《英语新闻标题翻译研究（英语论文）》

英语新闻标题的特点及翻译TOC\o"1-3"\u1.Introduction 英语新闻标题的特点及翻译1.IntroductionWiththecontinuousstrengtheningoftheglobalizationtrend,theimportanceofEnglishasaglobalizedcommunicationtoolinmodernworkandlearningisself-evident.TheuniversaltrendforEnglishlearninghasbroughtupavarietyofEnglishlearningmethods,amongwhichreadingEnglishnewspapersandwatchingEnglishnewshaveundoubtedlybecomeasuitableandeffectivewaytoensuretheaccuracyandvitalityofEnglishsoastogetridoftheshadowofChineseEnglish.ReadingEnglishnewscannotonlyimprovepeople'sEnglishlistening,speaking,readingandwritingskills,butalsoincreasetheirknowledgeandbroadentheirhorizonsforexternalcultures.Newsisanindispensablewayofinformationdisseminationinamoderninformationsociety.Therefore,EnglishnewstranslationoccupiesanimportantpositioninEnglishtranslation.WhentranslatingEnglishnews,oneofthefirsttasksistotranslatethenewsheadlines.Duetothefactthatnewsheadlinesareaconcisesummaryofnewsreports,theseheadlineshaveauniquegrammaticalsystemandcharacteristicscomparedwithgeneralpassagewriting.Atthesametime,inordertoattractreaders,editorsoftencomeupwithvariousnovelandspecialvocabularytoincreasetheattractivenessofnewsheadlines.Whilethesepracticesenhancethecharmofnewsheadlines,theyalsobringgreatchallengestothetranslationofEnglishnewsheadlines.InordertotranslatenewsheadlinesaccuratelyandwithoutlosingtheoriginalflavorofEnglishculture,itisnecessarytohaveacomprehensiveunderstandingofthecharacteristicsofnewsheadlines.Afterresorttoarelativelylargevolumeofstudies,thisthesisaimstodiscusssomegeneralquestionsaboutEnglishnewsheadlinesinthecaseofdefinition,featuresanddifferenceswhencomparedwithChinesenewsheadlines.Afterthisstudy,theauthorhopestofindoutsomebasictechniquesforheadlinetranslationthatmaybehelpfulfortranslationpractices.Thisthesisconsistsoffiveparts.Inthefirstpart,brieflyintroducesthestudy.Theninthesecondpart,theauthormakesadetailedanalysisofthefeaturesofEnglishnewsheadlinesfromfouraspects,namelytheuseofspecialwords,thefigureofspeech,simplegrammarandconciselanguage.Inthethirdpart,theauthorcomparedtheEnglishnewsheadlinesandChinesenewsheadlinesfromlexicalandsyntacticlevelssothatthedifferenttranslationmethodscanbeunderstood.Thefourthpartisthemainpartwhichexaminesthetechniquesforheadlinestranslation.Generally,therearefourtranslationmethodsincludingamplification,omission,adaptationandinversion.Finallytheauthorconcludedthewholepassage.2.FeaturesofHeadlinesofEnglishNewsTheheadlineisanimportantpartofanewsreport.Sincefewpeoplehaveenoughtimetoreadthenewsfrombeginningtoend,mostreaderstrytolearnasmuchinformationaspossibleintheshortesttime(Gao,2018:28)GaoFeiyan[高飞雁].2018,新闻英语的语言特征与翻译研究:评《英语新闻的语言特点与翻译》.新闻与写作,(4):28-29.GaoFeiyan[高飞雁].2018,新闻英语的语言特征与翻译研究:评《英语新闻的语言特点与翻译》.