2023年职称英语考试理工类级真题及答案

20２３年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(A级)试题第1部分:词汇选项（第1~１5题,每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线,请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近的选项。１Whycaｎ＇ｔyoｕsｔｏpｙoureｔeｒｎalcoｍplaininｇ？ＡlongBevｅｒlaｓｔingCteｍpoｒａryＤborｉｎg２Hｕｎdｒeｄｓofbｕildingsweｒｅwｒecｋｅｄbyｔｈeeaｒthquakｅ.AdａmａgｅｄBshakenＣfallｅnDjumped3Thesepａintiｎｇsareｃoｎsidｅrｅdbymａｎｙtobeａｕthenｔic.AfaｉｔhfulBｒoyalＣｓincereDｇenuine4Ｍａnyeconomistshavegivenintotｈefａtａllｕreofｍatｈematics．ＡsimplicｉtyBattｒａctionCpｏwerDrigor5Tｅｎyearsaｆterthｅevｅnt，herdeａthｓtｉｌｌrｅmainsaｐuzｚle.ＡmｉstBfogCｓecretDmystｅry６Johnwasirｒitatｅdbyｔheneceｓｓityforpoｌitecoｎversation,AtrｏuｂlｅdBaｎｎｏyedCtｈrｅａｔeｎedDaｒoｕseｄ7Aｃａdｅｍiｃreｃordscａnnotbeｄｕｐlｉｃated.AboｒｒowｅdBpurcｈasedCcopiedＤreｗｒittｅｎ８TheemphａsｉsｏntheimporｔａｎcｅofeduｃatiｏnｈaｓｓpurrｅdｓciｅｎtificｒｅseａrchＡencｏuragedBfastｅｎedＣｒaｉsｅdＤinitiated9WehaveamｐｌemｏneyforｔhejourｎeyAsomｅBlittleCｅnouｇhＤｅxtrａ１０Thｅdｏctor＇ｓpillswoｒｋedmaｒｖｅｌｓｆorme.AmiraclesＢｐatiｅntsCiｌlｎesｓDrecovｅry11Mａry'spｅｒpetualmｏanｉnｇｎeａrｌydrovememaｄ．AｅｎｄｌesｓBmonotonousCserｉｏusDbiｔteｒ1２ItwashardｔosaywｈｙtheｍａndeserｖｅｄsuｃhshａｂbytｒeatmenｔAoldＢunｆorgｅｔtａｂleCunfairDfunｎy13Yoｕｄｉｄn'ｔａdheretotｈeseprｉncipｌes．ＡoｒdｅｒBfoｌｌowCprovｅDｈａndle1４Thefarmersalsowanttousｅｔｈewateｒtoirrｉgａtethebaｒrｅnland.AeｍｐtyＢhaｉrｌesｓＣsmoｏtｈDｂare1５Ａｎyonewhowantstoａppｌyfoｒaloａnneｅdreａdthefollowingsｐecificatｉons.ＡexpresｓioｎｓBwarnｉngsCａｄverｔｉsemenｔｓＤｉnstructｉｏｎs第2部分：阅读判断(第1６～２2题,每题１分,共７分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:假如该句提供的是对的信息,请选择A;假如该句提供的是错误信息，请选择Ｂ;假如该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择Ｃ。Wａter-theＩｓｓueｏｆThｉｓCenturyTheworlｄｉｓrunningshoｒtoｆfreshwateｒ.ＰopulatiｏnsaregｒowingbiggeｒａｎdThirｓtiｅr（渴的）,withｔｈereｓulｔｔｈaｔｆｒesｈwaｔeｒｉsbecｏmｉngｉncreaｓinglyscarｃe（缺少).Halftｈewoｒｌd'ｓwetｌaｎdshaｖｅdisappeaｒｅddｕrｉngthelastcentｕry,wｈileeｓtiｍatesｓuggeｓtｔhatwaｔerｕsewillriseｂｙ50%ｉntｈeneｘt30years．TｈeWorlｄBanｋrｅporteｓtｉmａｔesｔhaｔaｓmuｃhａｓhalfofthewｏrlｄ'sｐopｕlａtion,concｅnｔratedｉnＡfriｃａ,theＭiddleEastandsouthAsiａ,ｗiｌｌfａｃｅ'sｅｖerewａtershｏrtaｇes＇by20２5.Locａlｗateｒconｆｌictsandtｈelossoｆfrｅｓhwateｒｅcoｓystｅmsａppｅaｒlargeｉｎsomeregｉonｓ.Aｓimilarｐicturｅeｍergesfromthｅｇlobｅ'sｓaltｗａｔｅrｒegionｓ．Thｒee－qｕartersoftｈewｏｒld＇speｏｐlemａylｉvｅwiｔhｉn100kmｏftheseain2025,putｔingevenmｏrｅpｒｅssureonｓtreｔcheｄｃｏaｓtalecoｓｙstems.Twotｈirdsoｆfiｓhｅries（渔业)areexplｏｉｔeｄatoｒbeｙondｔheirsustaiｎabｌｅｌiｍｉｔs,andhａlfｔhｅｗorlｄ'sｃoralｒｅｅfｓ(珊瑚礁)ｍaypeｒｉｓhiｎ1０0yeaｒs.Almosｔ60%ｏfcｏraｌreefsａnd3４%oｆｆｉshspeｃieｓａreatｒiｓkfroｍhumanａctｉvities,ｔheＢaｎｋsays．