim.IspokewithMikeaboutthisafterward,thankinghim.Hesaidhealwaysdidthatsortofthing—straighteningup.Tohim,itwasjustcommonpoliteness.Ijustaskedhimforahugandwepartedtogoourseparateways.Thereisalotforus...me...tolearninthemostunlikelyplace.1、Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“ponder”inParagraph1?A．ignore B．reduceC．fight D．consider2、WhatdidMikehopetodoonChristmasEve?A．Payavisittohisparents. B．Findaplacetosleep.C．Fillhisstomachwithfood. D．Havedinnerwiththeauthor.3、Whatimpressedtheauthormost?A．Mike’spoorsituation. B．Mike’sfriendship.C．Mike’sgoodcharacter. D．Mike’shonesty.4、WhatdidMikethinkofhisownbehavior?A．Normal. B．Proud.C．Shy. D．Unique.22．（8分）Dolphins,Africangrayparrotsandsomeotheranimalsunderstandtheideaof“zero,”butresearchersweresurprisedtofindthathoneybeesalsocomprehendthisabstractconcept,consideringtheinsects’tinybrains,accordingtoanewstudy.Honeybeeshavefewerthanonemillionneurons(神经元),comparedwiththe86billionneuronsinhumans—andyet,theygraspaconceptthathumans,bysomemeasures,don’tstarttounderstandbeforepreschool.Theresearcherssetuptwocards,eachofwhichhadasetofsymbolsonthem,liketrianglesorcircles.Then,theytrainedagroupofthebeestoflytothecardwiththelowernumberofsymbols.Thebeesquicklylearnedwhatthehumanswantedthemtodotogettheirdelicious,sweetrewards.Thetrainedbeeswerethenshownacardthatwasemptyandonethathadsymbolsonit.Thereisnoneedforthebeestobetrainedtoflymoreoftentotheemptycard—thusshowingthattheyunderstoodthat“zero”wasanumberlessthantheothers.Althoughtheyflewmoreoftentoanemptycardthantoonethathadonesymbolonit,itbecameeasierforthemtodistinguishwhenthesymbolsonthecardincreasedinnumber.Forexample,theymoreoftenflewtothezerowhentheothercardhadfoursymbolsthanwhenithadone.Perhapsthesefindingswillexplainthebrainmechanism(机制)behindwhatallowsustounderstandtheconceptof“nothing,”AdrianDyer,aresearchersaid.Thisunderstanding,inturn,couldhelpinthedevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)thatalsounderstandsthisconcept.“Ifbeescanunderstand‘zero’withabrainoflessthanamillionneurons,itsuggeststherearesimple,efficientwaystoteachAInewtricks,”Dyersaidinthestatement.1、Whatisasurprisingfindingfortheresearchers?A．Manyanimalsalsocomprehendthemeaningof“zero”.B．Thenumberofneuronsofhoneybeesismuchsmaller.C．Honeybeescanunderstand“zero”withtheirtinybrains.D．Humansfailtorecognizeabstractideasbeforepreschool.2、Whatcanthebeesdowithoutfurthertraining?A．Flydirectlytothecardwithmoresymbolsonit.B．Flylessoftentothecardwithfewersymbolsonit.C．Flyquiteslowlytothecardwithoutanythingonit.D．Flymoreoftentothecardwithoutanysymbolonit.3、WhatdoesAdrianDyersayaboutthesefindings?A．Theyofferinspirationtothedevelopmentoftechnology.B．Theyenablepeopletounderstandmoreabstractconcepts.C．Theysuggestwaystoteachhumanssomecomplextricks.D．Theyallowpeopletosetanewtypeofbrainmechanism.4、Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Honeybeesknowabouttheconceptof“zero”.B．Honeybeescanunderstandmuchashumansdo.C．HoneybeeswillhelptoimproveAIinthefuture.D．Honeybeescanbetrainedtocomprehend“zero”.23．