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(一)课内重点字词

七年级上册

8.《世说新语》二则

1.重点词语解释

(1)谢太傅寒雪日内集_________________________________________________________

(2)与儿女讲论文义___________________________________________________________

(3)俄而雪骤__________________________________________________________________

(4)公欣然曰__________________________________________________________________

(5)撒盐空中差可拟___________________________________________________________

(6)未若柳絮因风起___________________________________________________________

(7)太丘舍去___________________________________________________________________

(8)去后乃至__________________________________________________________________

(9)尊君在不__________________________________________________________________

(10)待君久不至________________________________________________________________

(11)非人哉____________________________________________________________________

(12)君与家君期日中___________________________________________________________

(13)下车引之_________________________________________________________________

(14)元方入门不顾_____________________________________________________________

2.通假字

尊君在不,同

3.古今异义

(1)太丘舍去古义:__________:今义:从甲地到乙地

(2)与人期行古义:__________:今义:日期

(3)相委而去古义:__________;今义:委派、委员等

(4)撒盐空中差可拟古义:__________;今义:设计,打算

(5)与儿女讲论文义古义:;今义:儿子与女儿们

4.一词多义

5.词类活用

(1)陈太丘与友期行名词作动词,

(2)友人惭形容词意动用法,

11.《论语》十二章

1.重点词语解释

(1)人不知而不愠_______________________________________________________________

(2)不亦君子乎_________________________________________________________________

(3)为人谋而不忠乎____________________________________________________________

(4)与朋友交而不信乎__________________________________________________________

(5)传不习乎___________________________________________________________________

(6)三十而立___________________________________________________________________

(7)四十而不惑_________________________________________________________________

(8)五十而知天命_______________________________________________________________

(9)六十而耳顺_________________________________________________________________

(10)不逾矩___________________________________________________________________

(11)温故而知新_______________________________________________________________

(12)学而不思则罔______________________________________________________________

(13)思而不学则殆_____________________________________________________________

(14)人不堪其忧________________________________________________________________

(15)知之者不如好之者_________________________________________________________

(16)饭疏食,饮水____________________________________________________________

(17)于我如浮云_______________________________________________________________

(18)三人行,必有我师焉_______________________________________________________

(19)择其善者而从之___________________________________________________________

(20)子在川上日_______________________________________________________________

(21)逝者如斯夫________________________________________________________________

(22)三军可夺帅也_____________________________________________________________

(23)匹夫不可夺志也_________________________________________________________

(24)博学而笃志________________________________________________________________

(25)仁在其中矣_______________________________________________________________

2.通假字

(1)不亦说乎,同,

(2)吾十有五而志于学,同,用于整数和零数之间

3.古今异义

(1)学而时习之

①时古义:;今义:时间

②习古义:;今义:学习

(2)有朋自远方来

古义:;今义:朋友

(3)吾日三省吾身

①日古义::今义:太阳

②三古义:;今义:数词,三

(4)择其善者而从之古义:5今义:善良的人

(5)可以为师矣古义:;今义:表示可能,能够

(6)饭疏食,饮水

①疏古义:;今义:疏通、疏散

②水古义:;今义:无色、无味的液体,包括冷、热水

4.一词多义

⑴为

(2)而

⑶知

⑷乐

⑸志

⑹其

5.词类活用

(1)学而时习之名词作状语,

(2)吾日三省吾身名词作状语,

(3)传不习乎动词作名词,

(4)好之者不如乐之者好,形容词作动词,

乐,形容词意动用法,

(5)温故而知新故,形容词作名词,

新,形容词作名词,

(6)饭疏食,饮水名词作动词,

15.诫子书

1.重点词语解释

(1)静以修身,俭以养德________________________________________________________

(2)非宁静无以致远____________________________________________________________

(3)淫慢则不能励精____________________________________________________________

(4)险躁则不能治性____________________________________________________________

(5)年与时驰___________________________________________________________________

(6)遂成枯落___________________________________________________________________

2.古今异义

(1)非宁静无以致远古义::今义:环境上的安静,不嘈杂

(2)险躁则不能治性古义:;今义:危险

(3)淫慢则不能励精古义:;今义:与“快”相对

(4)意与日去古义:;今义:离开所在地方到别处

3.一词多义

4.词类活用

(1)非淡泊无以明志形容词作动词,

(2)非宁静无以致远形容词作名词,

(3)非学无以广才形容词作动词,

18.狼

1.重点词语解释

(1)缀行甚远___________________________________________________________________

(2)一狼仍从___________________________________________________________________

(3)而两狼之并驱如故__________________________________________________________

(4)顾野有麦场_________________________________________________________________

(5)场主积薪其中_______________________________________________________________

(6)弛担持刀__________________________________________________________________

(7)眈眈相向__________________________________________________________________

(8)少时,一狼径去____________________________________________________________