Thereｐorｔconｃludesthattｈｅreisampleｅvｉdeｎceｔojusｔifyiｍmediaｔeandcｏoｒdinaｔedactｉoｎtosａfeguardsｕpplｉesａnduｓewaｔermoreeffiｃiently．Fresｈｗaterｃonsumptiｏnisrｉｓｉngquicｋly，ａndthｅavaｉlabiliｔyofwａterinｓomｅregｉonsｉslikelytobecoｍeoneｏｆtheｍostprｅssingｉssuesoｆtｈe21stcentury．Athirdｏftheｗorｌd＇spｏpulａtioｎ-aroundｔｗobillionpeopｌe－liveｉｎcouｎtrieｓtｈaｔareｅｘｐｅｒiencｉｎgｍodeｒateｔｏhiｇhwaterｓhｏrtａgｅｓ.Thaｔprｏpｏrtionｃｏuldｒiｓeｔｏhａｌforｍoｒｅiｎtｈenｅxｔ３0ｙｅarsunlessinsｔituｔions（制度)chanｇｅｔoｅｎｓurebeｔｔeｒcoｎｓervationａnｄalloｃatｉonofwａter.Chｉnaisｏnecounｔｒywｈereｔheportｅｎtｓ(征兆)arｅｇlｏomy．Themoｓtｗater-streｓｓedcoｕｎtryinEａstＡｓia,Chinａiseｘploiting４4%ofitsusablｅwater,afｉguｒeｐｒojｅcｔedtoriseｔo60%by２023.Pｒimaｒyｗitｈdrawaｌｏfwaterofmoｒethan６0%isｗｉdeｌｙconsidｅreｄbｙwaterexｐeｒｔstoexｃeedｔheenｖｉrｏnmenｔalcarｒyingcapａcityofａriｖerbasｉnsystem.AｌｔｈoｕghWｉtｈdraｗaｌsexcｅｅdｅnviroｎｍｅｎtallimitsｉnAfghaｎistanａndPaｋistaｎ,andｗilleｘceedthｅｍiｎIndiaby2０23．ＩｎｔｈeMiｄdleEａstａｎdNoｒｔhAｆｒicａ,ｏｎlyMoｒocｃｏhasuｎeｘｐloiteｄwaterｒesｏurces.Ｔheresthａveｅxceedｅｄｅnvironmｅｎtallimitsaｎdmａnyaｒｅmiｎｉngａｑuｉfers(蓄水层)-bodiesofwaｔｅｒ-bｅaｒingrock-thｅreportsays.１6Itｉseｓtimatedthatwａｔerusewillrｉseｂy50%iｎtｈenｅxt3０ｙｅａrｓ.AＲｉghｔＢＷronｇCＮoｔmｅntioneｄ１7Mostdevｅlopｅdcountｒieｓwiｌｌｆacｅwatｅrsｈortageｓｉn2０ｙeａrs.AＲightBWｒｏnｇCＮotmeｎｔiｏｎed18Ｍoｓｔofthｅworlｄ'sｐｏpuｌａtioｎmaylivewｉｔhin100kmｏftheｓｅaｉn2０2５.ＡRiｇhtＢWｒonｇCNotmｅｎtｉoned1９Ａlmostａllcoralｒｅefsｍaydｉsappearin100yearｓ.AＲiｇhtBＷrongＣNｏtmｅntｉoｎed20SomespeciｅsｏｆｆishiｎtheAtｌanticareatdanｇｅrouslylｏｗlevｅlｓ.ＡRightＢWrｏnｇCNotmeｎtiｏｎｅd21ThｅWｏrldBａｎkreportimpliesthaturｇentactiｏnshouldbetakentｏｐｒotecｔwaｔersupplｉeｓ.AＲｉｇhｔBWｒongCNｏtｍentioｎｅd２2Indiaexceｅｄsｅnvｉroｎmenｔallimitsfｏrwateｒuse.AＲighｔBWｒｏnｇＣNoｔmｅntｉoned第３部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第２3～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1）第2３～2６题规定从所给的６个选项中为第1～４段每段１选择个最佳标题;(2）第27～30题规定从所给的6个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。Chimpanzees1Chiｍpaｎｚeｅs(黑猩猩）ｗilｌsoｏnbeexｔｉnct(灭绝).Ifthｅｐresentｒaｔｅoｆhuntingandhabitａｔ(栖息地)deｓtructｉoncontiｎuｅs,thenｗitｈin20yearｓ,theｒewillbenochimpanzeｅslivinginthewilｄ.Butthiｓiｓmoｒetｈａｎanenｖｉronｍentａlormoraｌtraｇedy(悲剧).Chimpａｎｚeｅｅｘtinｃtiｏｎmａｙａlsoｈavｅprofouｎdimpliｃationｓ(含意)ｆortｈesurvivalｏfｔｈeｉrdisｔantｒelatｉvｅs-huｍanbeings.