新闻与写作,(4):28-29.2.1SpecialWordsVocabularyfeaturesareactuallytheso-called“wording”inliterarycriticism.Thestructureofawordcanbediscusseddirectlyfromthetraditionalmorphology:root,prefixandsuffix.Underthisheading,itiseasytoseetheuseofsomespecialwordsinEnglishnewsheadlines,suchasthefrequentoccurrenceofcompoundwordsandcomplexaffixesinvolvingclassicalLatinorGreekcomponents,aswellasanyabnormalformsthatmayappear.Generallyspeaking,inEnglishnewsheadlines,abbreviationandacronymofwords,activeverbsandwordcombinationaremostfrequentlyused,whichwillbediscussedwithexamples.2.1.1UseofAbbreviationandAcronymAbbreviationsandacronymsoftenappearinEnglishnewsheadlines.Abbreviationsarespecialformsofcertainwordsmadeupofmanyletters.Theabbreviatedformsofwordsusuallyusedontheconditionthattheoriginalwordsaretoolongtoappearinnewsheadlinesthatrequireshortlanguageaswellasthatsuchshortformsarewidelyrecognizedandacceptedbyallthereaders(Li,2005:35)LiYan[李艳].2005.英语新闻标题的特点与翻译技巧.华中农业大学学报,5:35-36.LiYan[李艳].2005.英语新闻标题的特点与翻译技巧.华中农业大学学报,5:35-36.Example1:USrefusesMEtotalktodatachallenge.Example2:LawmakerslooktoTrumpasChristmasEveExample3:DonaldTrump:“Amend”COVID-19reliefpackage.Example4:FDAOKsBloodPressureDrug.Example5:NoHopefor118CrewofRussianSub.Atthefirstsightoftheabovenewsheadlines,wemaysuddenlybeatlostbecausetherearemanyAbbreviationsandacronymsofcompletewordsareadaptedthatmayleavereadersinconfusioniftheseformsarenotunderstood.Inexample1,wemaybewonderingwhattheword“ME”means.Itisthesamemeaningwiththegeneralformof“I”intheobjectivecase?Ofcourseno.Ifthereaderscontinuetofinishthepassage,theymayunderstandthatitisabouttheUSgovernmentopposingthecountriesintheMiddleEasttotalkintheinternationalstage,whichobviouslyistheconciseversionof“MiddleEast”.Inexample4,FDAistheformofthefirstcapitalizedlettersofFoodandDrugAdministration,theUSgovernmentdepartmentthatisresponsibleformakingsurethatfoodanddrugsaresafetobesold.Suchformsofwordinginnewsheadlinesmakesitmoreattractivetoreaderswithlesswordsandmoremarginforspecificcontent.However,maybeforsomereaders,theunfamiliarabbreviationsandacronymsmaystopthemfromconsequentreadingbecauseoftheobscurityconveyedintheheadline.Itisalsoeasytofindthatmostoftheabbreviationsandacronymsareaboutthenamesofcertainorganizationsandgroups.2.1.2UseofShortWordsInEnglishnews,theuseofshortwordsintheheadlinesisanotherlexicalfeature.Duetotimeandspaceconstraints,newseditorshavetodotheirbesttousetheleastlanguagesymbolstoconveythemostinformation(Liu,1998:420)刘宓庆，1998，《文体与翻译》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,420..Theytrytouseexactandsimplewords,andstimulatethereadervisuallyandincreasetheirdesiretocontinuetheirreading.Forexample,phrasesinsteadoflongerwordsareusedtohelpreadersunderstandnewsheadlinessoastosavemorespaceinnewspapertouncovermoreinformationandcatertothepublic.刘宓庆，1998，《文体与翻译》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,420.Example5:BushFacesTestBeforeSecondTerm.Example6:NewATMsHitChineseMarket.Example7:WorldLeadersReact.Example8:GiveChristmasthanks,thengovote!Newsunlikeanyothertextsisverydemandinginwordingbecausethemissionofnewsreportsistodelivertheaccurateandsoundtruthtoreaders.Normallythelongerthewords,thelesspatienttheywillbetoreadthenews.Therefore,thewideapplicationofmidgewordsarepreferablebynewswriters,sosomelongacademicandformalwordsmaynotbeusedinnewsheadlines.Forexample,“encounter”“damage”“respond”willbereplacedbysmallandshortwordsthatareinsimilarorclosemeaninglike“hit”“face”.Throughtheaboveanalysis,wecanseethattheuseofshortwordsisveryeffective.Themoreconciseandcharmingthetitleis,itwillbecomeamorereadabletitle.Interestingly,sometimessimplerwordsareeasiertoconfusereaders,butpeople'scuriositywillleadpeopletoreaddown.Becauseoftheshortnessofsmallwords,theyarerepeatedlyusedinnewsheadlines.ThisisaprominentfeatureofEnglishnewsheadlines,butitisdifficulttoseethembeingusedinotherEnglishstyles.2.1.3UseofGenerativeWordsNewsreportsareanimportantwayforpeopletounderstandthelatestnewsofthecurrentpolitics,economy,culture,andtechnologyandotherfields.Whentheoriginalwordsaredifficulttoaccuratelysummarizenewthingsandchangesinthenewtimes,alargenumberofnewvocabularywillappeartostrengthenthefreshnessofnewsheadlines.Therefore,thefrequentuseofnewvocabularyisadistinctivefeatureofEnglishnews(Ruan,2006:125)RuanXiaoyan[阮小燕].2006.浅谈英语新闻标题的语言特点及汉译.田高等函授学报(哲学社会科学版),16:125..Newwordsusuallyincludetwotypes:First,thewordswithcommonlyknownmeaningshavenewconnotations.Thenewmeaningisderivedfromanoldvocabulary,anddifferentcontextsderivedifferentmeanings.Second,thefastdevelopmentoftheworldcausestheemergenceofnewwordsthatarenotexistentialinthepast.Besides,whennewsreportsinvolveforeigneventsorthings,newsheadlinesoftenintroduceforeignwordsinordertomoredirectlyandappropriatelyexpressthenewseventandconveythemeaningofthenewsreport,whichisconducivetoenhancingreaders'interestinreading.Withtheincreaseinthenumberofforeignwords,foreignwordsaregraduallyincorporatedintoEnglishvocabulary,whichpromotesthedevelopmentofEnglishlanguagetoacertainextent(Guth,1969)Guth,H.P.1969.WordsandIdeasAHandbookforCollegeWriting.California:WadsworthPublishingCompany,Inc.,.RuanXiaoyan[阮小燕].2006.浅谈英语新闻标题的语言特点及汉译.田高等函授学报(哲学社会科学版),16:125.Guth,H.P.1969.WordsandIdeasAHandbookforCollegeWriting.California:WadsworthPublishingCompany,Inc.,.Example9:Forlargeforeigncompanies,Chinesepresenceisonlyasmallpartofglobalinvestment.Example10:Year2000BugUnstoppableforSomeCorporations.Example11:AmericanOnline:OftenDown,NeverOut.Intheninthexample,“presence”literallymeans“existence”“comingintobeing”.Butinthisheadline,thegenerativemeaningisadaptedas“investment”.Suchuseofwordscanmakereadersrefreshingandinterestedinthecontentofthenews.Thesameeffectcanalsobeachievedintheotheraboveexamples.2.2TheFigureofSpeechRhetoricisaproperlinguistictoolinaccordancewithspecificcontexts.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofnewspapers,magazinesandjournals,rhetoricisextensivelyusedinEnglishnewspapers,especiallyinthenewsheadlines.Agoodnewsheadlinenotonlyrequiresconcisenessandclearness,butalsoneedslinguisticskillslikerhetorictodrawtheattentionofthereaders(Guo,2019:25)GuoXia[郭霞].2019.英语新闻语篇修辞策略与认知分析方法研究.新闻战线,10:25-27GuoXia[郭霞].2019.英语新闻语篇修辞策略与认知分析方法研究.新闻战线,10:25-272.2.1Alliteration&RhymeAlliterationreferstotherepetitionofthepronunciationofthefirstletterofaword.Itusesthepronunciationofthewordandthecoordinationofsyllablesandtonestoachievetheeffectofrhymingandaddthebeautyofnewsheadlines.Rhymereferstotherepetitionofthepronunciationoftheendingsoundoftheletterofaword.Therhetoricaltechniqueofrhymeinthenewsheadlinecanenhancetheoverallbeautyoftheheadlinelanguage,sothattheheadlinecanbecatchyandimpressive.Example12:Byebye,thebalancedbudget.Example13:FitorFat?Example14:AftertheBoom,EverythingisGloom.Example15:WhoisnearClinton'ssear?Intheexample12,alliterationisused.Inexample12,except“the”,otherwordsareallinrhythminthesound“b”intheverybeginningofthewords;inexample14,therhythmfallsinthe“m”soundattheendoftheverbs.Suchusageofthealliterationmethodmakestheheadlinemoreinterestingandeasytocatch.2.2.2PunInacertainconversationalsituation,theconditionsofhomophoneormultiplemeaningsofwordscanbeusedtomakethelanguagehavetwolayersofmeaning,andanotherlayerofmeaningisimplicitundertheideogram.TherearealotofthesamespellingwordsinEnglish,butthemeaningsarequitedifferent.Applyingsuchpunstonewsheadlinescanincreasetheconnotationofheadlinesandarousereaders'readinginterest.Example16:ThinkOutsidetheBank.Example17:TheresaMaybe.Inexample16,itisoriginally“thinkoutsidethebox”,anEnglishidiomthatimpliesthefreedomofstickingtostereotypesorconventionalregulations.ThiseditorialcriticizedlotsofcentralbankersinEuropefortheirbiasedandfustywaysofthinkingandoperation;therefore,theneedtothinkoutsidetheboxshouldbeputonthetopoftheiragenda.Inexample17,itchangesthefirstname“May”oftheformerBritishpremierministerinto“Maybe”,whichisaphoneticandgrammaticalrecomposition.“Maybe”,anadverbandnouninEnglish,meanspossiblyandpossibility.Thispunintheheadlineuses“maybe”asanoun,mockingtheirresolutionofTheresaMayintheactoftacklingBrexit.2.2.3MetaphorMetaphorisoneofthemostcommonlyusedrhetoricaldevicesinvariousstyles.Itiseasytofindthatmetaphorsarefrequentlyusedinnewsheadlines.Example18:SlowLaneisSafestOnCurrencyIssues.Example19:Downinmouthnewsfordentists.ThefunctionoftheuseofmetaphorinEnglishnewsheadlinesmakestheheadlinesbothvividandeye-catchingforreaderstodelveintothenews.2.3SimpleGrammarNewsbearsthefeaturesofinstanceoftime,whichmeansthatnewsbeingreportedhasalreadyhappened,whileforlivestreamingthingsarehappeningatthemoment.Therefore,thegrammarappliedEnglishnewsheadlinesisverydifferentfromregularEnglishgrammar,andsometimesevenmakespeoplefeelthatitisnotincompliancewiththenorms,andthisispreciselythedistinctivefeatureofnewsheadlinegrammar(Jia,1999:134)JiaWenbo[贾文波],1999.《汉英时文翻译:政治经济汉译英300句》.北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,134.JiaWenbo[贾文波],1999.《汉英时文翻译:政治经济汉译英300句》.北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,134.Example20:PresidentsTrumpvisitsJapannextweek.Example21:WallStreetTakesaDive.Example22:WorkersCheckedAfterRadiationLeak.Itiseasytofindthatcomplexsentencestructuressuchasvariousclausesareneverusedwhichnotonlytoolongtoreadbutalsotime-consumingforreadersinsuchafast-pacedsociety.Therefore,theuseofsimplegrammaticalfocusesonnewsheadlinesmakesiteasierforreaderstograspthemaininformationofthenews.2.4ConciseLanguageNewsheadlinesareaconcisesummaryofnewsreports.Thefunctionofnewsheadlinesistoletpeopleknowthegeneralcontentofthenewsquickly.Innewspapersandmagazines,wordsareaspreciousasgoldfornewspages(Shuai,2014:254)ShuaiHuajuan[率华娟].2014.从翻译角度谈英语新闻标题的语言特点.青年记者,17:254-256.ShuaiHuajuan[率华娟].2014.从翻译角度谈英语新闻标题的语言特点.