2020届江苏清江中学高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试卷含听力

2020届清江中学高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。Whatwillthemanprobablydoabouttherestaurant?A.Writeagoodreview.B.Comebacktomorrow.C.Tryanotherplacenexttime.Whodoesthewomanthinkisthebestcomposer?A.Stravinsky. B.Holst. C.Mozart.Whatisthemanprobablydoing?Paintingthewallquickly.Cleaningthewoman'steeth.Checkingthewoman'sbodytemperature.Whatdoesthewomanwant?A.Tobethewinner. B.Tosingasong.C.Tohaveanotherchance.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Weather. B.Apicture. C.Acompetition.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heisnotawinedrinker.B.Healwaysknowswhathewants.C.Hewillnoteathisfoodattherestaurant.Whatdoesthemanorder?A.Steak. B.Fish. C.Mushrooms.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。Wheredoesthisconversationlikelytakeplace?A.Onthesubway. B.Onanairplane.C.Onacitybus.Whyisthewomanembarrassed?A.Shecan'thelptheman.B.Shefindsthemanattractive.C.Shehastoaskthemantoputhisshoesbackon.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelintheend?A.Surprised. B.Satisfied. C.Excited.听第8段材料，回答11至13题。Whereisthemanfrom?A.Nebraska. B. Cairns. C. Sydney.Whatistheman's attitudetowardsurfing?A.Bored. B. Excited. C. Worried.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Surfthebigwaves. B. Surfnearthebeach.C. Gethissuncream.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。Whodoesthemansee?Awell-knownsinger.Afamousfootballplayer.Hisfavoritebasketballplayer.Whatdoesthewomangivetheman?A.Aredshirt. B.Ablackpen. C.Awhitehat.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Actquickly. B.Waituntilnexttime.C.Getheranewpurse.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。HowlonghasHermanlivedinNewYorkCity?A.Onlyrecently. B.Hisentirelife.C.Sincehewaseightyearsold.Accordingtotheman,howmanytaxidriversarethereinNewYorkCity?A.Hundreds. B.Thousands. C.Millions.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthesubway?It,sreallyfast.Itgoeseverywhereinthecity.Itisn,tveryconvenientonweekends.Whydoesthewomansuggestvisitingothercities?Tomeetsomenicepeople.ToappreciateNewYorkmore.TocomparethemtoNewYork.第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）Thesemotorizedbikesarehighlyeffectiveforcitytrafficasyouwillneverrunoutoftopark.A.optionsB.patience C.resourcesD.universe—Areyourparentssatisfiedwithyourperformanceathome?—butnotexactly.Theywantmetodomorehousework.A.Kindof B.JusttheoppositeC.Onaverage D.ByallmeansIhavenoformalclothesfortheoccasion.PerhapsIcaninadarksuit?A.goby B.passby C.dropby D.getby—Youseemtohavehadawonderfulholiday!—Yes.ReallynicedaysduringtheMayDayHoliday.MyparentsandItoseveraltouristspots.—Luckyyou!A.aredrivingB.haddrivenC.drove D.havebeendriving—Michelle,haveyougotyouradmissiontothePennsylvaniaStateUniversityasastate-financedstudent?—Ihopeso,butI,mnotsolucky.Ihavetomypockettopayformyfurtherstudy.A.turnto B.dipinto C.referto D.seetoSpendingonuniversitiesisusuallybythebelief---theincreaseinearningsthatgraduatesenjoyovernon-graduates.A.confirmedB.justified C.convincedD.recognizedPeppaPig,aBristishcartooncharacterwithafacelikeahairdryer,isplacedonthecupblue,greenandceladoncolors.A.shaping;featuring B.shaped;featuringC.shaping;featured D.shaped;featuredIhavesomanyclientswhobelievethatcuttingtheirhairhelpsitgrow.Actually,foreveryfewinchesyou,recutting,youmonthstothegrowingtime.A.haveaddedB.willhaveaddedC.add D.areaddingFAST,thelargest‘ear’onEarth,canlistenfordistantsignalsintheuniverse,usingtechnologyfivetimesmorepowerfulthanwaspreviouslyavailable.A.how B.which C.that