2023年年全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题

202３年全国医学博士外语统-入学考试英语试题１请考生一方面将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚,并按"考场指令"规定,将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。2.试卷一(PaｐerOne)答案和试卷二(ＰapｅrTwo)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。3.试卷一答题时必须使用28铅笔，将所选答案按规定在相应位置涂黑：如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。４.标准答题卡不可折叠,同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。国家医学考试中心PAPＥRONＥPart1:Ｌiｓｔenｉngcｏmprｅhｅｎsion（3０％）SｅctionＡDirｅｃtiｏns:Ｉntｈｉssectioｎyouwiｌｌｈearｆifｔeenshorｔconversationsbetｗｅｅｎｔwosｐeakｅrs,Atｔhｅendｏｆeachｃonvｅrsaｔiｏn,youwｉｌｌhearａqｕesｔｉonaboutwhatissaｉｄ,Ｔheqｕeｓtionwiｌlberｅａｄonｌyonce,Aｆtｅｒｙouheaｒthequesｔｉon,readｔhｅfouｒpｏｓsibleaｎswｅｒｓｍarkeｄA,B,C,andD.ChooseｔｈeｂestanswersandｍaｒｋtheleｔterofyourchｏiceonｔheANSWERＳHEETLｉｓtｅｎtｏｔhefolｌｏｗingexample．Youｗillhear．Woｍan:1ｆｅｌlfaint.Ｍａn:ＮowonderYｏuhaven'tｈadabiｔｅaｌlｄayQｕestion：Wｈaｔ'sthematterwｉｔhｔhewoｍａn？Ｙoｕｗiｌlｒead.A.Sheisｓick.Ｂ.ＳｈｅｉｓbiｔtｅnbyａnａntC.Sｈeisｈｕnｇry.D.Shespiｌlｅｄhｅrｐaｉnｔ.HereCistｈeｒiｇｈｔansｗerＮoｗｌet'ｓbｅginwｉthquestionNuｍber１.１Ａ.Hoｗtｏdealwithhｉsslｅepｉngprobleｍ.B.Ｔhecaｕｓｅofhissｌeepｉngｐroｂlem.C.Whatfolｌowsｈisiｎsomｎia.D.Tｈeｓeveritｙｏfhｉsmediｃａｌpｒoｂlem．２.Ａ．ToｔaｋethｅmedicineforalongeｒtimeB.Tｏｄiscontinuethｅmedicａtｉｏn．C.Toｃｏmetoseeheraｇain.D.Toswｉtcｈtootｈｅrmedicａtioｎs．3.A.TotaleitｅａsyandcｏntinuｅｔｏworkB.Tｏｔaｋeａsicｋleave．C.Tokeｅpaｗayfｒｏmwork.D．Ｔohavｅafolloｗ-up.4.Ａ.Fullnessiｎtheｓｔomaｃh.B．Occasｉoｎaｌｓtoｍachａchｅ.Ｃ.Stomaｃｈdiｓｔentiｏn．Ｄ．Frｅqｕentｂelcｈes.5.A．extremelyｓeｖere.B.Ｎｏtveryseｖerｅ.C．Morｅsｅverｅｔhaｎexpected．Ｄ.It'ｓhａrdｔoｓaｙ.6.Ａ．Hehａslostｓomeweｉght.B.Ｈehaｓｇaineｄalｏt.C.HeneedstｏeｘｅrcisemoreD.Heiｓstillovｅrｗeｉght.7.A.ShｅiｓｇivｉngｔhemａｎａninｊeｃtioｎB．Shｅiｓlisｔeniｎgtotｈｅmａn'sｈｅａrtC．Shｅｉsfeeｌｉngthemａn'ｓpulsｅ.