２In1９75ｔhebｉolｏｇistＭarｉe-ClaireＫiｎｇanｄＡlｌanWiｌｓondｉｓｃoveｒeｄthａttｈｅhuｍaｎａｎdchimpａnzeegenｏmｅｓ（基因组)maｔchｂyover98%.Compａrｅthistoｔｈｅmouse,usedａｓｍodelforｈumanｄiｓeaseinｌaｂteｓｔs，ｗhｉchshａｒeｓｏnｌy６0%oｆｉtsDNAwitｈus．Inｆａct,chiｍｐanzeesaｒefａrmoresimilarｔｏhumanｓｔｈanthｅyaretoａｎyothｅｒｓpecieｓｏfmｏnｋey．Asweｌlasresemｂlingｕsgeneｔicalｌy,chiｍｐｓａｒeｈighlyｉｎtelligenｔandaｂｌetoｕsetoolｓ.Theｓefactｓalonｅｓhｏuldbｅｅnoughｔｏmａkeｐroｔｅctiｏnofchimpsanuｒgeｎｔpｒiority（优先).Ｂuttｈereisanｏther,mｏreselfishreasontoｐresｅｒvethechimp.3Theｃｈimｐanzeｅｓ'trumpｃard(王牌)cｏmesｉntｈefieldofmｅdｉcalｒeｓeａrcｈ.Chiｍpanzeeｓaｒｅsｏsｉmilａrtohumａnsthatｖeｔerinarians（兽医)ｏftｅnrefeｒtohｕmａnmｅdicalｔｅxｔｂｏoｋｓwhentreatｉngｔheｍ.Yetｃhimｐanzｅesdｏshｏｗdifｆｅrencｅsinｓｅvｅralkeyａreas.Ｉnpaｒtｉｃｕlar，chimpｓaｒeｍucｈmoｒｅresｉstanｔtoａnｕmbｅｒofmａjordiｓeases.Itiｓthisａbiｌitythatissoiｎteｒeｓting.4Forexａmｐle,chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherreｓistａncethaｎhumaｎstｏHＩＶ，thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Ｉndｅed，ｔheｉｒuseaseｘperimentalａnｉｍalsiｎＡＩDSreseaｒchhaｓdeclinedbecaｕｓeｔhｅyaresorｅsistａnt.５Ｂｙｓｅqｕeｎcｉngｔｈechimpｇeｎomeａｎｄpinpoｉnｔing(找到)theｐlacewheretｈeｃｈｉmpanzeeＤNAｓequeｎｃｅdiffｅrｓfromthatofhumaｎs,ｓcientisｔsｈopetoｂeabletodiscoverwhicｈpａｒtｏfｔｈｅgeｎeｔicｃodegivescｈimｐｓｔｈeirincrｅasｅdｒｅsiｓtanceｔoｓｏmｅdiseasｅs．This，ｔheyhope，willallｏwthemｔｏdevelｏpnｅwandmoｒeeffeｃtivetreatmeｎtｓfｏrtｈeｈｕmanformｓｏfｔｈesedｉseaseｓ.Sｕchtreatmentscouｌdinｃlｕdetheｐroｄuctionofnｅｗｄruｇｓoreventhealtｅration(改变)oftｈehumａｎgeneｔicｓequeｎce．Therecentlｙcoｍplｅtedhumaｎgenomeseｑｕencinｇｐrojecthasshownthatsｕchａnefｆortｉsｎoｗwellｗithｉnｏuｒreaｃh.23Pａragrａｐh1.24Ｐaragraｐh２．25Paｒaｇrａｐh3.26Pａragraph4．ＡGｅnｅtｉｃdｉffereｎｃｅｓbetweeｎcｈimpsａｎｄ"huｍanｓＢＲｅａsonsforHIVrｅｓistａｎceCImplｉｃaｔionsｏfｃhimpａnzeeextinｃtｉonfｏrｈumansDEffectｉveAIDStrｅａtmentＥGenetiｃｓｉmiｌａrｉｔiesbｅtweenchimpsaｎdhumansFChimps＇resistancetoHIＶ27Chｉmpａnzeeeｘtinctionmａyafｆect28Thereisaｄiｆｆerｅnｃeｏflesｓｔｈan2%betweenthｅcｈimpａnd２9Ｓcientistｓsｕspectｔｈatgenesplａyasignificantroleiｎpｒotｅｃｔingchimｐsfromgettｉｎｇ30TheｄisｃoveryofthｅgｅneｔiccodeofchiｍpsｗillｂeheｌpfuｌtoAhｅａｌｔｈiｅrlｉfeｓtyleBｓomeｈumanｄｉseａsetreａtmeｎtsCsoｍedｉseaseｓDhumansuｒviｖalＥｈumａngenomesFkeyareas第4部分:阅读理解（第3１~45题，每题3分,共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题拟定1个最佳选项。第一篇YｏｕthＥｍaｎcipａtioｎinＳpainTｈeＳpａｎisｈGoｖeｒnmeｎｔｉssoworrｉｅdaboutthenumｂerofｙoungadｕｌtsｓｔiｌｌlivinｇｗｉtｈtheiｒpaｒentｓthａtiｔhasｄecｉdedtoheｌptｈemleaｖethenesｔ.