(9)久之,目似瞑_______________________________________________________________

(10)意暇甚____________________________________________________________________

(11)屠暴起____________________________________________________________________

(12)乃悟前狼假寐_____________________________________________________________

(13)盖以诱敌__________________________________________________________________

(14)狼亦黠矣,而顷刻两毙

(15)禽兽之变诈几何哉_________________________________________________________

2.古今异义

(1)屠自后断其股古义:;今义:屁股

(2)止增笑耳古义:;今义:耳朵

(3)禽兽之变诈几何哉古义:;今义:一门学科,指几何学

3.一词多义

⑴之

⑵其

⑶敌

(4)止

⑸意

(6)前

⑺以

4.词类活用

(1)其一犬坐于前名词作状语,

(2)一狼洞其中名词作动词,

(3)意将隧入以攻其后也名词作状语,

(4)恐前后受其敌名词作动词,

(5)狼不敢前名词作动词,

22.寓言四则

1.重点词语解释

(1)家无井而出溉汲____________________________________________________________

(2)及其家穿井_______________________________________________________________

(3)国人道之__________________________________________________________________

(4)丁氏对日-----------------------------------------------------------------

(5)终日在天中行止_____________________________________________________________

(6)奈何忧崩坠乎______________________________________________________________

(7)只使坠_____________________________________________________________________

(8)若躇步跳蹈_________________________________________________________________

2.通假字

其人舍然大喜,同,

3.古今异义

(1)国人道之古义:__________:今义:一个国家的人民

(2)身亡所寄古义:______—;今义:死亡、灭亡

(3)因往晓之古义:______—;今义:知道

(4)若屈伸呼吸古义:一______;今义:如果

4.一词多义

⑴闻

(2)若

⑶之

(4)于

七年级下册

4.孙权劝学

1.重点词语解释

(1)权谓吕蒙曰________________________________________________________________

(2)卿今当涂掌事_______________________________________________________________

(3)蒙辞以军中多务____________________________________________________________

(4)但当涉猎__________________________________________________________________

(5)见往事耳___________________________________________________________________

(6)孰若孤____________________________________________________________________

(7)蒙乃始就学_________________________________________________________________

(8)及鲁肃过寻阳_______________________________________________________________

(9)卿今者才略,非复吴下阿蒙

2.通假字

孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪,同,

3.古今异义

(1)蒙辞以军中多务古义:____________■;今义:告别,解雇

(2)孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪

①孤古义:;今义:孤单,孤独

②治古义::今义:治理

③博士古义:;今义:比硕士高一级的学位

(3)见往事耳古义:;今义:过去的事

(4)但当涉猎古义:;今义:转折连词,但是

⑸蒙乃始就学古义::今义:表示将在很短的时间内发生

(6)及鲁肃过寻阳古义:;今义:以及

(7)即更刮目相待古义:;今义:更加

(8)大兄何见事之晚乎古义:;今义:看见

4.一词多义

⑴当

⑵以

⑶见

(4)大

8.木兰诗

1.重点词语解释

(1)愿为市鞍马___________________________________________________

(2)万里赴戎机__________________________________________________-

(3)关山度若飞________________________________________________________________

(4)朔气传金柝_________________________________________________________________

(5)赏赐百千强_________________________________________________________________

(6)著我旧时裳_________________________________________________________________

(7)雄兔脚扑朔_________________________________________________________________

(8)双兔傍地走_________________________________________________________________

(9)安能辨我是雄雌_____________________________________________________________

2.通假字

对镜帖花黄,同

3.古今异义

(1)卷卷有爷名古义:;今义:指爷爷

(2)但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅古义:;今义:转折连词

(3)出郭相扶将古义:;今义:用作姓氏

(4)双兔傍地走古义:;今义:行走

4.一词多义

⑴市

(2)帖

5.词类活用

策勋十二转名词作动词,

12.卖油翁

1.重点词语解释

(1)陈康肃公善射______________________________________________________________

(2)公亦以此自矜_______________________________________________________________

(3)尝射于家圃_________________________________________________________________

(4)有卖油翁释担而立__________________________________________________________

(5)睨之久而不去_______________________________________________________________

(6)但微颔之________________________________________________________________

(7)康肃忿然曰________________________________________________________________

(8)以我酌油知之-------------------------------------------------------------

(9)乃取一■葫芦置于地________________________________________________________

(10)徐以杓酌油沥之---------------------------------------------------------

(11)康肃笑而遣之-

2.通假字

(1)但手熟尔,同,

(2)徐以杓酌油沥之,同

3.古今异义

(1)尔安敢轻吾射古义:;今义:平安,安全

(2)但手熟尔古义:;今义:表转折

(3)睨之久而不去古义::今义:至“,往

4.一词多义

⑴尔

⑵以

⑶之

(4)而

(5)其

⑹射

5.词类活用

(1)但微颔之名词作动词,

(2)尔安敢轻吾射形容词作动词,

(3)尔安敢轻吾射动词作名词,

16.短文两篇

1.重点词语解释

(1)有龙则灵________________________________________________________________

(2)斯是陋室________________________________________________________________

(3)惟吾德馨_________________________________________________________________

(4)往来无白丁_________________________________________________________________

(5)无丝竹之乱耳_______________________________________________________________

(6)无案牍之劳形_______________________________________________________________

(7)可爱者甚蕃________________________________________________________________

(8)予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染___________________________________________________