Ｄ.Sheiｓhelpinｇｔheｍanstoｐsｈivering８.Ａ.Ｉnｔhegym.B.ＩntｈeofficｅC.Iｎtｈｅcｌiｎic．Ｄ.Iｎｔheｂoaｔ.9.A.Diarrhｅa.B.Ｖomｉting．Ｃ.Ｎausea.D．Acold.１０.A.Ｓhehaｓdｅvelｏｐeｄaｌlergiｅｓ.B.Sｈｅｄoｅsr1·tknoｗwｈａｔａｌ｜ergｉesａre-C.Sheｄoesn'tｈaveaｎyalｌｅｒgieｓD．Shehasalｌergiesｔreaｔeｄalｒｅaｄｙ.1１A.Ｌｉｓtenｔomｕsｉc.B.Readmagaziｎｅs.C.Goplａｙtennis．Ｄ.Sｔayintheｈousｅ1２ASｈeisn’tｆeeliｎｇwellＢ.Ｓheisunderpｒesｓｕre.C．Shedoｅsn'tliketheweatherＤＳheisfeｅlingrelieｖｅd13.Ａ.Mlcｈaeｌ'swifewasiｌl.B．Mｉchael＇ｓdaughtｅrｗasillC.Miｃhael＇sｄaｕghｔergａｖｅbirtｈtｏtｗｉns．D.Ｍｉcｈaelwasｈosｐitａlｉzｅdｆorａcｈｅｃk-uｐ.14.A．Shｅisabsｅnt-mindｅdB.Sheisinｈigｈsｐirｉtｓ.C.Sheｉsindifferent．Ｄ.Sｈeiｓcompassiｏｎaｔe．15.A.TｅｎyearｓagoＢ.Fiveyearsago.C．Fifteenyeaｒsagｏ.D．Sｅveralｗeeksago.ＳecｔiｏnＢDireｃtioｎs:Iｎｔhisｓeｃｔｉoｎyoｕwｉllｈeａroneconｖersatｉｏｎandｔwopasｓagｅs,afteｒeacｈofwhicｈ,ｙｏuwiｌｌhｅarfivｅquesｔiｏns.Afteｒeachｑｕestioｎ,reaｄtｈefourpｏｓsibleanswｅrsmａrkeｄA，B,ＣandD．Ｃhooｓeｔｈｅbeｓtａnｓwerandmaｒｋtｈeletteｒoｆ．youｒchｏｉcｅoｎｔheＡNSWERＳＨEETDialoｇｕe16.A.Ａbloｏdｔest.B.AgaｓtrosｃoｐyC.ＡchｅstＸ-raｙexam.D.AbａｒiumX－ｒａytｅｓt.1７.A.Toloseｓomeweｉght．B.TotaｋｅafeｗmｏｒeteｓｔsＣ.Toslｅeponthreepilｌｏws.D.Tｏｅａｔsmａllerlightermeals1８.Ａ．Ｐotaｔｏchiｐs.B.Chiｃｋｅn．C.Cereal.Ｄ．fiｓh．19.A．UlcerB.CａnｃeｒC.DｅprｅsｓiｏnD.Heｒnia20.A.Hewillｔrythediｅtthedocｔｏrrｅcommended.B.Ｈewillaskforaｓiｃｋleａｖｅandrelaxatｈome.C.Hｅwiｌｌtakethemｅdicｉｎetｈedoctｏrpresｃribeｄ.D.Hewiｌｌtａkｅａfｅwmoreteｓtsｔoruｌeoｕtcaｎcer.ＰａssageOｎe21Ａ.AnｅwcｏncｅｐtｏfdiａbetｅsB.ThｅdefinitionofTyｐe1anｄTｙpe2diabetes．C．Thenewmanageｍentoｆdiaｂeｔiｃsinthehoｓｐｉｔal．D．Ｔｈeｎeｗdｅveloｐmentofｎon-perishablｅiｎsuｌinｐillｓ.2２.Ａ.Beｃauｓeiｔvaporizeseａsｉlｙ.B.Bｅｃａuseitbecomesoverａcｔiveeasily.C.Ｂecausｅitisusｕaｌlyininjｅｃｔionｆｏrm.D.Bｅcauseitisnotsｔabｌｅabovｅ4０degｒeeｓFahreｎheit.2３．A.ＴhediabｅｔiｃscanbecuｒedwｉtｈｏuttakｉngsｙntheticinｓｕlinanylｏnｇerB．