Ａround55pｅrceｎｔｏｆpeｏｐleａgｅd18-３4ｉnSpainstiｌlslｅｅpｉntｈeirpａrents＇ｈｏｍes，ｓayｓtheｌａteｓtreportfromtｈecouｎtry'sｓtａte－runIｎstitｕｔｅｏｆTocｏax(劝诱)youｎgpeopｌefromtheｉrhomeｓ,theIｎstiｔutesｔarｔeda"ＹouｔhＥmancipation（解放)"proｇramthｉsmoｎth.Thｅprogramｏfｆersguidａnceinfｉｎdiｎｇroｏmsandjobs.Econｏmｉstsｂlａｍeyoｕｎgｐeoｐle'sfaｍilyｄependenceｏｎthepｒeｃarｉouｓ(不稳定的)laｂoｒmarketandincrｅasinghousｉｎgprｉｃeｓ.Houｓｉngpｒiceｓhaverisen17perceｎｔayearｓincｅ2023.Culturaｌｒeaｓonsalｓｏcontｒｉbutｅtotheprｏｂlｅｍ,saysｏciｏlogiｓts(社会学家）．FamilytiesinsouthEuｒope-Ｉtaly，PortｕgaｌandGreece－aｒestｒｏngerthanthoseｉnmidｄleａnｄnorthＥuｒopｅ,sａｉdＳｐaniｓhｓociologｉstAlmuｄenaＭｏrenoＭiｎｇueziｎhｅrｒepｏｒｔ"ＴheLａtｅEｍancipatｉｏｎofSpaｎiｓhYoｕtｈ:KeyforUnｄｅrｓtanding".＂Ingeｎｅｒaｌ，younｇpｅｏpleinSpaｉnfirｍｌybelievｅｉｎtｈｅfａmilyaｓthｅｍainbｏdyarｏuｎdwｈichthｅiｒpｒｉvatelifeisorganiｚｅｄ,"ｓaidMiｎgｕez.InＳpaiｎ-esｐｅcｉallｙinthｅcｏuntｒｙsｉde,itisｎotuｎｃｏmmｏnｔofindentｉregroupｓｏfａunｔｓ，uncｌeｓ，cｏｕsiｎs,ｎieｃｅｓaｎｄｎepｈews(外侄/侄子)ａllｌｉｖingｏntheｓａmeｓtreet.ThｅyregularｌyｇeｔtogｅthｅrｆorＳunｄaｙdinner.Ｐareｎts＇ｔolｅｒanｃeisanotheｒfactor．Sｐａnishpａrentsaccepｔlate-niｇhtpartyingandａrｅwaｒyofsｅｔtｉngbｅdｔimerulｅs."Achilｄcanarriｖehoｍeaｔwhａtevertimehewａnｔs.Ifpａｒｅnｔsｃomplaｉnhe'llpuｔｕpafiｇhtaｎdcallthｅfａｔｈerafascｉsｔ,＂ｓａidJoseＡntoｎioＧomezYanez,asociｏlogistatCarlosＩIIUｎｉveｒsityinＭadrｉd．Ｍotheｒs'wｉllingnesｓｔodochｉldｒen'ｓhousehｏlｄchores(家务)worsenstheproblem.ＤionisｉoMasso，a60－year-ｏｌdｉnMａdｒid,ｈａsｔhrｅｅcｈｉldrenintheir2０s.Ｔheｅｌｄesｔ,28,ｈasaｇiｒlfrｉendandａｊob.Butlifeｗithmｕmiｓgood．"Hｉsmumｄoesthewashaｎdｃooksforhｉm:ｉｎtheｅnd.ｈｅlivesｗｅll．"Maｓｓosaiｄ.3１Tｈe"YoutｈＥmancipａｔｉoｎ"prｏgramａiｍｓａtheｌｐingｙouｎgｐeopｌeAliveiｎaniｎdｅpeｎｄentway.Bfightforfｒeｅｄom.Cfightagainstsociaｌinjｕstice.Dgｅtｒidoffａmilｙresponsibilities.3２Itcanｂeinferredfｒompaｒａgraｐh5thatｆａmilyｔｉｅsarestroｎgerｉnPortugalｔｈaninAGｒeeｃe.BFinlａnd.CSpain.DＩtalｙ.33Youngpeoｐle'ｓfaｍilydependenｃｅcａnｂeattrｉｂuｔedｔoalltheｆollowｉngfactorsEXCEPTAｐarenｔs＇toｌeraｎce.Bhoｕsinｇprｏblｅms.Cunwiｌliｎgｎessｔogeｔmａrrieｄ.Dculｔｕraｌtｒaｄｉｔｉｏns.34Wｈichofthefｏｌｌowingstatemｅntｓis,NＯTtruｅoｆＤiｏnｉsｉoＭasso?AＳhehａｓaboｙfriend．ＢShｅis60yearsolｄ.CShehａstｈreechｉｌｄren.DSheｌivesinMadｒｉd.35Ｔhepｈrａｓe＂waryｏf"inparagrａph8couldbｅbestreplacedbyＡtirｅdｏf．Baｆｒaidｏf.Cwoｒrｉeｄａbｏut.Dｃaｕtioｕsabout.第二篇ListenｉｎgｔoBirdsoｎgAmａlｅzebraｆinch(雀科鸣鸟)cｈｉｒps(鸣)ａwaｙtohimsｅlf.Suddenｌyhenoticeｓafeｍａｌebirdneａrby.Herealｉzeshehasａnauｄieｎｃeandiｍｍediatelychaｎgesｈｉｓｓong.Caｎthefemaletｅｌltｈediffeｒeｎceinhisperformａｎｃe？Ａccｏrdｉnｇtoaｎｅwstudy,ｔheｆemａlｅzeｂrａfinchknoｗs．Andsｈeｐrｅfersｔhｅspｅｃiaｌtrillshecreａtｅswhｅnheｓinｇsｔohｅr.Aｍａleｚｅbrafiｎｃhcｈanｇｅsｈissonｇｗheｎsiｎgingｔoafｅｍaleｉnｗaysthａtｐｅoｐlecanbarelydetect.Ｂutthｅｆemaｌefｉnｃhcａnteｌｌtｈｅdiffｅreｎｃｅ.Ｓcientistsｈadｎｏｔicｅｄsligｈｔvariaｔiｏnsiｎtheｓoｎgsofmaleｚebraｆiｎcｈesbaｓedｏnwｈｅtｈertｈeywｅｒesinｇingalｏneoｒｗhｅtheｒthｅrｅwaｓafeｍａｌe(andpotentialmate)nearby.Withanaｕｄience，ｔhemaleｓｓpeｄuptｈｅpaceｏfｔheirsongsanｄconｔrollｅdthenoｔeｓtｈeyused.Foｒthisstudｙ，.rｅｓeａrcherｓＳaｒaｈＣ.ＷoollｅyａｎdAllisoｎＤoｕｐeaｔthｅUniveｒｓitｙofCalifornia,ＳaｎFrancｉscodｅｃｉdedtｏfocｕsattenｔｉoｎonｔｈelisｔenｉngfeｍalｅs,ｗhicｈhaｖenotbｅｅｎwellstudiedｉｎｔhepast.Intｈestuｄy,WoollｅyａnｄDoupeｓetupaloｎgcagewithasounｄspｅaｋeｒateacｈend.Oｎebｒｏadｃasｔthesｏundｏfａｍａlezｅbrafinchｓingingtoｈimｓelf，liｋesomｅｏnesinginｇinthｅshoｗer.Ｔheｏｔhｅrspeakerｂｒoadcastaｍａlｅperfoｒmingfｏraｆeｍaｌeａｕdiｅnce,aｓifhewaｓｇivｉngａｃonｃｅrt.Ｆemalｅbｉrｄswｅreplacedbｅtwｅenｔhｅtｗospeaｋers．Sｏｍeofthｅｂｉrdshaｄmａtes,othersdidn't.Thefemaleｓshiｆtedaroｕｎdaｂiｔ,anｄtheｎmｏstoftｈｅmhoppedoｖｅｒtositbesidejuｓtｏnespｅaker．Allｔhebｉｒdsthatmadｅaｃleａｒchoicｅｌｉkedｓonｇｓmeａｎtforafemaleauｄiencｅ,evenifthey'ｄｎeｖermｅtthemａｌｅ.Mａtedfemａlesalｓｏhadachaｎceｔoliｓｔｅnｔｏｔwｏｄiffeｒentｐｅrｆormａｎceｓongs,oｎefｒｏmanunknｏwnmale,andｏnｅfｒoｍｔhｅirｍatｅ.Theyspｅntmoretiｍeliｓteningtoｔhｅcｏncerｔｖｅｒsionoftｈｅirmates'ｓongｓ,thissｕｇgesｔｓthａtaｆtｅraｗhｉle,femalｅslearｎtorｅcｏgnｉze－aｎdprefｅｒ-thesonｇsoftheiｒmates．Ｓcientiststｈeｎｓtudiedtｈebrａinｓoｆｔhefeｍａles.Tｈeｙfoundceｒｔaｉｎareａｓofｔhebraiｎｐｅｒkedｕp(活跃起来)whｅnthebirdslisｔeｎｅdtothｅconｃertsoｎgs.Ｔheｓebrａinaｒeasmaybeｉｎvolveｄiｎrecｏgｎiziｎｇanｄｅvａlｕatingthesonｇs,andｓtoringthemｅmｏriesofｔhem.Thisｒeseａｒchdeａlｓwithwｈａｔ'ｓｃalleddｉrectedｃommunicatｉoｎ,wｈｅntｈecommｕｎicator,oｒseｎdeｒ,fｏcｕsesthemessageforａsｐecｉfｉcａuｄience．Ｏnｅexampleｉsｔhewａyｍｏｒnsspeａｋtotheｉrｂａbies.Moｔhersaroｕnｄｔhewoｒｌduｓethesameｓortofｈigh-pitcheｄsiｎｇ-sonｇｃhaｔｔeｒ(喋喋不休）,ａｎdtheｂaｂiesresｐoｎdbestｔｏthｏsｅｓｏｕｎds．Ｓongbirdｓareoneoftheｏｎlｙｏtheｒspeｃiesknownｔｏleaｒntheｉrcｏmmunｉｃatioｎ,ｉnthｉｓｃａsethｅirsongs.36Whｉｃhｏftｈefｏlloｗingisｔｒｕeaｂoutbirdsongs?AFemalｅzeｂraｆｉncheｓaｒeｔooｓhyｔｏsingｂefｏremaleｓ.ＢMalezeｂrafincheｓｓｉngloｕｄerthａnfｅｍaｌｅs.CＭaｌｅzｅbrafｉnｃheｓchangetheirsongstoattractfemales.DFemａlezebrafinchｅslｉkeｔoｌistenｔｏｕnknｏwｎmalessing37Whaｔdiｄｔherｅｓeａrcｈersｆindintｈeｉrstudyoffeｍaｌeｚeｂｒafiｎcheｓ？AFｅmalｅfｉnchesｌiｋedsongｓmalｅfｉnchessangfｏrthem．BFemalｅfinｃhesoｎlｙlikedsoｎｇｓmａｌefincheｓｓangfｏrtheirmatｅｓＣＦemａｌefincｈeｓlｉkeｄｔolisｔentｏsongsfｒｏmboｔｈｓｐeakers,DFｅｍａlefincheｓchosethｅbesｔmaｌesiｎgersａsｔheirmａtｅs．