D.whatThedoctorgavethelate-stagecancerpatientmorepowerfuldrugsinthehopethathemightrecover.A.vain B.fresh C.ambiguousD.unrestYoumaynothavenoticedthatproblem,butyoucouldneverwithdrawitregretfulaboutyourdecision.A.shouldyoufeel B.youshouldfeelC.hadyouleft D.youhadleftPublishersandwritersfrom13countriesattendedtheseminartoptentitlesoftheyearwereselectedandtheirwriterswereawarded.A.when B.where C.whose D.whichWasitinJune2016ShanghaiDisneylandyouhavebeendreamingofvisitingwasopenedtothepublic.A.when;thatB.that;whichC.that;whereD.when;whereTeenagegirlssometimesaskmeforadviceaboutwhattheyshouldbedoingtheywantacareerlikemineoneday.A.eventhoughB.asthoughC.providedthatD.nowthat—Stopcriticizingeveryone!Youshouldandadmitthatyouarerftperfecteither!—Maybeyou,reright.ButIdon,tknowwhatmakesyouthinkso.A.killthefattedcalf B.haveeggsonyourfaceC.getdownoffyourhighhorse D.washyourhandsoff第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)BeinggiventheopportunitytotraveltotheUnitedStatesandworkinaSummerCampwasatrulyuniqueexperience.AndforthatIwillalwaysbe_36—.Itwouldalsobea(n)—37—formetowriteaboutitandrecommendthiscamptothosewhodesireto_38—theirvisionandimprovethemselves.I—39—theInternationalSportsTrainingCampinthesummersof2004and2009.Thereasonwhytherewasagapof4years_40—visitsisthatImadethedecisiontobeginandcompleteanEducationDegree(PE).ThemajorityofthereasonI_41—thiscareerpathislargelyduetothehighlevelofstafftrainingthatIreceivedaspartofthecamporientationprogramandalsothedevelopmentofpersonalqualitiesandimprovedself-confidenceI_42—alongtheway.Thecamporientationprogram_43—over7daysandwas_44—byourcampdirectorsandseniorstaff(manyofthemareinternationalstaff).Throughthisprogramweweretrainedandeducatedinproblemsolving,communicationskillsandmanyother_45—aspectsofcamplife.—46—,thiskindoftrainingispresentedinmanyotherformsofemploymentand_47—IfeelthatIhavealreadygota(n)—48—inlifethatothersmaynothavethechancetoexperience.SummerCampshaveprovidedsomany_49—andinternationalstaffwithuniquelifeexperiences,resources,educationandprofessionalrelationshipsthatareimpossibleto_50—.Manyofushavebecomereallygoodfriendsandsharesorrowandjoyonline.—51—,manyfriendshavebecome_52—staffmembersatthesecampsandare_53—everyyearfortrainingthenewstaffthatarriveatcamp.Everyoneshouldhavetheopportunitytoworkinasummercampforthe_54—theyhavetherethatIbelievewould_55—themforalifetime.36.A.relievedB.thankfulC.admirableD.desirable37.A.challengeB.concernC.pleasureD.inspiration38.A.extendB.polishC.blockD.outline39.A.organizedB.followedC.sponsoredD.attended40.A.afterB.forC.betweenD.beyond41.A.decidedonB.tookonC.countedonD.touchedon42.A.wentB.cameC.struggledD.gained43.A.ranB.endedC.occurredD.consisted44.A.privilegedB.presentedC.previewedD.revised45.A.abundantB.importantC.elegantD.brilliant46.A.StillB.InsteadC.ThusD.Again47.A.atbestB.intimeC.assuchD.intune48.A.lessonB.advantageC.groundD.reward49.A.modestB.intelligentC.domesticD.tentative50.A.copyB.recognizeC.promoteD.record51.A.AfterallB.AboveallC.AlsoD.Thus52.A.considerateB.temporaryC.permanentD.flexible53.A.responsibleB.desperateC.famousD.honoured54.A.experienceB.routineC.timetableD.statement55.A.concludeB.protectC.transferD.benefit第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