Ｔｈeｆinｄiｎgsｐｒoviｄeinｓｉｇｈtintohowinｓulinｗorks.Ｃ.Inｓulincanｂemoresｔabｌethanitiｓｎow．D．Ｉｎsuｌiｎｃanbeprｏduｃeｄnａｔｕｒally.2４．A.Iｔｉsstablｅatroomtempｅratｕrｅforseverａlyears.B.Ｉtiｓadｍinistereddｉrectｌyｉntothebｌoodstreaｍ.C.Itｄeｌiversglucoseｆrombloｏｄtoｔheｃｅｌls.D.Iｔｉsmｏrechemiｃallycｏmplｅx.25.A.Wｈyinsuliｎisnotstabｌeatroｏmtemperaｔure.B．Howｉｍｐｏｒtaｎｔitistouｎdeｒｓtａnｄｔheｃhemicalboｎdｓofiｎsｕliｎ.Ｃ.WhｙｐeopleｗｉｔｈＴype1andＴｙpe2diaｂetesdon'ducｅeｎoughinsulｉn.D.Whatｓｈapeiｎsuｌｉntakeswｈeniｔｕｎlocｋsthecellｓtotａkesｕgａrfｏｒmｂlｏod.PassagｅTwｏ26.A.Vegetaｔivepatｉｅｎtsaremｏｒeaware．Ｂ.Vegetativepatienｔｓrｅtaｉｎsomｅｃｏnｔroloｆtｈｅiｒeyemovement.C.EEＧｓcａnsmayheｌｐuｓｃommuｎｉcatewitｈtｈevegetaｔｉveｐａtiｅntsD.Weuｓuallycｏmｍuｎiｃatewiththeｂraｉn-deａdｐeoｐlｅｂｙbｒain－wavｅ.2７A.Ｔheleｆt－hａnｄｓideofthebrａｉn．B.Thｅriｇhｔ-handsideofthebｒain．CThｅcｅｎtralpartｏfthebrａin.Ｄ.Ｔhｅｆroｎtpａｒtｏfthebrａin28.A.31B.6.C.4.D.129．A.Tｈeｐatｉentｗasbrain-deadB.Tｈeｐaｔiｅｎtwasn＇tbrain-dead.C．Thepatｉeｎtｈadsomｅcｏｎtｒｏｌoverｈｉｓeyemoｖements.D．Ｔheｐaｔientｋｎewthｅmoｖeｍentheｏrshewasmakｉｎg30.A．Theｐatiｅnｔisnoｔeｃｈｎicallyvｅgｅtaｔiｖe.B.Thepatieｎtｃanｃommｕnicatｅiｎｓomewaｙ.C.Weｃantraｉnｔｈｅｐatientｏfｓｐeak.D.Thefaｍilymembｅrsaｎdｄocｔorsｃａｎｐｒoviｄebetterｃａre.Part1１Vocａbｕlａry(1０％)SectionADirｅctｉon:Intｈissectｉon，ａｌltheseｎｔenｃeｓareincomｐlｅｔｅ.Fourｗｏｒd-ｏrphrａseｓmarkeｄA,B,CaｎｄDaregivenbｅｎeatｈeachofthem.Yｏuaretocｈooｓethｅwｏrdoｒphraｓetｈａｔbestｃompletesthesｅntencｅ,tｈenmarkyouranswerｏntｈeAＮSWERSHEET3１Dｅsｐitehｉｓｄｏｃtｏr’snoｔｅoｆｃaｕtｉｏn，ｈeｎｅvｅr＿_fｒomdrｉnkinｇandｓｍｏkｉngA.ｒeｔainedB.dｉssuａdedＣ.alleｖiaｔedＤ.abstaｉnｅd32．Peｏpleｗithahistoｒyoｆｒeｃurｒentｉnfｅctioｎsarewａrneｄｔhattheuseofｐersｏｎａｌstereoｓｗitｈhｅadｓｅtsiｓlikelyｔｏ_tｈｅｉｒheａrｉngA.rehabilｉtateB.jeopａrdizｅC．trａnqｕｉliｚｅD.ｓupplement３3.Impartｉalobｓeｒｖersｈadtｏａckｎoｗledｇeｔhaｔlaｃkoffoｒcationdidnoｔ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ysthａtthelivｅrｓaren'tｇrｏwnfromscｒatｃｈ？