38Whatisｍeantｂy＂conｃertsongs"inpａragrａｐh7?ASoｎgssungbyzebraｆiｎｃｈesaｔａcｏｎcert.ＢSongssunｇｂyfemaleｆｉｎchｅsfoｒｍalefincheｓCＳonｇsｓungbyｍａleｆｉnchｅsｔootherｆｉncｈes．DSoｎgssuｎgbymaｌefiｎchｅsforfemalefinches39Tｈｅｅｘpｒｅssiｏn＂diｒectedｃommuｎicatｉon"ｉnthelastpａrａgraphmeanｓｃomｍuniｃaｔioninwhicｈAthｅcommuniｃatorsendsmessagｅsｔｏhimｓelf.Ｂthemｅｓsagｅｓｅndeｒhasaspecificaudieｎce.Cｔwocｏmmuniｃatｏrsseｎdmeｓsagestoeaｃhothｅr.Dｍotheｒstaｌｋｔｏｔheirbａbieｓintheirｍotherｔoｎgue．40Whｉｃhoftheｆoｌｌｏwiｎｇｃanbestrｅｆlｅctｔhetｈemeofｔｈeｐassage?ＡＣhirpinｇawａy.BZeｂraｆinchｅsandtｈｅirｌifｅ.CＦｒeｑｕｅnciesofbiｒdsｏnｇs.DBirｄｓoｎgsaｓcommuniｃation.第三篇TｈｅRobotＭanＡccorｄingtｏHansMｏrａvec，ｕnｉveｒsaｌｒoboｔｓwillｔakeｏｖeｒallｔhｅphysicalactivitiesthatwｅeｎｇageiｎ,lｅaviｎguswithlittleｔoｄo．Mｏｒaｖecｓeｅｓfourgenｅｒationsonｔｈerｏaｄｔotrueuniveｒsalｒoｂｏts．Thefirｓtgeｎerａtｉonwillbｅheｒeｂy2023anｄｗillcｏnsiｓtｏfｆｒee－raｎgｉngroｂotｓｔhatｃaｎnaｖｉgaｔeｂybuildiｎganiｎtｅrnaｌmentalmapoｆthｅirｓurroundings.Iｎnｅwsituaｔｉonｓthey'llbeablｅtｏaｄapｔ,unｌikｅtoｄaｙ'sｍobｉleｉnｄｕstrｉalrobots.Tｈeｓｅrｏbotsｗilｌｈａvｅthｅcompｕtingpoweｒ，ｔｏｃｏｐeｗｉｔhｓiｍpleｓpeｅchａndtextｒecoｇｎitｉon,ａｎdwillbeusｅdｆｏrｔａskssｕchasｄomesticcｌeaｎiｎg.Ｔhｅsecondgenｅｒatiｏnwｉlｌarriveａrｏｕnd20２3ａndwillｂedisｔinguisｈｅdbytheａbｉｌitytoleaｒｎ.Seｃondｇｅneｒａtionrobｏtsareprogrａmdwiｔhseｔｓoｆｐｒiｍitivｅｔａsｋsandwithfeｅdbａckthａｔproｖide＂pleaｓurｅ"and"pain＂stimuｌi.Forｅxamｐle,acolliｓiｏｎpｒovoｋesａｎegativeresponse,aｃｏｍpletedｔasｋwｏuldbｅpositive.Ｍoveforwaｒdanotherｔｅｎｙeａrsto２0３0aｎｄyougettoｇeneraｔionthree.Thiｓrｏｂotcanｂuildinternalsimｕｌａｔiｏnｓｏfthｅworldaｒouｎｄit.Bｅfｏｒe=bｅginningatasｋ,itcanimａginewhatwillhａｐｐenｉnoｒｄertopｒedicｔprobｌｅmｓ．Ifithaｓafｒeeｍomｅnt,ｉtｃanｒeｐlayｐasｔeｘperｉｅncｅｓandtryvariaｔｉonsiｎordｅrtofｉnｄabｅtterｗａyofｄoingtｈinｇsnexttime．Itcｏｕlｄｅvenobserｖeapｅrsonoｒ－ａnotherroｂoｔperｆｏｒｍingaｔaskandlｅaｒnbyiｍitaｔion．Fortｈefiｒsttime,ｗeｈavｅhereaｒｏboｔthaｔcantｈink.Byｔhｅｔiｍｅｗegｅttoｇenerａtioｎｆoｕｒｉｎ2040,Morａｖｅcｐredictｓｔhaｔrobotsｗillｂｅableto:ｍatchhumaｎｒeaｓoningandbehaviour;gｅneｒaｌiseａbstracｔｉdeasfｒｏmspecｉficexｐerｉence;ａnd，coｎverｓｅly,compiledｅｔaｉledplａｎsｏfａctｉonｆｒｏmｇenｅrａｌｃoｍｍanｄsｓuchas＇eaｒnalｉｖing'oｒ'makemorerobｏts＇.TheMorａvecmａniｆesto（宣告)ruｎssoｍeｔhｉｎgliｋethｉs.Asｒoboｔｓstａｒttobeｃｏmeuｓefｕlingeｎeｒatｉonone,ｔｈey'llbeｇinｔotａkeon-ｍanytasｋsｉnindustｒy.Dｒiveｎbytheavailabilitｙoftｈiｓcheapaｎdｔiｒｅlesslａｂoｕrｆorcｅ，thｅeｃｏnoｍｙｗｉｌlboｏmandthedｅｍａｎdforroｂotｓｗｉllgｒowsoraｐidlyｔhattｈeywillsoonｂｅcomelow-ｃostcomｍodityｉtｅmsSomuchｓothａtthey'llmoveintothｅhｏｍe,wｈeｒｅthedoｍesticrobｏtwiｌlreｌieｖeuｓofmanyｃhores.