青年记者,17:254-256.Insummary,thefeaturesofEnglishnewsheadlinescanbediscussedfromtheaspectsoflexical,grammaticalandrhetoricallevel.Itisbecauseofsuchdistinctivefeaturesofnewsheadlinesthatwhentheyarebeingtranslated,moreattentionmustbepaidtonotjustthemeaningoftheoriginalheadlinesbutalsotheformsandconnotationsthroughdifferenttranslationstrategies.3.TheDifferencesBetweenEnglishandChineseNewsHeadlines3.1VocabularydifferencesItisgenerallyviewedthatinbothChineseandEnglishnewsheadlines,abbreviationsandacronyms,shortwordsandnewwords.Themajorlexicaldifferencesareexhibitedinthefollowingaspects.InEnglishnewsheadlines,alargenumberofshortwordsarealwayspreferredforEnglishtitlesinordertosavespaceformoreroomtohavedetailedreportsontheissues.Englishwordsaremostlymuti-syllable;eachwordvariesinlength,andalongwordtakesupalotoftitlewords.Inordertosavespace,short,concise,preciseandvividwordsarealwayschoseninEnglishheadlinestoreplacewordswithmoreletters.Forexample,ashasbeendiscussedabove,somebasicandshortwordsarewidelyused,“policeman”replacedby“cop”,“cut”replacedby“eradicate”and“aid”substituting“assistance”andsoon.WhileChineseisamonosyllabiclanguage.Eachwordhasmultiplemeaningsandthesamesize,whichsavesspaceandiseasytoarrange(Hornby,1997:252)HornbyA.S.1997.OxfordAdvancedLearner'sEnglish-ChineseDictionary.Beijing:TheCommercialPress,..Therefore,thereisnoneedtoworryabouttheproductionofChinesetitles.HornbyA.S.1997.OxfordAdvancedLearner'sEnglish-ChineseDictionary.Beijing:TheCommercialPress,.NewsEnglishgenerallyfollowstheso-called“ABC”principle,thatis,thecontentofthereportisaccurate,thelanguageandtextareconcise,andthestructureisclearAdjectivesoradverbsarerarelymixedintheheadlinesinordertobeaccurate,conciseandobjective,whilesuchadjectivesoradverbsfrequentlyappearinChinesetitles.Let'sseesomeexamplesforcomparison.Example23:Russiaactstoendbiasagainstdomesticmedia.Example24:UKandEUreachpost-Brexitdeal.Example25:特朗普发表任内最后一次圣诞致辞，猛夸疫苗：真是”圣诞奇迹”Example26:中国渔船在全世界非法捕鱼？汪文斌：毫无事实根据的恶意抹黑攻击。IncomparisonofChineseandEnglishnewsheadlines,itiseasytofindthatChinesenewsheadlinespaysattentiontotheformthatiseye-catchingforreaderswithoutcaringabouttheuseoflongorshortwords,whileEnglishheadlinesusestheleastshortandconcisewordstoconveythemostimportantinformationintheheadlines.3.2GrammardifferencesOmissionisthemostprominentfeatureofnewsheadlines.Omittingallmeaninglesswordsandmakingthewholeheadlineshortandconcisenotonlyhighlightsthecoreinformationbutalsoshortensthelengthoftheheadlines.ThisistrueforbothChineseandEnglishnews,buttheomittedelementsareslightlydifferent.ThesubjectcanbeomittedinChinesetitles,butnotinEnglish;functionalwordsarerarelyusedinChineseheadlines,andtherearenoarticles;butthesecanbeomittedinEnglishheadlineslike“the”and“a/an”andco-verbs“being”.VerbsinEnglishchangeintense,andthereisnoexceptioninheadlines.Sincenewsheadlinesmustbeconciseandconcise,itisimpossibletouseallEnglishtensestotransformnewsfacts.Forthisreason,newsheadlineshaveformedtheirownuniquetensecharacteristicsinordertoachievethepurposeofmakingtheverbsbothexpressiveandtemporal.NewsheadlinesinEnglishnewspapersgenerallydonotusethepasttense,butusethepresenttensetomakereadersreadthenewsasiftheyareinthespot.Thisiscalledthe“journalisticpresenttense”.ThepresenttenseofChineseheadlinesisgenerallyimpliedbysemantics,andthetenseisnotobvious,butitcanalsoreplacethepasttenselikethegeneralpresenttenseinEnglishheadlines.3.3RhetoricaldifferencesChineseheadlinesaremoreliterallyeditedtoshowthecoreofknowledgelevelwhileatthesametimemaintainingattractiveness,emphasizingcontrastandrhyme;Englishheadlinesareusingsimpleandplainlanguage,focusingonuncoveringfacts(Nash,1989:18)Nash,W.1989.RhetoricTheWitofPersuasion[M].Oxford:BasilBlackwellLtd.,..TherhetoricdevicesusedinEnglishnewsheadlinesislimited.Themorecommonlyusedonesareallusion,metaphor,personification,alliteration,repetition,pun,displacementrhetoric,inversion,etc.;inChinese,parallelism,overlap,subversion,loopback,epigrams,etc.arecommonlyused.Someexamplescanbestillustratesuchdifferencesinrhetoricallevels.Nash,W.1989.RhetoricTheWitofPersuasion[M].Oxford:BasilBlackwellLtd.,.Example27:Microsoftopensanewwindow.(Personification&Pan)Example28:DecisionandDivision.(Rhythm)Example29:FedEx:TakingofflikeRocketship.(Simile)Example30:抓党风、促政风、带民风。(Parallelism)Example31:工业上山，山尽其利，利国利民。(Gradatio)Inconclusion,differentfiguresofspeechareadaptedinbothChinesandEnglishheadlineswithanaimtocreateanimpressionofinterestandattractivenesssothatreaderscanhavetheinteresttocontinuethereading.4.TranslationTechniquesofHeadlinesofEnglishNewsInviewoftheabovecharacteristicsofEnglishnewsheadlines,weshouldpayattentiontoseveralpointswhentranslating.First,respectthemeaningoftheoriginaltitle.Second,thelanguagecharacteristicsofChineseshouldbebroughtintoplaywithoutchangingthemeaningoftheoriginaltitle.Third,thetranslationshouldtakecareofreaders'feelingsandgivereadersaclearfeeling.Inordertomeettheserequirements,sometranslationtechniqueswillbeintroducedincludingamplification,omission,adaptation.4.1AmplificationAmplificationreferstothemethodoffulltranslationthatstartsfromthefulltextandaddssomenecessarylanguageunitstothetranslationaccordingtotheneedsoflogic,syntaxandrhetoric.Duetothedifferencesinbilingualthinkingmode,languagestructureandcustomaryexpressionmethods,somenecessarywordsaresometimesaddedintranslationtoconnectsemantics,fillinpossiblesemanticgapsorshortcomings,andmakethetranslatedsemanticsmoreclearandconformtoChineseexpressionssoastoachieveacertainrhetoricaleffectsimilartotheoriginaltext.Theadditionaltranslationcanexpressthehiddenelementsorcontentintheoriginaltext,especiallysomeinformationrelatedtothebackgroundoftheoriginaltext.Amplificationwillnottransformthemeaningoftheoriginaltext,insteaditwillmakethetranslationmorenaturalanddetailedinconveyingcertaininformation.(Gao,2013:116)GaoLijuan[高丽娟].2013.增译法:内隐于外显，增词不增意.大庆师范学院学报,116.Example32:ST:Older,Wiser,Calmer.TT:人越老，智越高，心越平。Thispieceofnewsfocusesontheissuesofthecurrentagingsociety,especiallythewisdomandcalmnessofoldpeopleindealingwithvariousproblemsaftertheirretirement.Ifitisliterallytranslateitinto“更老，更聪明，更冷静”accordingtotheoriginaltext,ItmayseemstrangeforChinesereadersandtheywillbeconfused.Therefore,itisbettertoaddextraword“人”asthesubjectsoastokeepinlineinformtobettersuitthereadinghabitsofChinesereaders.Example33:ST:JapanesedashtoUStosay“Ido”.TT:日本情侣蜂拥美利坚，牧师面前誓言”我愿意”。