(9)濯清涟而不妖_____________________________________________________________

(10)亭亭净植_________________________________________________________________

(11)可远观而不可亵玩焉_______________________________________________________

(12)宜乎众矣__________________________________________________________________

2.古今异义

(1)谈笑有鸿儒古义:;今义:鸿雁,书信

(2)亭亭净植古义::今义:种植

(3)陶后鲜有闻古义:;今义:新鲜

3.一词多义

4.词类活用

(1)有仙则名名词作动词,

(2)无案牍之劳形形容词使动用法,

(3)不蔓不枝名词作动词,

(4)香远益清形容词作动词,

24.河中石兽

1.重点词语解释

⑴沧州南一寺临河干_________________________________________________________

(2)竟不可得___________________________________________________________________

(3)尔辈不能究物理_____________________________________________________________

(4)岂能为暴涨携之去__________________________________________________________

(5)沿河求之,不亦颠乎

(6)必于石下迎水处啮沙为坎穴_________________________________________________

(7)如是再啮___________________________________________________________________

(8)遂反溯流逆上矣___________________________________________________________

(9)如其言,果得于数里外______________________________________________________

(10)然则天下之事____________________________________________________________

(11)但知其一,不知其二者多矣

(12)可据理臆断欤______________________________________________________________

2.古今异义

(1)是非木柿古义:;今义:判断动词

(2)阅十余岁古义:;今义:阅读

(3)盖石性坚重古义:;今义:有遮蔽作用的器物

(4)求之下流,固颠古义:;今义:坚固

(5)尔辈不能究物理古义:;今义:物理学

3.一词多义

⑴为

⑵之

4.词类活用

(1)棹数小舟名词作动词,

(2)岂能为暴涨携之去动词作名词,

八年级上册

10.三峡

1.重点词语解释

(1)略无阙处__________________________________________________________________

(2)不见曦月__________________________________________________________________

(3)至于夏水襄陵_______________________________________________________________

(4)沿溯阻绝__________________________________________________________________

(5)虽乘奔御风_________________________________________________________________

(6)良多趣味__________________________________________________________________

(7)属引凄异___________________________________________________________________

2.通假字

略无阙处,同,

3.古今异义

或王命急宣古义:;今义:表示选择的关联词

4.一词多义

⑴绝

⑵自

⑶长

5.词类活用

(1)乘奔御风动词作名词,

(2)素湍绿潭形容词作名词,

(3)回清倒影形容词作名词,

11.短文二篇

1.重点词语解释

(1)五色交辉_____________________________________________________________

(2)沉鳞竞跃-

(3)实是欲界之仙都_______________________________________________________

(4)欣然起行_____________________________________________________________

(5)相与步于中庭_________________________________________________________

(6)庭下如积水空明_______________________________________________________

(7)盖竹柏影也^___________________________________________________________

2.古今异义

(1)四时俱备古义:____________;今义:时间

(2)晓雾将歇古义:____________;今义:休息

(3)夕日欲颓古义:____________;今义:消沉,萎靡

(4)月色入户古义:____________;今义:主要指人家和窗

(5)念无与为乐者古义:—_________:今义:纪念,思念

(6)但少闲人如吾两人者耳

①但古义:;今义:连词,表转折,但是

②闲人古义:;今义:指与事无关的人,多含贬义

3.一词多义

(1)欲

⑵与

4.词类活用

(1)五色交辉名词作动词,

(2)相与步于中庭名词作动词,

12.*与朱元思书

1.重点词语解释

(1)从流飘荡,任意东西

(2)水皆缥碧___________________________________________________________________

(3)急湍甚箭__________________________________________________________________

(4)负势竞上___________________________________________________________________

(5)泉水激石,泠泠作响

(6)蝉则千转不穷_______________________________________________________________

(7)横柯上蔽__________________________________________________________________

(8)在昼犹昏__________________________________________________________________

2.通假字

(1)蝉则千转不穷,同,

(2)窥谷忘反,同,

3.古今异义

(1)自富阳至桐庐一百许里古义:;今义:或许,应允,赞许等

(2)经纶世务者古义:;今义:整理过的蚕丝,比喻治理国家的才能

(3)莺飞戾天者古义:;今义:罪过,乖张

4.一词多义

⑴绝

(2)上

⑶百

5.词类活用

(1)风烟俱净形容词作动词,

(2)任意东西名词作动词,

(3)互相轩邈形容词作动词,

(4)望峰息心动词使动用法,

22.《孟子》三章

1.重点词语解释

(1)环而攻之__________________________________________________________________

(2)兵革非不坚利也____________________________________________________________

(3)寡助之至___________________________________________________________________

(4)公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫哉

(5)是焉得为大丈夫乎.