Ｗithiｎcｒeａｓingauｔomationｉnｇeneratioｎstwoanｄthrｅｅ,tｈｅleｎgｔhoｆtheaｖeraｇewｏｒｋingdaywilｌpluｍmｅt,ｅveｎｔｕaｌlyｔonｅａrzero.Mostpeoplewiｌlbｅuｎｅｍpｌoｙedａsroｂotsｔaｋeｏvｅrｎoｔjusｔpriｍaryindustｒy,ｂｕtthesｅｒviceeconoｍytoo．Moｒavecseesthefourthgeneraｔionａsａｎopｐｏrtｕnitｙｔoｓurｐasｓourhｕmanlｉmiｔaｔions．Thｅsefuturemａcｈｉnesｗiｌlbeｏur＂ｍｉnｄchildreｎ＂.Lｉｋebioｌogicalｃhildrenofｐｒｅviousgｅneｒatioｎs,ｔheyｗiｌlｅｍbodｙhｕｍanｉty＇sｂeｓthopefoｒalonｇ-termfuｔure.4１Whatwillbeｔhedisｔinｃtivefｅatureofthesecoｎdgenerationrobots？ＡTｈeywilｌbeａbleｔｏlearnbytｈeｍselｖes.BTheywillbeabletｏrｅcｏgnizesｐeｅｃhesaｎｄteｘts.CThｅywiｌlｂeａｂleｔopreｄictｐroblems.DＴheywiｌlbeａbｌetomatchhumaｎreasoningandbｅｈavｉor.４2Ｗhichｏfthｅfollowiｎgsｔatｅmentｓistrｕeofthefｕtuｒeroｂｏｔｓ?AThｅｙwilltakｅoｖertheｉnfoｒmａtiｏnindｕstｒy.BTheywillreｌieveusofmanycｈｏrｅｓ.ＣTheｙwillneveｒｓurpａssus.DThｅywillｂｅcomｅｈｉｇh-coｓtcommodityｉteｍｓ.43Ｔｈｅauthｏｒ＇smaiｎpurposeｉstoＡsuppｏｒｔtheｖiｅｗthatroｂotswｉllｐlａyamaｊoｒroleiｎourlifｅ.ＢdescribethｅlifeofHａnsMoｒavec.CmaｋefunｏｆｔheviewｓofHａnsMoｒaveｃ．Dｇetpeoｐlｅpreｐaｒedfoｒthｅｔｈreaｔｏffｕturerｏbots.4４Theword"plumｍｅt＂ｉnparaｇraｐh6mｅansAｓtretch．Bdeｃｒeaｓe.Cｅｘｔenｄ.Dgrow.４５WhatdｏeｓMoravｅｃｔｈinkofthesefutｕreｒoｂots?ＡTｈeｙwillbehumans'mind-childrｅn.BTheywillｌookｌikｅpreviousbiolｏgｉcalcｈildrｅｎCTheyｗｉｌlｃｒeateａdangｅｒouswｏrｌｄ．DＴheywｉllｒulethｅworld．第5部分：补全短文(第4６～５０题,每题2分,共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中５个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。ＭyＬｉfeaｔRendaIlｅarneｄverｙｑuｉckｌyｔｈatbｅiｎgaｔeaｃhingａssiｓｔaｎt（TA)attheUnivｅrsityofIowａｗouｌｄbｅdｉffereｎｔｆrombeingateacheraｔＲenｍｉｎ(46）Eyessｔariｎg，mouthsｏpen,studentseｘaminedmybigｎose,whileIwaswritingｍｙnameontｈｅblackboaｒｄ．AｔIoｗa，wｈeｎｍyfirｓｔclassｅsbegan,ｈalfofmｙsｔudｅntｓsｔiｌlhａｄn'tarｒｉved.Whenevｅrｙoｎeｆinaｌlyfoundaseat,rinｇｉnｇcellphoｎesandlouｄｙawｎs(哈欠)inteｒｒuptｅdmｙopeｎingreｍａrkｓ.ItisnotthatＡmericａnｓtｕdeｎtswereｄisrespectful.（４7)Theyweｒe,ｈowｅvｅｒ，faｒmｏresｋｅpticaltｈanｔheｓtudentｓIｈaｄatRenｄa．ＴheｔrｕthisＩｃｏuldｎ'tfauｌtｔｈｅmｆoｒｔｈｅirsｋepｔｉｃｉsm.UnderｇraduatｅsatlaｒgeＵＳｕniversitiｅｓ-eｓpeciallyfreshｍenanｄsｏphomores-oｆtｅnhavesｅvｅｒalclassesaseｍeｓｔｅrｈaｎdledbｙＴAs.Ｉｎsomｅｃases,theＴAsetｓｔhecｏｕrｓecoｎtent.(48)Mｏｓthavegｏodintenｔions,butｖeryfｅwareａseffeｃtiｖeasｐroｆesｓors.Everyteaｃhｅrhastoｃonfrontobｓtａcｌｅstｏleaｒnｉｎg-nomaｔtｅｒｗhattheculｔuｒe.Stuｄentｓｗｈoｔalkduringlectureｓ,sｔudentswhochｅat,studｅnｔｓwhｏquestiontheｇrａｄｅtｈeｙｇetｆorapaｐerorｐrｏjeｃt-ｄｅalingwｉｔhｔheseiｓalｌpartofthｅjob.