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NoAnnualFee-InstantCreditYoucanstartusingyourcardtodayonAuponapproval.Getrewardedoneverypurchase.Your%Backrewardsareearnedaspoints.Yougetonepointforeverypennyyouearnin%Backrewards.Redeem(兑换)forinstantsavingsatAcheckout.Duringcheckoutyoucanseeyourrewardsbalanceandchoosehowmuchtouse.Thereisnominimumtoredeem.100points=$1.00whenredeemedatAtowardseligiblepurchases.Youcanalsoredeemforcashbackandgiftcards.Redemptionminimumsmayapplyforcashbackandgiftcards.WhatCustomersareSaying:“IlovebeingabletoearnrewardpointswhenImakepurchasesfromAmazon.It,slikegettinganadditionaldiscounteverytimeyoumakeyourpurchaseusingyourAmazonRewardsCard!”---Deb“Myfavoritepartofthiscardisthe2Xrewardsingasandrestaurantpurchases;2thingsIspendthemostmoneyon.”---Tom★AGiftCards:AGiftCardsareissuedbyACIGiftCards.Inc.,aWashingtoncorporation.Forcompletetermsandconditions,see/gc-legal.Noexpirationdateorservicefees.★UsingYourPointsatCheckout(ShopwithPoints):Certainrestrictionsapply.LearnmoreaboutShopwithpointsbyclickinghereorseeRewardsProgramRulesandRegulationswhichwillbemailedafteryouraccountisestablished.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefeatureoftheARewardsvisacard?Withthiscardthereisnoneedforyoutopaytheannualfee.Youcangetrewardedwiththiscardevenifyoubuysomethingonotherwebsites.$30willbeinstantlyloadedintoyourAaccountupontheapprovalofyourcreditcardapplication.BesidestheredemptionforinstantsavingsatAcheckout,youcanalsoredeemforcashbackandgiftcards.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Youcangetonepointforeverydollaryouearnwiththecard.Insomecases,youcangetyourcashbackwiththepointsinyourcardaccount.Themostattractivepartofthiscardisthe2Xrewardsingasandrestaurantpurchases.YourpointswillberedeemedatAcheckoutautomaticallytowardsanyeligiblepurchase.BAfewdaysafterdroppingoffherdaughteratcollege,Andreagotaphonecall.Herdaughterwasill.Andreadrovethereimmediately,locatedadoctorintown,bookedaroomattheuniversityhotelandputherdaughtertobedtorecover.Thenextmorning,Andreawenttoherdaughter'sclasses,takingnotesonherbehalf.Itwasimportantthatherdaughterheadedintothefirstsemesterofcollegewithoutmissingabeat:Afuturedentalcareerrequiredanextremelygoodundergraduateacademicrecordoffouryears.Atthesametime,anotherparentfacedadifferenttypeofproblem.Alexishadhandpickedherdaughter,snewuniversityspecificallyandaimedtogiveherdaughteranidealsocialexperienceatcollege.Butwhenshegotthere,shedidn'tseemtohitherstride.Alexisblameditonaworking-classroommatewhodidn'teverwanttogoouttomeetpeople-andtoldherdaughter,innouncertainterms,tochangeroommates.BothAndreaandAlexisareexamplesof“helicopterparents”,definedbytheirhoveringandreadinesswithsupplies,assistanceandguidance.Theirinterventionswerecostly-requiringtime,financialreserves,socialunderstandingandknowledgeofhighereducation-thoughtheyhaddifferentpurposes.Whydoeseducationalandprofessionalsuccesstodayseemtorequirefinancialandemotionalparentalsupport?Inlargepart,itreflectstheshiftingrelationshipbetweenfamiliesandtheuniversityinAmericainthepastcentury.SlowlyafterWWIandrapidlyafterWWII,manypublicuniversitieswereinfactfree,asthegovernmentoffereduniversitiestheresourcestohelpfamiliesbattleeconomicdepressionandpoverty.However,inthe1980s,thegovernmentshiftedfinancialaidlargelyfromgrantstoloans.Soon,universitiesenteredaperiodofheavyandexpensiveadministrativegrowthastheyfacednewandintensivepressures.Withoutthesupportofthestate,familieseventuallycametoabsorbmanyofthesecosts.Universitiesnowrely,inpart,onparents,particularlythosewithmoney,time,andconnectionstomeettheirbasicneeds.However,payingparentsbringmorethanfundsalone.Theyoftenhelppromotetheuniversity;conductadmissionsinterviews;interfacewithdonatingalumni;assistwiththeirownstudents,emotional,cognitiveandphysicalneedsandhelpplacegraduates(bothrelatedandnot)invaluableinternshipsandjobs.Butthenewfamily-universitypartnershipexactsatoll.Parentsarepushedtoextendmajorparentingresponsibilitiesintodoingheavyfinancialliftingfortheirchildrenwhoaresupposedtobebuildingtheirownfinancialsecurity.Thereisalsosometruthtothenotionthatthehelicopteredchildrenareslowtoadapttoadulthood,makedecisionsabouttheircareers,andmanagefriendshipswithoutcallingontheirparentsforhelp.