A.Ｔheｍａkingofabｉologicａlsｃaｆfoldｏｆpｒoteｉnsａnｄeｘｔracｅlｌuｌarａrchiteｃｔure.B．Ahugeｓtepｔowaｒdｂuｉldingfuｎctｉoninｇlｉvｅｒsiｎthｅｌａb.C.ThebuilｄingoｆｔｈeiｎｆｒａｓtructｕreoｆadoｎoｒlivｅｒＤ.Gｒowｉngｌｉvercelｌｓintｈean68.ThｅbioｌogicalｓcａfｆoldｗａsnｏｔｐutintothecuｌtureinｔhelａbｕntilＡ.duplｉcａtedｓｙnthetｉｃａｌｌｙB．iｓolateｄfroｍtｈehealtｈylｉveｒC.repopｕlaｔeｄwithtｈeｈeａlthyｃｅｌlsD.theａdｄitioｎofsoｍeman－madｅbｌoodvessels69．Whatseｅmstobetheｐrobｌemintｈepｌantedlｉver?A.Ｔheratｓａswrongrecipieｎts.B.Thｅtimepointofthｅｔranｓｐlａnｔation.C.Theｓhortｐｅrioｄoftherecellularizａtion.D．Ｔheｉｎsufficiｅntreｐｏpｕlａｔｉonofthｅbｌoｏｄvessels.７０.ＴhereseａrｃhteａmhoｌｄsｈｉghhopｅｓofＡ.crｅaｔinglab－generaｔｅdｌivｅｒsforpａtientswｉthiｎｔwｏyｅarｓＢ.tｈｅtimetａblｅforgｅnｅratinghumａnlｉversinｔｈelａbＣ.sｔeｍ-cellｒeｓeaｒchaｓthefutureofmeｄicineＤ．ｂuiｌdingafｕllyfuｎctｉoningｌｉverintoratsＰasｓａgeThreeＰatiｅntsｗｈoseｅyeshaｖesｕffereｄheatｏｒchemicａlbｕrnstyｐｉcａlｌyexpeｒｉeｎcesevereｄaｍagｅtothｅcorｎeａ--thｅthｉn,trａnspareｎtｆｒontofthｅｅyeｔhatrefractｓｌighｔaｎｄconｔribｕtesmostoftheeｙe'sfｏcusiｎｇaｂiliｔｙ．Iｎalong-teｒｍstudy，Italｉaｎreｓearｃhersuseｓtemceｌlstaｋｅｎｆromthｅlimbus,tｈeboｒderｂeｔweenthｅcornｅaanｄthewhｉtｅoftｈｅｅｙe,tｏｃuｌtivaｔeａgrａftｏｆhealｔｈycｅｌlｓｉnaｌａbtｏhelpｒeｓtoreｖｉsioｎineｙｅs．Durｉngthe1０-yeaｒｓstudy,tｈereseaｒcｈｅrｓiｍplantedｔhｅhｅａｌthｙｓtemceｌｌｓintoｔhedamagedｃｏrnｅaiｎ１１3ｅyeｓoｆ１12paｔiｅntｓ.Thetreａtmentwaｓfullysucｃｅsｓfulinmoｒｅtｈａn7５peｒcｅnｔofｔｈepatientｓ，aｎｄｐaｒtiaｌｌysuｃｃｅssfuliｎ１3ｐeｒceｎt.Moreover，thereｓtoｒedｖisionrｅｍainｅdstａbleｏveｒ1０years.Ｓuｃｃｅｓswasdefｉneｄaｓaｎabseｎceoｆallｓymptomsａnｄpermａnentrｅｓtoｒaｔionofthecoｒｎｅａ.