（8分）Ownershipusedtobeaboutasstraightforwardaswritingacheque.Ifyouboughtsomething,youownedit.Ifitbroke,youfixedit.Ifyounolongerwantedit,yousolditorthrewitaway.Inthedigitalage,however,ownershiphasbecomemoreslippery.Sincethecomingofsmartphones,consumershavebeenforcedtoacceptthattheydonotcontrolthesoftwareintheirdevices;theyareonlylicensedtouseit.Asadigitalchainiswrappedevermoretightlyaroundmoredevices,suchascarsandthermostats,whoownsandwhocontrolswhichobjectsisbecomingaproblem.Buyersshouldbeawarethatsomeoftheirmostbasicpropertyrightsareunderthreat.Thetrendisnotalwaysharmful.Manufacturersseekingtorestrictwhatownersdowithincreasinglycomplextechnologyhavegoodreasonstoprotecttheircopyright,ensurethattheirmachinesdonotbreakdown,supportenvironmentalstandardsandpreventhacking.Sometimescompaniesusetheircontroloveraproduct’ssoftwarefortheowners’benefit.WhenHurricaneIrmahitFloridathismonth,Teslaremotelyupdatedthesoftwarecontrollingthebatteriesofsomemodelstogiveownersmorerangetoescapethestorm.Butthemoredigitalstringsareattachedtogoods,themorethebalanceofcontrolleanstowardsproducersandawayfromowners.Thatcanbeinconvenient.Pickingacarishardenough,butharderstillifyouhavetodiguptheinstructionsthattellyouhowuseislimitedandwhatdatayoumustgive.Iftheproductsareintentionallydesignednottolastlong,itcanalsobeexpensive.Already,itemsfromsmartphonestowashingmachineshavebecomeextremelyhardtofix,meaningthattheyarethrownawayinsteadofbeingrepaired.Privacyisalsoatrisk.UsersbecometerrifiedwheniRobot,aroboticvacuumcleaner,notonlycleansthefloorbutalsocreatesadigitalmapoftheinsideofahomethatcanthenbesoldtoadvertisers(thoughthemanufacturersaysithasnointentionofdoingso).Caseslikethisshouldremindpeoplehowjealouslytheyoughttoprotecttheirpropertyrightsandcontrolwhousesthedatathatiscollected.Ownershipisnotabouttogoaway,butitsmeaningischanging.Thisrequirescarefulinspection.Devices,byandlarge,aresoldonthebasisthattheyenablepeopletodowhattheywant.Totheextenttheyarecontrolledbysomebodyelse,thatfreedomiscompromised.1、Whatbenefitdoesitbringtocustomersifcompaniescontroltheownershipofproducts?A．Itprovidesthemwithknowledgetopreventhacking.B．Itgivesthemthechancetobeprotectedfromdanger.C．Itenablesthemtoownthecopyrightoftheproducts.D．Ithelpsthemknowmoreaboutcomplextechnology.2、Theunderlinedwords“thatfreedom”inthelastparagraphrefertothefreedomto________.A．controlotherpeopleB．sharetheownershipC．inspectdevicesatanytimeD．usedevicesasonewishes3、Theauthormayagree________.A．customersshouldbuyfewerdigitaldevicesB．producersshouldcontrolpropertyrightsC．propertyrightsneedtobeprotectedD．betteraftersalesserviceisrequired4、Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionA．B．C．D．24．（8分）Foralotofpeople,gettingafullnight'ssleepisnothingmorethanjustadream.Someofusclimbintobedintheearlyevening,andthenextthingweknow,it's2inthemorningandwe'restillstaringattheceiling.It'scommonknowledgethatsleepproblemscanbecausedbythingssuchasstress,anxiety,orevenusingasmartphonebeforebedtime.Butrecently,ateamofresearchersdiscoveredthatgenescouldalsobeacauseofsleeplessnights.Thescientists,fromTheRockefellerUniversityinNewYork,US,foundthatDSPD,delayedsleepphasedisorder（睡眠时相延迟综合征）,aconditionthataffectsone'ssleepingpatterns,ispasseddownbyamutatedgene（发生变异的基因）.DSPDsuffererswakeuplaterandgotobedlaterthantheaverageperson.Tocometotheirconclusion,theteamstudieda46-year-oldwomanwhoisonlyusuallyabletofallasleepat2or3inthemorning.Itwasdiscoveredthatthewoman'sbodyproducesthehormone（激素）thathelpshersleepatnightuptosevenhourslaterthanregularsleepers.Thescientistsfoundthisiscausedbyamutationinoneofthewoman'sgenes,onethathelpsregulatethe“bodyclock”.Someofthewoman'sfamilymemberswerealsofoundtosharethesamemutation—andthesamesleepingproblems—leadingthescientiststobelievethatsleeptroublesarepasseddownthroughthegenerations.However,havingthismutationdoesn'tmeanyouautomaticallyhavesleepproblems.Theteamalsofoundtwopeoplewhohadthemutationbutreportednoproblemswiththeirsleep.Butwhilethisisaninterestingdiscovery,itoffersnohelptothosewhocan'tfallasleepatnight—althoughthereareafewthingsyoucouldtrytohelpyourselfsleepearlier.BBCjournalistMichaelMosleyproducedaTVdocumentaryinMayinwhichhetalkedabouthisbattlewithinsomnia（失眠）andthetechniquesheused.“Iavoidsocialmediaforatleastanhourbeforebed,Idomindfulnessexercises,andifIwakeupinthemiddleofthenight,Ireadabookforanhourorso,”hewroteinanarticlefortheRadioTimes.1、Whathavescientistsrecentlydiscoveredaboutsleepproblems?A．Sleepproblemscanbearesultofgenetics.B．Stressandanxietycancausesleepproblems.C．Smartphonesarethemaincauseofsleepproblemsnowadays.D．Sleepproblemsareaffectedbysleepingpatterns.2、Whatcanwelearnaboutthemutationofthegenerelatedtosleep?A．Itwilldelaysleepforsevenhours.B．Itdoesn’tnecessarilycausesleepproblems.C．Itwillbepasseddowntoeveryfuturegeneration.D．Itcanbechangedtohelpsolvesleepproblems.3、WhatdoesMichaelMosleysuggestdoingbeforesleeptofightagainstinsomnia?A．Listeningtolightmusic.B．Readinginterestingbooks.C．Keepingawayfromsocialmedia.D．Doingsomeoutdoorexercise.4、What'sthemainpurposeofthearticle?A．Togiveadviceonhowtocureinsomnia.B．Toexplaindifferentreasonsforsleepproblems.C．Towarnreadersofthebadinfluencesofsleepinglate.D．Toreportthediscoveryofageneticcauseforsleepproblems.25．（10分）Afive-year-olddognamedKelseyhasbeenpraisedasaheroforhelpingtosavethelifeofherownerwhoslippedinthesnowandbrokehisneck.Theman,Bob,wasalonewhenhelefthisMichiganfarmhouseonNewYear’sEvetocollectfirewood.Expectingajourneyofonlyseveralmeters,Bobwaswearingjustlongjohns(衬裤),ashirtandslipperswhenhewentoutside,althoughthetemperaturewasaround-4°C．Aftertheaccident,hewasunabletomoveinthesnow.Fortunately,Kelseycametohisassistance.“Iwasshoutingforhelp,butmynearestneighborisabout400metersaway,anditwas10:30pm,”Bobexplained.“ButmyKelseycame.Bythenextmorning,myvoicewasgoneandIcouldn’tyellforhelp,butKelseydidn’tstopbarking.”Kelsey’scompanionkepthimwarmbylyingontopofhim.Shelickedhisfaceandhandstokeephimawake.“Kelseykeptbarkingbutneverleftmyside,”Bobrecalled.“Shekeptmewarm.IknewIcouldn’tgiveupandthatitwasmychoicetostayalive.”Bobspent20hoursinthefreezingcold.Whenhefinallylostconsciousness,hisdogkeptbarking.Finally,hearingthebarking,Bob’sneighbordiscoveredhimat6:30pmonNewYear’sDayandcalledtheemergencyservicesatonce.WhenBobarrivedinhospital,hisbodytemperaturewasbelow21°C．However,doctorsweresurprisedtofindthathedidn’thaveanyfrostbite(冻疮).TheybelieveditwasbecauseofKelsey’sdeterminationtokeephimwarm.Dr.ChaimColen,thedoctorwhotreatedBob,said,“Animalscanhelpandhisdogreallysavedhim...Hewasveryfortunate.Bobsaidhewas“enormously”gratefultobothDr.ColenandhisKelsey.“Theysavedmylife.Theyaretrulyheroes!”1、WhathappenedtoBobonNewYear’sEve?A．Helefthisdogaloneinhisfarmhouse.B．Hewaspraisedforsavingadogowner.C．Hebrokehisneckandcouldn’tmove.D．Heheardhisneighbor’sshoutingforhelp.2、WhydidKelseykeepbarking?A．Tokeepwarm.B．Tostayalive.C．