(6)以顺为正者_________________________________________________________________

(7)与民由之__________________________________________________________________

(8)百里奚举于市_____________________________________________________________

(9)行拂乱其所为______________________________________________________________

(10)征于色,发于声,而后喻

(11)入则无法家拂士__________________________________________________________

2.通假字

(1)亲戚畔之,同,

(2)往之女家,同,

(3)曾益其所不能,同

(4)困于心,衡于虑,同,

(5)入则无法家拂士,同,

3.古今异义

(1)公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫哉古义:;今义:诚实

(2)父命之古义::今义:命令

(3)丈夫之冠也古义:;今义:女子的配偶

(4)管夷吾举于士古义:;今义:士兵

(5)傅说举于版筑之间古义:;今义:建筑,修路

(6)故天将降大任于是人也古义:;今义:判断动词

(7)所以动心忍性古义:;今义:表因果关系的连词

4.一词多义

⑴戒

⑵之

⑶得

(4泼

⑸于

(6)拂

5.词类活用

(1)富贵不能淫动词使动用法,

(2)贫贱不能移动词使动用法,

(3)威武不能屈动词使动用法,

(4)居天下之广居动词作名词,

(5)丈夫之冠也名词作动词,

(6)傅说举于版筑之间动词作名词,

(7)必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨形容词使动用法,

(8)饿其体肤形容词使动用法,

(9)所以动心忍性动词使动用法,

(10)空乏其身形容词使动用法,

(11)人恒过名词作动词,

23.愚公移山

1.重点词语解释

(1)方七百里__________________________________________________________________

(2)惩山北之塞_________________________________________________________________

(3)出入之迂也_________________________________________________________________

(4)聚室而谋曰________________________________________________________________

(5)吾与汝毕力平险___________________________________________________________

(6)指通豫南__________________________________________________________________

(7)达于汉阴__________________________________________________________________

(8)杂然相许___________________________________________________________________

(9)其妻献疑曰________________________________________________________________

(10)曾不能损魁父之丘_________________________________________________________

(11)如太行、王屋何__________________________________________________________

(12)遂率子孙荷担者三夫_______________________________________________________

(13)箕畚运于渤海之尾_________________________________________________________

(14)始齿匕_____________________________________________________________________

(15)寒暑易节________________________________________________________________

(16)始一反焉_________________________________________________________________

(17)河曲智叟笑而止之曰_______________________________________________________

(18)甚矣,汝之不惠

(19)其如土石何_______________________________________________________________

(20)汝心之固__________________________________________________________________

(21)固不可彻________________________________________________________________

(22)虽我之死,有子存焉

(23)子子孙孙无穷匮也_________________________________________________________

(24)何苦而不平________________________________________________________________

(25)河曲智叟亡以应___________________________________________________________

(26)操蛇之神闻之____________________________________________________________

(27)命夸娥氏二子负二山______________________________________________________

(28)一厝朔东________________________________________________________________

(29)无陇断焉__________________________________________________________________

2.通假字

(1)始一反焉,同,

(2)汝之不惠,同,

(3)无陇断焉,同,

3.古今异义

(1)惩山北之塞古义:;今义:处罚

(2)投诸渤海之尾古义:;今义:各个,许多

(3)曾不能毁山之一毛古义:;今义:毛发

(4)惧其不己也古义:;今义:已经

4.一词多义

⑴且

(2)焉

⑶之

(4)而

⑸其

⑹以

5.词类活用

(1)吾与汝毕力平险形容词作名词,

(2)箕畚运于渤海之尾名词作状语,

24.*周亚夫军细柳