Ｔｒeatｍenｔoutcomewａsinitialｌyａssessedａｔoneyeａｒ,ｗithuptｏ10yearsoffollｏw-upeｖａluaｔioｎs.Theprocｅdｕrｅｗaｓｅｖeｎsuccessfuｌｉｎseveraｌpaｔiｅntｓwｈosebuｒninjuriesｈａｄoｃcurrｅdyｅａｒｓeａrlierandｗhｏhadaｌｒeadyｕnｄergonｅｓurgery.Curｒenttrｅａｔmｅntforburｎedeyesinvolvｅstａkingsｔｅｍcelｌsｆromapatient'shｅａltｈyeye,orｆromtｈｅeyesｏfaｎotherｐersｏn,ａndtransferrinｇthemtoｔheburｎedeｙｅ.Thenewprocｅｄuｒe,howeverstｉmulaｔｅsthelｉmbａｌsｔｅmｃeｌlsfrｏmtｈepaｔiｅnt'sowneyeｔoreproduceｉnalａbculturｅ．Sｅveraltyｐeｓofｔreaｔmentｓusingsteｍｃｅllshavepｒovensｕcｃessfuｌinrｅstoringblinｄnesｓ，buｔｔhelonｇ-termｅffectｉvenessshownheｒeissignificａnt．Ｔhｅtreatmentiｓonlyforblｉndｎｅsscａusedbydamagetｏtｈecｏrnea；itisｎoteffｅctiveｆoｒrepａirｉngｄamａｇｅｄｒetinasｏroｐtiｃnervｅs.Ｃheｍicaleｙeburｎsoftenocｃurｉntｈeworkpｌaｃe，buｔcanaｌｓohａppeｎdｕetomishapｓｉｎvolvinghousｅｈoldcleａnｉnｇprｏductsandautoｍｏbileｂａtterieｓ.Tｈｅｒesuｌtsofthestudy,ｂaseｄatItａｌy'sUnivｅrsityofModenaandReggioEmilia,ｗeｒｅｐｕbliｓhｅdiｎtｈeJｕne23ｏnlineｉssueｏftheNewEnglaｎdJoｕrnaloｆMedicine．71Whatｉsthｅmainｉdｅaofthisｐassage?A．Stemcｅllscanheｌprestｏｒevisioｎinｔｈeeyesblindeｄbybuｒnｓ.B.Thevｉｓｉonｉｎtｈeeyｅsblindｅdｂｙburnsｆor10ｙｅaｒｓcanｂeresｔorｅd.C.Ｔｈerestoredｖｉsiｏnofｔheｂｕｒｎedｅｙｅｓｔreａteｄwitｈｓｔemcｅlｌscanlastfor10years．D.Ｔheburｎｅdeyesｃanonlybetreａtｅdwithｓｔemceｌlsfrｏmotherheaｌtｈypｅrsons．72.ＴheItaｌiantecｈnｉｑｕｅrepｏrtｅdinthispassageA.canｒepaｉｒdamagedreｔinaｓＢ.ｉｓabletoｔrｅatdａmageｄopticnervesC．ｉseｓpecｉaｌlｙeffｅｃｔiｖeforburninｊuriｅsintｈeｅyesalrｅadytｒｅａtｅdsurｇicalｌｙD.shｏwsalonｇ-termeffeｃｔiｖeneｓｓfｏrｂlindnessinvisｉoncauｓｅdｂｙdaｍａgetoｃｏrnｅa７3.WhichofｔhefolｌｏwingisＮOTmｅntｉonedａbｏuｔeyeｂurnｓ?Ａ.Theplacesinwhicｈpｅoplework.Ｂ.Theａｃcｉdentstｈatiｎvolvｅusinghｏｕsｅholdcleaninｇpｒoducts.C.Thｅmishａpｓthａtinvolvedvehiclesbatterieｓ．D.Thｅdｉsasｔerscausedbybaｔteryｅxplosionathome．74.Ｗhatiｓｏneｏｆtherequiｒementsｆoｒthecurrenｔａpｐroach?A.Ｔhestｅmｃellstakeｎfromａｈealthｙeyｅ.B.Tｈｅpatｉｅｎtpｈysicalｌｙhｅaltｈy.C.Tｈedamagedｅyewｉｔｈpaｒtiａlvisｉon．Ｄ.Theｂlindｎesｓduetodａmagｅdopticnerves.75.Whichoｆtｈefoｌlowｉngwordscanbestｄeｓｃｒiｂeｔheauthor＇sａttiｔudｅｔowardsｔｈenewｍeｔhoｄ?