TokeepBobawake.D．Toseekhelpfromothers.3、HowdoesDr.ColenfeelaboutKelsey?A．Helpful. B．Fortunate.C．Grateful. D．Friendly.4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ANeck-breakingAccident B．TheMagicNightC．WarmthonaWinter’sNight D．DeterminationtoKeepAlive第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）Mymedicalteamhadsaidmybraincouldnolongersendthesignalsforwalkingbecausethosenervesinmyspinalcord(脊髓)hadbeendestroyed．Though1unintentionally.mydoctorsdidtakesomethingveryimportantawayfromme：hope.Then．afriendofmine2metotrytohelpmyself．Iwasangry.Isaid,“They’refourofleadingneurologists．TheyallsaidI'dnevergetany3”“Theycouldhaveallbeenwrong.”．“Theysaidthere’s4Icando!I’mnot5anyeffortintotryingtowalkandthenbemiserablewhenI6.”“Tryingisneverfailure．”Iwasencouragedbyhim．ThatdayItriedwalking7．Isaidtomyself.“Whynot?”WhenI8IhaveaFrankenstein-stylegait(步态)．Igetembarrassed,soIexplain.Imetagirlwhosaid，“Stop9yourself.Walkproudly!”She’s10oneofthemanywho'vetaughtmethatifIopenmyhearttoacceptance，theworldisfilledwith11teams.OnemorningmyhusbandBobsaidtherewasahugepresentformeinourdriveway.Itwasa300-poundcyclefor12．Theseatsweresidebyside．Hecouldpedal(踩踏板)whileI13byhimandenjoyedtheoutdoorsagain．Lastweekherepeated.“There’sahugepresentinourdriveway．”He14meoutside.Itwasaone-womanDynamoPowerBike.“Sweetheart,youknowIcan’trideabikebymyself．”I15．Helaughedsweetly.“Iknow.Andyoucan'twalkeither.Thenwhydoesthepedometer(计步器)Iboughtyouhave74milesonit?”Recently，hundredsofmileslater，after16hoursofefforts.forthefirsttimeinfiveyears，Iwentoutback，putmycane(拐杖)17andstartedwalking.I1842yards.Andso，Ihavemadea(n)19silentresolution--adeclarationthatIamprayingotherswillsaytothemselvesaswell．“Yes，Ican．”ChristopherReeveoncesaid，“Whenwehave20，wediscoverpowerswithinourselveswemayhaveneverknown．”1、A．regularlyB．surelyC．nowandthenD．sometimes2、A．urgedB．persuadedC．permittedD．·expected3、A．wiserB．strongerC．betterD．luckier4、A．whatB．muchC．reasonD．nothing5、A．puttingB．turningC．givingD．casting6、A．failB．tryC．walkD．cry7、A．inthelongrunB．atbestC．atnotimeD．onmyown8、A．raceB．walkC．crawlD．standup9、A．helpingB．excusingC．beingD．finding10、A．stillB．yetC．justD．even11、A．supportB．discouragementC．depressionD．optimism12、A．freeB．twoC．allD．reference13、A．waitedB．walkedC．satD．1aughedaited14、A．ledB．waitedforC．pointedD．1ookedfor15、A．shoutedB．wonderedC．whisperedD．questioned16、A．amazingB．impressiveC．hopelessD．exhausting17、A．awayB．downC．overD．off18、A．helpeditB．putitC．appreciateditD．madeit19、A．satisfyingB．increasingC．best-designedD．often-repeated20、A．troubleB．skillsC．hopeD．friendship第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Itiseasyandverypowerfultobekindtothosewhoarekindtoyou.Yet,toexperiencethefullpowerofyoursincerekindness,offerittopeople1．arecarelessandrudetoyou.Sure,itisdifficulttoforgivethosewhoarehurtfulloyou.Butthewaytostopthehurtisbyrefusingtoparticipateinit.Forgivenessgivesyoutheupperhand.Betheonewhoisstrong,who2．(stop)therudeness.Putthepowerofkindness3．forgivenesstoworkforyouandyourworld.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。DearJack,Howareyou?Awell-knownplay,TeaHouse,willputoninthenewly-builtGrandTheaterinourcityat7:00p、m、in5th,February、IknewyouarefondofChineseculture,butIsincerelyinviteyoutogowithme、Itissaidthatitisperformedquitewellbysomefamousactorsandactre