Whentranslatingthisheadline,someinformationabouttheAmericanandJapanesesocialcustomsshouldbenoticed.ReaderswhoknowaboutWesterncultureandcustomswillknowthatwhenWesternersholdweddingsinchurches,thepriestwhopresidesovertheweddingwillaskbothparties,“Doyouwanttomarryhim/her?”Afterbothpartiesanswer“Ido”,thepriestdeclaresthatbothpartiesareofficiallymarried.Therefore,“Ido”hasbecomesynonymouswithweddingsheldinchurchesinEnglish-speakingcountries.Duetoyearsofreformandopeningup,mostChinesepeoplearefamiliarwithWesternweddings,butiftheoriginalheadlineisdirectlytranslatedinto“日本人蜂拥到美国说‘我愿意’'“,itwouldbetooabrupt.Accordingtothewholecontent,adding“情侣”andwordssuchas“牧师”makesthetranslationcompleteandmorereadable.4.2OmissionOmissionmeansthatsomewordsintheoriginaltextarenottranslatedinthetranslationprocessintargetlanguage;inotherwords,omissionistodeletesomewordsthatarenotdispensable,ortherearewordsthatarecumbersomeorcontrarytothecustomaryexpressionofthetranslation,butthereducedtranslationdoesnotdeletesomeoftheoriginalcontent(Newmark,1998:41)Newmark,Peter.1998.MoreParagraphsonTranslation.ClevedonandPhiladelphia:MultilingualMatters,41..Newmark,Peter.1998.MoreParagraphsonTranslation.ClevedonandPhiladelphia:MultilingualMatters,41.Example34:ST:YouNeedtoSleepLessthanYouThink.TT:适当少睡更有利于健康。Inthisexample,“You”and“youthink”areallomittedwhichhelpstheheadlinetranslationmoreconciseandChinesereadersmoreeasytograspthemaininformationsincesuchwordsseemtobelessimportantthatconveynon-substantialmeanings.Ifitistranslatedaccordingtotheliteralmeaningas“你需要睡比你想的更少的时间。”，itwillbelessattractive.4.3AdaptationAdaptationreferstotheprincipleoftheadaptionofsomecertainidiomaticstructuresinthetargetlanguage.Thestructuresborrowedcanbeidioms,idiomaticphrases,setphrases,proverbs,sayings,colloquialisms,allusions,slangandenigmaticfolksimiles.Chineseexpressionareusuallyshapedbyitstime-honoredhistoryandprofoundculture(Chen,2001:226)Chen,Hongwei[陈宏薇]，2001，《汉英翻译基础》.上海：海外语教育出版社,266.Chen,Hongwei[陈宏薇]，2001，《汉英翻译基础》.上海：海外语教育出版社,2UsingOtherFiguresofSpeechAshasbeendiscussedabove,differentfiguresofspeechareusedinEnglishnewsheadlinestocreateanimpressionoffunandinterestsothatreaderscanbecaughtupforthefirstsight(Xu,2003:203)XuMingwu[许明武]，2003，《新闻英语与翻译》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司，2003..Therefore,XuMingwu[许明武]，2003，《新闻英语与翻译》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司，2003.Example35:ST:WorldCupprelimpremier.(alliteration)TT:世界杯预选赛初燃战火。(metaphor)Inthesourcetext,alliterationisusedasthesound“p”asthebeginningofthelasttwowordsmakesthesentencemorevividandachievestheauditoryeffectssothatreaderscanbettermemorizeit.IntheChinesetranslatedversion,metaphorisusedbecauseworldcupisacompetitionthatisdeemedasabattleandthepreliminaryraceiscomparedtothefirethatislitbeforethebattlestarts,whichisjustlikethebattlesinancienttimes.“战火”isametaphorshowingapictureofthefootballgame.4.3.2UsingClassicalExpressionandIdiomsEnglishisalanguagesystemthathasalonghistoryandintheformationprocessofEnglish,variousexpressionsareformedthatareuniquetoEnglishculture(Cuddon,1986:352)Cuddon,J.A.1986.ADictionaryofLiteraryTerms.Middlesex:PenguinBooksLtd.,..Therefore,whendealingwithsuchcultural-loadedexpressions,someChineseidiomaticphrasesandexpressionscanalsobeadaptedtobetterinterprettheEnglishwords.Let'sseesomeexamples.Cuddon,J.A.1986.ADictionaryofLiteraryTerms.Middlesex:PenguinBooksLtd.,.Example36:ST:UK'soldestpersondiesat115.TT:英国第一寿星谢世，享年115岁。Inthisexample,freetranslationandadditionareusedheretobetterinterprettheEnglishversionofheadlines.SuchclassicChineseexpressionsas“寿星”“谢世”areused,on