Ａ.Ｓarcastｉｃ．B．Ｉndifｆerｅnt.C.Ｃritｉｃaｌ.D.PosiｔivePassageFｏurHereisacｈaｒminｇstａtiｓｔic:diviｄethｅUSbyｒａce,ｓeｘandcoｕntyofresidence,anddｉfferenｃesinａｖｅragｅlｉfeeｘpectancyacroｓsｔhevariｏusgｒoｕpscanｅxceｅd30ｙeａrｓ.ＴhemostdisadvａｎtagｅdlooklikｅｄｅnｉzensofapoorＡｆricaｎcｏｕntry:ａbｏybｏrｎonaNａtiｖeAmerｉcａｎｒeservationｉｎJacｋｓｏnCounty,SｏutｈDakｏta,foｒexａmｐｌe,wilｌbeluｃｋytoreaｃhhis60thbiｒthday.AtｙpicalｃhildinSｅnegaｌcanexpｅcttolｉveｌongertｈanｔhａt.Amerｉcaisnotaloｎeｉｎthｉsrespect.Whilethepｉctｕreｉsextrｅｍeinotheｒrichｎａtions,hｅａlthineqｕalitiesｂaｓedｏnｒacｅ,ｓexanｄclａsｓｅxistinmｏstsocieties--andareｏｎlypaｒｔｌyexｐlａinedbｙaｃcｅssｔｏhealthcaｒｅ．Butｆresｈｉnsｉghｔsandsoluｔionsmaysoonbeathanｄ.AninnｏvatiｖeprojeｃｔｉnChicａgotoｕnitesociｏｌogｙandbiｏｌoｇyｉsblａzingthｅｔraiｌ(开创）,afterｄiscoｖeringthａtsocialisolａtionanｄfｅarofcrｉmｅcaｎｈelptoexpｌainthｅａlａrmｉngｌｙｈighdeathratefrｏｍbreａsｔｃａnceraｍonｇthecity'sblａcｋwomen.Livｉngintｈeseｃonｄitiｏnsseemstomaketumorsmoreaｇgｒessiveｂycｈａnginggeneａctiviｔy,sｏｔｈaｔcancercellｓcanuｓeｎutrientｓmoｒｅeｆfeｃtiｖely．Wｅarealreaｄyｆamiliａrwithｔｈｅleｔhaleffectofstressonｐeｏｐｌｅclinｇｉngtoｔhebottomｒｕｎgsofthesｏciｅｔaｌlａddeｒ,ｔｈaｎkｓtopioneeringstuｄiｅsｏfBritishcivilservantｓｃoｎdｕｃtedbyMichａｅlMarｍotofUｎiversiｔyＣｏllｅgeＬondoｎ.Whａt'ｓeｘｃitｉngabouttｈeＣhｉcagoprojectistｈａtｉtｂoｔｈｐrｏｂeｓthｅmeｃhanｉsｍｓiｎvolvｅdｉnaspｅｃiｆicdiｓeasｅanｄｓuggestsprecｉsｅremeｄies．Tｈereareｄrｕgsｔｈatmaystａｖｅtumｏrsｏfnuｔrieｎtsanｄｃｏmmunityｃoｏｒdinatoｒｓｃｏuｌdｂeemｐlｏyeｄtohelpreducｅｓｏcialｉsoｌatioｎ．EncourａgedｂytｈeＵＳNaｔiｏnalInｓtiｔutesｏｆＨealtｈ,siｍilaｒprojectｓａｒespriｎginguptoｓtｕdｙothｅｒpockeｔsｏfpoｏrhｅａｌth，inｐopuｌatｉｏnsraｎgiｎｇｆromurｂanblａckmentowhitepｏoｒwomeｎinrurａlAppalａcｈia.Torealizethefｕｌlpotentialofsucｈprojecｔs,ｂioｌogistｓａndsociologisｔｓwilｌhａvetostartｔreatiｎgoneoｔherwｉｔhaｎewresｐectａndｌearｎhoｗtoｃollａborａteoutｓｉdeforｔzones.Toｏmaｎｙbiomｅdicalreseａrcｈerssｔｉlｌｔakethｅaｒｒogantviewthatｓociｏlｏｇyisa"ｓoｆｔscｉencｅ＂wiｔhliｔtlethａt＇ｓｓerioustosayaｂｏuｔhealtｈ.Anｄtoomａｎyｓｏciolｏｇisｔsｒeｊectａnybｉolｏｇiｃaｌanｇle-－fearingthaｔｔｈｅirｅxperｔisｅwillbｅsweｐｔasｉdeandthattｈiｓapproachｗｉlｌbeuｓedtobｏlｓｔｅrdiｓｃreｄｉtｅｄthｅoｒieｓofｅugenics,orｃｒudｅrace-bａsedmedicｉnｅＩt＇stimetｏdropｔheseｏuｔdatedattitｕdｅｓanｄwｏｒktogeｔｈｅrfoｒthegooｄofｓociety'smostdeprivedmeｍbeｒs.Moreｉmｐorｔant，ｉt'stimeｔouｓethisfusiｏnoｆbioｌogyandsocｉolｏｇｙｔoiｎｆｏrmｐuｂlｉcｐｏlｉｃy.Thｉｓenｄeavorｈashugeｉmplｉcaｔions,notleａsｔincuｔtiｎgｔｈｅwideheａlthgapsbetｗｅenblacksandwhites,rｉchanｄpoor7６.Ａsshownｉntｈｅ1sｔpaｒａｇraph,tｈｅshamiｎgstａtiｓｔiｃreflects－Ａ.ｉnjustiｃeeveryｗhereB．rａｃialdiｓcｒimｉnatiｏnＣ.agrｏwinglｉfesｐaｎD.heａlｔhｉnequaliｔｉｅs77．WｈiｃｈofｔhefollowｉｎgcanhaveaneｇativeｉmpactonheａlｔhaccordｉｎgtoｔheChiｃago－baｓedｐrojｅcｔ?A．Ｗheｒetolｉve.B.WhichrａcetoｂelongｔoC.Hｏwｔoadjuｓtenvironmentally.Ｄ.Ｗhatmeｄicaｌpｒobｌeｍtoｓuffｅr.78.TｈeCｈｉcago-bａsedproｊectfocｕｓesiｔｓｍａnagemenｔonA.apaｒticｕlarmｅdicａlprｏbleｍａndｉtsrｅlatedsociaｌisｓueB.raciaｌdiscriminａｔionanｄitｓblemsＣ.thesoｃiａlｌadderａnditsrelatedｍedicalconditiｏｎsD.aｓpeｃificdiｓeaseanｄｉtsｍedicａltｒeatmenｔ7８．TheＣhiｃａgo-bａｓedprojectfocusesitsmanaｇemｅntonA．aparticularmｅｄｉcaｌpｒoｂlemａnditｓrelatｅdsｏciａｌissｕeＢ．rａｃｉａldiｓcriminａtiｏnanｄitsrelatedｓocｉalprｏｂlｅｍｓC.theｓociaｌladｄｅｒaｎdｉtsｒelatedｍedｉｃａlconｄｉtｉonsD.aspｅcｉｆicdｉseａｓeandｉtsｍｅｄicaltｒeatmｅｎｔ7９.Wｈiｃhoｆtｈefollｏwiｎgｃａnmｏstprｏbablynegｌectedｂyｓoｃｉｏlogｉｓts?A.Theracialｐeｒspeｃtｉｖｅ.B.Theenvｉronｍeｎtａlａspｅct.Ｃ．Theｂiｏｌogicaldｉmｅｎsion.D.Theｐｓyｃhｏlogicalangeｌ.80.TheaｕthorisabigfanofA.thｅcombiｎatｉoｎofaｔraditionａlandnｅwwayoｆｔhinｋinｇinpｒｏｍoｔiｎｇhealｔhＢ.egratｉonofbiｏｌoｇistsandsｏciologiststｏrｅducehｅalthiｎequalitｉesC.ｔｈemutualuｎderｓtaｎｄiｎgａｎdｒｅｓｐectｂetweenrａcesD.ｐubｌｉｃeducatｉonａｎｄhea