1.重点词语解释

(1)以河内守亚夫为将军___________

(2)已而之细柳军_________________

⑶骰弓弩_______________________

(4)天子且至_____________________

(5)居无何_______________________

(6)使人称谢_____________________

(7)曩者霸上、棘门军

(8)其将固可袭而虏也__________________________________________________

2.通假字

(1)军士吏被甲,同,--------

(2)改容式车,同,----------

3.古今异义

(1)军霸上古义:;今义:军队

(2)天子先驱至古义:;今义:走在前面引导

(3)军中闻将军令古义:;今义:用鼻子嗅

(4)于是上乃使使持节诏将军古义:;今义:节日

(5)亚夫乃传言开壁门古义::今义:墙壁

4.一词多义

⑴以

⑵军

⑶使

(4)之

⑸为

⑹持

⑺骑

(8)令

(9)诏

5.词类活用

(1)军棘门名词作动词,

(2)介胄之士不拜名词作动词,

(3)于是上乃使使持节诏将军名词作动词,

(4)锐兵刃形容词使动用法,

八年级下册

9.桃花源记

1.重点词语解释

⑴缘溪行____________________________________________________________________

(2)落英缤纷__________________________________________________________________

(3)欲穷其林__________________________________________________________________

(4)初极狭,才通人

(5)有良田、美池、桑竹之属

(6)阡陌交通___________________________________________________________________

(7)悉如外人__________________________________________________________________

(8)黄发垂髻,并怡然自乐______________________________________________________

(9)见渔人,乃大惊

(10)具答之____________________________________________________________________

(11)咸来问讯__________________________________________________________________

(12)不复出焉,遂与外人间隔__________________________________________________

(13)乃不知有汉_______________________________________________________________

(14)此人一一为具言所闻,皆叹惋

(15)便扶向路_________________________________________________________________

(16)及郡下___________________________________________________________________

(17)诣太守____________________________________________________________________

(18)遂迷,不复得路__________________________________________________________

(19)欣然规往^_________________________________________________________________

(20)后遂无问津者____________________________________________________________

2.通假字

便要还家,同,

3.古今异义

(1)无论魏晋古义:;今义:多为连词,表示条件不同而结果不变

(2)率妻子邑人来此绝境

①妻子古义:;今义:成年男子的配偶

②绝境古义:;今义:没有出路的绝境

(3)芳草鲜美古义:;今义:食物滋味好

(4)阡陌交通古义:;今义:运输和邮电事业的总称

(5)不足为外人道也古义:;今义:不够

(6)屋舍俨然古义:;今义:形容很像

(7)后遂无问津者古义:;今义:唾液

(8)仿佛若有光古义::今义:似乎,好像

(9)余人各复延至其家古义::今义:延长,延伸

4.一词多义

⑴舍

⑵寻

⑶志

(4)其

⑸遂

⑹为

⑺闻

⑻作

5.词类活用

(1)渔人甚异之形容词意动用法,

(2)复前行方位名词作状语,

(3)处处志之名词作动词,

(4)未果名词作动词,

10.小石潭记

1.重点词语解释

(1)隔篁竹_____________________________________________________________________

(2)水尤清冽___________________________________________________________________

(3)为械,为屿,为蟆

(4)蒙络摇缀___________________________________________________________________

(5)潭中鱼可百许头___________________________________________________________

(6)皆若空游无所依___________________________________________________________

(7)怡然不动__________________________________________________________________

(8)俶尔远逝__________________________________________________________________

(9)往来翕忽___________________________________________________________________

(10)似与游者相乐_____________________________________________________________

(11)悄怆幽邃_________________________________________________________________

(12)不可久居__________________________________________________________________

2.古今异义

(1)乃记之而去古义:;今义:前往

(2)崔氏二小生古义:;今义:戏曲艺术中的一种角色

3.一词多义

⑴清

(2)可

⑶差

(4)以

⑸而

4.词类活用

(1)从小丘西行百二十步名词作状语,

(2)心乐之形容词意动用法,

(3)皆若空游无所依