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“shedidn,tseemtohitherstride”inParagraph2mean?Alexis,daughter,ssocialcompetencewasn,tpromoted.Alexis'daughterfoundsheherselfhadfinancialdifficulties.Alexis7daughterdisagreedwithAlexisaboutherworkingclassroommate.Alexis7daughterfounduniversitylifewasdifferentfromwhatshehadexpected.Whafstheauthor7attitudetowards“helicopterparents”?A.Critical. B.Cautious. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.Whafsthispassagemainlyabout?TroublesfacedbyuniversitiesinAmerica.Thepartnershipbetweencollegesand“helicopterparents”.Thetroubledrelationshipbetweenparentsandtheirchildren.Thefiercecompetitionamongthecareer-mindedgeneration.COfallthecomponentsofagoodnighfssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”一therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind,semotionalthermostat(恒温器),regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”.Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,“It,syourdream”,saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago,sMedicalCenter,“Ifyoudon,tlikeit,changeit”.Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain”)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday”,saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright,sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon,talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents-until,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.Attheendoftheday,there,sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof“wewakeupinapanic”,Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople,sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou,llfeelbetterinthemorning.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams.A.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears B.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairsC.canbemodifiedintheircourses D.arevulnerabletoemotionalchangesByreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow.A.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortexB.itsfunctioninourdreamsC.themechanismofREMsleep D.therelationofdreamstoemotionsThenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto.A.emergeindreamsearlyatnight B.developintohappydreamsC.worseninourunconsciousmind D.persisttillthetimewefallasleepCartwrightseemstosuggestthat.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogressiondreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconsciousvisualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrolwakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreamsDOnhisdeathbedin1638JohnHarvardgaveawayhalfofhisestate,about£800andhislibraryofsome400bookstoanewcollegeinpresent-dayCambridge,Massachusetts.Harvard'sfoundersdecidedtonametheirnewuniversityafteritsfirstbigbenefactor.About370yearsagothefirstHarvardscholarshiptohelp“somepoorscholars”wassetupthanksto£100donatedbyAnnRadcliffe.Theuniversitycontinuestobethebeneficiaryofgenerousdonors.Lastyear,JohnPaulson,aninvestor,donated$400mtoHarvard,sengineeringschool,itslargestgiftever.Lastyearitraisedmorethan$1billion.Someofitsgraduatesthinkthisoughttobesufficienttocanceltuitionfees.AmongthemareRalphNader,aveteranpoliticalactivist,andRonUnz,authorofanumberofsearingarticlesonAmericanmeritocracy（英才管理）.Botharehopingtowinelectiontotheuniversity,sboardofoverseers,fromwhichtheywanttomakeHarvardfreeforallstudentstoattend,andalsopressureitsadmissionsofficetomakedataonhowitchooseswhichstudentstoadmitknowntothepublic.America,suniversitiesraisedarecord$40.3billionlastyear,accordingtotheCouncilforAidtoEducation.Donationsarenotusuallyusedtolowertuitionfees,buttheycanbeusedtoprovidescholarshipsandfinancialaidtostudentswhocannotaffordtopay（70%ofstudentsatHarvardgetsomeassistancewithfeesandlivingcosts）.Somelawmakersarewonderingwhetherthreatstochangethetax-freestatusofdonationsmightbeusedtopersuadecollegestobringdownthecostoftuition,whichhasincreasedby220%inrealtermssince1980.NexusResearchandPolicyCentresayscollegesreceive$80billioninsupportfromstateandlocalgovernmentseveryyear,whichoughttogivepoliticianssomeleverage（影响）inreturn.InJanuaryTomReed,aRepublicancongressmanfromNewYork,proposedabillrequiringdonationsofmorethan$1billiontoallocate25%forfinancialaid.Twocongressionalcommittees,theSenateFinanceCommitteeandtheHouseWaysandMeansCommittee,havesentletterstotheheadsofthecollegeswiththebiggestdonationsaskingaboutspending,conflictsofinterestandfeearrangements.The56largestprivateuniversitydonationshavetoexplainhowtheyusetheirtax-freeinvestmentearnings.Thecollegeshavetheirdefenders.“Mostoftheseplacesareprovidingafairamountoffinancialaidforstudentswellbeyondthepovertyline,”saysKimRuebenoftheTaxPolicyCentre.KevinWeinman,Amherst,schieffinancialofficer,sayshisuniversity,sdonationoffers$90mtothecollege,sbudget,$30mmorethantuition,roomboardandvariousfeescombined.Thisschoolyear,itwillspend$50,000perstudentfundingfinancialaid,payfacultyandfundstudentactivities.AfterCongresslastexaminedthetopicin2007,morecollegesbegantoawardgrantsinsteadofloans.Financialaidhasdoubledoverthepastdecade.RhodeIslandalsomakevoluntarypaymentsinplaceofpropertytaxes.Inadditiontopointingouttheirgenerosity,mostcollegesalsoarguethatforcingthemtospenddonationmoneyonfreetuitionmightevenbeillegal.Donorscanrestricttheirtax-freegifttoalegally-bindingparticularpurpose,suchascreatingachair,establishingascholarshiporbuildinganewlab.Around70%ofdonationsarerestrictedfunds.Ifthewealthiestcollegeshavealreadyspentsomuchonfinancialaid,whatistheproblem?Mr.Unzarguesthatendowment-fuelledspendingonnewbuildings,sportsfacilitiesandthehiringofadministratorshascreatedanarms-raceinhighereducation,pushinguppricesatthoseuniversitiesthatarenotfortunateenoughtohavelotsofgenerousbenefactors.Harvardcouldcanceltuitionpaymentswithoutdamagingitsfinancesortouchingtherestrictedportionofitsendowment,hesays.Furthermore,theabolitionofbothcomplicatedfinancial-aidformsandterrifyingstickerpricesfortuitioncould,heargues,domuchtoencourageapplicantsfrombeyondtheplutocracy（富豪阶级）.TheunderlinedwordinParagraph1canbereplacedby A.founder B.donor C.defender D.innovatorAccordingtothepassage,RalphNaderandRonUnzhopethattheycan helpHarvardtoenrollnewstudentslearnabouthowHarvardspendsitsdonationsmakefreeeducationtoallstudentsatHarvardpossiblenegotiatewiththeHarvard,sboardofoverseersabouttuitionfeesWhatcanweinferfromKimRueben,swordsinParagraph7?Thecollegesaremakingfulluseoftheirdonations.Ordinaryfamiliescannotaffordtheincreasingtuitionfees.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtostudentsbelowthepovertyline.Propertytaxesonthecollegesoughttobecanceledpermanently.Accordingtothelastbutoneparagraph,mostcollegesholdtheideathat .donorsshouldkeepacheckonwheretheirmoneygoesthefinancialaidtheyreceiveeveryyearisfarfromenoughtheyshouldn,tbeforcedtospenddonationmoneyonfreetuitionmostdonationsshouldbeusedtoimprovecolleges,infrastructureAccordingtothelastparagraph,MrUnzthinks .thecompetitionbetweenuniversitiesisnecessaryHarvardshouldofferhelptothosewholackmoneyfinancial-aidformsofferedbyuniversitiesshouldbesimplifiedarms-racesinhighereducationmayleadtohighertuitionfeesWhatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ShouldHarvard,stuitionfeesbecanceled?HowdoesHarvardmakeuseofitsdonations?WhatdoHarvardandlawmakersdisagreeabout?WhydoesHarvardgetmoredonationsthanotheruniversities?