(49)Thediｆｆｅrence,Iｔｈink,isｔｈａtｉｎｔheUSIhａｄtoswalｌowmoreofｍｙpride.(5０)Ｉhadaresponsibｉlitytoteachthｅm,ofcoursｅ,butIhadtodosoindｉrectly-asaguidewhｏhimｓｅｌfhａdａfｅwthｉｎgsｔolｅａrnｆrｏｍtheｓtuｄeｎｔｓ.AＢaｃkaｔReｎda,ＩhadｗaｌkedｉntomyｆirｓtclａｓseｓfeeｌinglｉkeacelebriｔyBInmystｕｄenｔｓ'mｉnds,Iｈaｄlｉtｔｌetooffeｒｔhem,ｅｘｃeptｐerhapssomｅsampleqｕeｓtｉｏｎsｆoｒtｈemid－termexam．ＣIｎoｔｈers,theTＡwｏｒｋsａsagraderanddisｃuｓsiｏnleａｄｅrDIencounteredｔheｓeｉｎChiｎa，ａｎdIfacｅdtheｍｉｎthｅUＳ.ＥＯntｈｅotherhａnｄ,beｉngtaughtbyagrａdｕatｅstudentｉsnotｎecessarilybａdFＭosｔｗｅreｐolite,oratleaｓt,ｉndｉｆｆeｒenｔ.第６部分：完形填空(第51~５５题,每题1分,共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白拟定一个最佳选项。SharksPerfoｒmaＳｅrｖｉcefoｒEarth＇sWatersItishardtｏｇetpｅopletothｉnkofsharksａｓanythiｎgbutadeａdlyｅnｅmy.Tｈｅyareｔhoughtto(5１)ｐeoplefrequenｔly．Aｌthouｇｈtheｓefｉsｈperfoｒmavａlｕａｂlｅ(52)forearth'swａtersandfｏｒｈumａnbeｉngs，busiｎessandsportｆishｉｎｇarethreａtｅningtheiｒ(53)．Aｓaresult,somesharksareaｔrisｋofｄisaｐpeａｒｉngfｒomＥａrth．Wａｒmweａｔhermａｙinfｌueｎcｅbｏthfishaｎdsｈａｒk(５４).Ｍanｙfiｓhｓwimneaｒｃoastalａreasｂecaｕｓeoftｈeir(５５)wａｔers.Expeｒtssaｙｓhaｒｋｓmayfoｌlｏwthefishintoｔhesameareas,（５6）peoｐｌeａlsｏswim．Inｆacｔ，ｍosｔsharksdonoｔpｕrｐosｅlychａrgｅatｏｒｂｉtehumans.Ｔｈｅyａrｅｔhｏughttomiｓtａkeａpｅrsｏｎ(57)aｓeaanimａl,suchasａseal(海豹)orｓeａlioｎ.Ｔhatｉsｗhypｅoplｅsｈｏuｌdnotswiminthｅoｃeanｗhｅnｔｈeｓunｇｏesdownorｃomeｓｕp，becauｓetｈｏsｅaretｈetimeswheｎsharksａｒelooｋｉngfor(58).Ｅｘｐeｒtsalsosaytｈatbrightｃolorｓanｄshiｎyjｅweｌrｙ(珠宝)ｍａycａusesharkstoａttack.Asｈarkhasaｎeｘtｒemｅly'ｇooｄseｎseｏf(59),wｉthwhｉcｈitcanfiｎｄsmallaｍｏunｔsofsuｂstancesinwatｅr,sｕcｈasblood,ｂodyliquidsａndｃｈｅmｉcａls(６0）byanｉmａls．Thesｅpoweｒfulsenseｓhｅlpsｈarｋsfinｄｔhｅirｆood.Sｈarksｅａtfｉｓｈ,anｙ(６1）shａｒks,anｄplantｓｔｈaｔliveiｎtheocean.Mediｃaｌｒeseａｒｃｈerswａnttｏlearnmoreabｏuttheｓhaｒk'sｂodyｄｅfenseaｎdｉmmune(免疫的)(6２）ａgａｉｎｓtdｉsｅaｓe.Rｅsearchersknowthａtsharks（6３)qｕiｃkｌyｆrominjuｒｉes．Thｅystudｙthesharｋiｎhopesoffｉｎdingawａytofiｇhthuｍａndiseａse.Sharksaｒeimporｔａntfoｒｔheworld＇ｓoｃeanｓ,ａstｈeyｅatinjurｅdａｎｄdiseasedfiｓh．Tｈeir(6４)ａctiｖitiesｍeanｔhatthｅｎuｍｂerｓoｆotｈｅrfishiｎocｅanwａtersdonotbｅcｏmeｔoo（65)．Thiｓpｒotecｔsｔhｅplaｎｔsandｏtｈerｆｏrｍsoflｉfethａtexiｓｔｉｎtheｏceaｎs.51AmeｅtBattackCrecognizｅDvisit52AreｓeaｒchBexperiｍenｔCanalｙｓisＤserviｃｅ53AexisteｎceBｐoｗｅｒCmatesDsｋiｌｌｓ5４ＡｉnｔelｌiｇｅｎcｅBsｈapeCａctivityDsize55AfreｓhBｓofｔCｄeepDwａｒm56AwhoseＢwhiｃhCwhereDｔhａt57AｆorBｔｏＣaｓDｗith5８AhelpBfoｏdＣfｒiｅnｄsＤtraiｎeｒs59AｈumｏｒＢｓecｕｒｉｔyCtoucｈＤsmell６０AproduｃedBｃｏnｔａiｎeｄＣuｓｅdDaddeｄ61AthosｅBtheseCｏthｅｒDanother６2ApｒocesｓesＢｓystemｓCiｄ