名词作状语,__________________________________________________________________

(4)斗折蛇行

名词作状语,_____________________________________________________________

(5)其岸势犬牙差互

名词作状语,_______________________________________________________________

(6)凄神寒骨

形容词使动用法,___________________________________________________________

(7)似与游者相乐

形容词作动词,________________________________________________________________

(8)日光下澈

名词作状语,

(9)下见小潭

名词作状语,__________________________________________________________________

11.*核舟记

1.重点词语解释

(1)明有奇巧人曰王叔远________________________________________________________

(2)为宫室、器皿、人物________________________________________________________

(3)罔不因势象形_______________________________________________________________

(4)尝贻余核舟一______________________________________________________________

(5)盖大苏泛赤壁云___________________________________________________________

(6)舟首尾长约八分有奇_______________________________________________________

(7)高可二黍许________________________________________________________________

(8)清风徐来,水波不兴

(9)中峨冠而多髯者为东坡____________________________________________________

(10)如有所语__________________________________________________________________

(11)其两膝相比者____________________________________________________________

(12)佛印绝类弥勒______________________________________________________________

(13)矫首昂视__________________________________________________________________

(14)珠可历历数也____________________________________________________________

(15)其人视端容寂_____________________________________________________________

(16)若听茶声然_______________________________________________________________

(17)其船背稍夷________________________________________________________________

(18)钩画了了__________________________________________________________________

(19)通计一舟__________________________________________________________________

(20)而计其长曾不盈寸_________________________________________________________

(21)盖简桃核修狭者为之_______________________________________________________

2.通假字

(1)讪右臂支船,同

____,_____________________________________

(2)左手倚一衡木________,同________

3.古今异义

(1)高可二黍许古义:__________今义:许可,可能,值得

(2)而计其长曾不盈寸古义:—________;今义:曾经

(3)盖简桃核修狭者为之古义:;今义:简单,简直

4.一词多义

⑴属

⑵奇

⑶可

5.词类活用

石青桂之名词作动词,

21.《庄子》二则

1.重点词语解释

(1)志怪者也__________________________________________________________________

(2)按扶摇而上者九万里________________________________________________________

(3)其远而无所至极邪__________________________________________________________

(4)亦若是则已矣_______________________________________________________________

(5)子之不知鱼之乐,全矣

(6)请循其本___________________________________________________________________

2.通假字

北冥有鱼,同,

3.古今异义

(1)野马也古义:;今义:野生之马

(2)天池也古义:;今义:湖泊的名称

(3)海运则将徙于南冥古义:;今义:海洋运输

(4)鳏鱼出游从容古义:;今义:镇定,沉着

(5)是鱼之乐也古义:;今义:判断动词

(6)安知鱼之乐古义:;今义:安全

4.一词多义

⑴息

⑵之

⑶而

(4)以

⑸其

(6)固

5.词类活用

怒而飞形容词作动词,

22.《礼记》二则

1.重点词语解释

(1)虽有至道___________________________________________________________________

(2)是故学然后知不足__________________________________________________________

(3)然后能自反也_______________________________________________________________

(4)教学相长也_________________________________________________________________

(5)其此之谓乎____________

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