第II卷非选择题（两部分，共35分）第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。Reputationofthecorporatekindisa“strategicasset（资产）"thatcanbeemployedtogain“competitiveadvantage”,a“safetybuffer（缓冲）"thatcanbecalledupontoprotectyouagainst“negativenews”.TheReputationInstitutehasofficesin30countries.Plentyofotherorganizationsofferfirmsadviceonimprovingtheirreputations,suchasPerceptionPartnersintheUnitedStatesorspecializeddivisionswithinmanybigconsultancies.Andarapidlygrowingnumberofconsultancies,likeReputationDefender,givepeopleadviceonmanagingtheirreputationsonline.Forexample,theyoffertipsonhowtopushpositiveitemsuptheGooglerankingandneutralize（抵消）negativeones.It,seasytoseewhysomanybossesaresucheagerconsumersofthiskindofadvice.Themarketvalueofcompaniesisincreasinglydeterminedbythethingsyoucannottouch:theirbrandsandtheirintellectualcapital,forexample,ratherthantheirfactoriesorfleetsoftrucks.Non-GovernmentalOrganizations（NGOs）canturnonacompanyinaninstantandaccuseitofracismorcrimesagainsttheenvironment.CustomerscantrashitsproductsonTwitter.CorporategiantssuchasToyotaandBPhaveseentheirreputationscollapseintheblinkofaneye.Nevertheless,there,rethreeobjectionstothereputation-managementindustry.Thefirstisthatitconflates（混合）manydifferentthings-fromthequalityofacompany7sproductstoitsrelationshipwithNGOs-intoasinglenotionof“reputation”.Italsoseemstobedividedbetweenpublic-relationsspecialists（whowanttoputthebestpossibleinformationonthenews）andcorporate-social-responsibilitytypes（whowantthecompanytoimprovetheworldandbethankedforit）.Thesecondobjectionisthattheindustrydependsonanaive（天真的）viewofthepowerofreputation:thatcompanieswithpositivereputationswillfinditeasiertoattractcustomersandsurvivecrises.It,snothardtothinkofcounter-examples.Tobaccocompaniesmakevastprofitsdespitetheirawfulreputations.EverybodystronglycriticizesRyanairforitsbadserviceandtheDailyMailforitsmean-spiritedjournalism.Butbothfirmsarehighlysuccessful.Thebiggestproblemwiththereputationindustry,however,isthatthewaytodealwithpotentialthreatstoyourreputationistoworkharderatmanagingyourreputation.Theoppositeismorelikely:thebeststrategymaybetothinklessaboutmanagingyourreputationandconcentratemoreonproducingthebestproductsandservicesyoucan.Manysuccessfulcompanies,suchasAmazon,CostcoSouthwestAirlinesandZappos,havebeennotablefortheirintensefocusontheirbusinesses,notfortheirfancymarketing.Ifyoudoyourjobwell,customerswillsaynicethingsaboutyouandyourproducts.What,sinaname?ValuesofmanagingreputationCompaniescanget(71) ▲incompetitionthroughtheuseofstrategiestomanagereputation.Positivereputationstendtoreducetheinfluenceofnegativenews.Popularity ofconsultanciesManyorganizationsprovidecompanieswithadviceonhowto(72)_▲_uptheirreputations.Onlinereputation-managementconsultanciesareonthesharp(73)▲.Reasonsforbossesbeingeagerforadviceabout managingreputationThemarketvalueofcompaniesincreasingly(74) ▲onuntouchablethings.Reputationisgettingeven(75) ▲tomanage.(76) ▲tothereputation-managementindustryItisa(n)(77)▲oftoomanythings,anditseemsthatopinionsaboutitare(78) ▲ betweenpublic-relationsandcorporate-social-responsibilityspecialists.Thereputation-managementindustrynaively(79) ▲thesuccessofacompanytoitspositivereputation.Thereputationindustrywronglythinksthatthestrategytohandlepotentialthreatstoacompanyisto(80)▲moreonitsreputationinsteadofi