Unit 4 关系代词学案-高中英语人教版必修第一册

定语从句1.1---限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法一、基本概念 1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的形容词性从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，有时也可与先行词分离。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。如：先行词 Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.先行词定语从句定语从句先行词定语从句 Thedaysaregonewhenyoucouldleavethedooropenatnight.先行词定语从句 3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as 关系副词：when,where,why.二、关系代词的基本用法。指代例句关系代词及其所充当的成分1.人HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thisisthefamousscientistwho/whom/thatwevisitedlastweek.Lodgeisnolongthemanthathewastenyearsago.1.who主语、宾语2.which宾语3.that主语、宾语、表语2.物Hefinallyworkedouttheproblemwhich/thatpuzzledhimforalongtime.Thefishthat/whichweboughtyesterdaywerenotfresh.Mytypewriterisnotthemachinethatitwas.1.that主语、宾语、表语2.which主语、宾语3.人的；物的Thereisamountainwhosetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarbrokedown.whose定语******as的用法as充当关系代词，只用于先行词前出现such,so或thesameHewishedtobesuchamanasLeiFengwas.ThisisthesamebookasIreadlastweek.试翻译以下两句Lilyissuchalovelygirlaseverybodylikes._________________________________Lilyissuchalovelygirlthateverybodylikesher._________________________________*****介词+关系代词which/whom先行词为物，用“介词+which”Thespeedatwhichapersonwalksis8milesanhour.先行词为人，用“介词+whom”FelixismybestfriendwithwhomIsharelotsofsecrets.定语从句1.2---非限制性定语从句关系代词的用法观察下列非限制性定语从句，总结其与限制性定语从句之间的差异。指代例句1.人Ourguide,whowasaFrenchCanadian,wasanexcellentcook.Peter,whomyoumetinLondon,isnowbackinParis.2.物Water,whichisaclearliquid,hasmanyuses.Theseappletrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,havenotborneanyfruit.3.人的；物的Abovethetreesarethemountains,whosemagnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.Theboy,whosefatherisanengineer,studiesveryhard.4.句子Theweatherturnedoutverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.试翻译以下两句话，体会比较非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的意义区别Theoldmanhasason,whoisinthearmy.__________________________________________Theoldmanhasasonwhoisinthearmy. __________________________________________总结限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上无逗号与主句隔开意义上先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确修饰内容先行词关系词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as；关系副词：when,where,why.关系代词：关系副词：when,where.*****特殊结构代词／数词／名词／形容词比较级、最高级等＋of＋which／whomChinahashundredsofislandsoffitssoutheastcoast,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan．Tomtriedontwojackets,neitherofwhichfittedhim.They’vegotthreecars,twoofwhichtheyneveruse.Thefactoryhasover8,000workers,eightypercentofwhomarewomen.*****定语从句中的主谓一致Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraised.Heistheone/theonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraised.I,whoamyourfriend,adviseyounottosmoke.You,whoaremyfriend,shouldhelpme.定语从句1.3关系代词用法区分1.宜用that的情况①先行词为不定代词：everything,anything,nothing,all,much,few,little,none…IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatglittersisnotgold.②先行词前有以下修饰词：all,every,no,some,any,little,much...I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.TherearemanyplacesthatIhaven’tvisited.③当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.④当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时ThiswasoneofthemostpowerfulstormsthatstruckAmerica.Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetsomefood.⑤当先行词中同时包括人和物I’mgoingtotalkaboutthecountriesandpeoplethatIhavevisited.⑥关系代词在从句中做表语Lodgeisnolongthemanthathewastenyearsago.⑦当要避免与疑问词which重复时。WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?2.宜用which的情况①在非限制性定语从句中Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.=Thisistheroom(that/which)myfatherlivedinlastyear.③当先行词被that或those修饰(避免重复)Thatbookwhichheborrowedyesterdayisinteresting.3.宜用who的情况①先行词为those指人时Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrapped.②先行词为指人的不定量词one,anyone,noone,nobody,none...Anyonewhoworksheremustbecareful.as和which在指代句子时1.位置上as引导的从句可放在主句首/末/中。which引导的从句只放在主句后。Asisknowntousall,theearthturnsaroundthesun.Theearth,asisknowntousall,turnsaroundthesun.Theearthturnsaroundthesun,as/whichisknowntousall.2.语义的区别：as有“正如”、“就像”之意，多用于：asissaidabove;asisknowntoall；aswecansee;asisoftenthecase;asisreported;asisexpected;asitturnedoutMikewonthefirstprize,aswasexpected.Mikewonthefirstprize,whichwasnotexpected.定语从句关系代词预习小练I.学习定语从句1.1，用适当的关系代词/介词+关系代词填空(●’◡’●)who/that2.who/thatwho/that2.who/that3.whose4.that/which/省略5.that/which6.as7.that8.whom/who/that9.whom;whom10.on/uponwhich1.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters

__________

hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.2.Manywesterners________cometoChinaseldomcookthemselveswhentheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.3.Acompany__________profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.4.Theexactyear_____________AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.5.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.6.Thisissodifficultaproblem___________nobodycouldanswer.7.Thisissodifficultaproblem___________nobodycouldanswerit.8.Theteacher_______Ilikebestoftenencouragesmetofightformydream.9.Peopleto___________muchisgivenarepeopleof___________muchwillbeexpected.10.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthebasicskill___________________schooleducationdepends.II.学习定语从句1.2，用适当的关系代词填空(●’◡’●)1.which2.whose1.which2.whose3.which4.whose5.whom6.which7.as/which8.who9.whose10.which1.Bynow,wehaveraised50.000poundsforthepoorchildren,______isquiteunexpected.2.Myeldestson,_______worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.3.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof______hasbeenproved.4.Thebooksonthedesk,______________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.5.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof___________arefamilymembers.6.Anyway,thatevening,___________I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.7.Thereisnosimpleanswer,______________isoftenthecaseinscience.8.ButSarah,____________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.9.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgram,oneof________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.10.Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfof________werepublishedinthe1990s.III.学习定语从句1.3，用适当的关系代词填空(●’◡’●)1.1.that2.that3.that4.As5.which6.that7.who8.that9.that10.who1.Thisisthebestfilm________hasbeenshownsofarinthecity.2.Februaryistheonlymonth________hasfewerthan30days.3.Mysonmadenotesofeverything________heread.4._________isreported,thenumberofsmokershasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.5.HurricaneCamille,______isoneofthemostpowerfulstormsstrikingAmerica,broughtdeathanddestruction.6.Canyourememberthescientistandhistheory______________wehavelearned?7.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose

__________

aretotallyengagedinacademiclife.8.Thisistheverypen______________Iamlookingfor.9.Ningboisnolongerthecity______________itwastenyearsago.10.LeonardodaVinciwasanextraordinarygenius,_______isbelievedtobe“Renaissanceman”.I.1.who/that2.who/that3.whose4.that/which/省略5.that/which6.as7.that8.whom/who/that9.whom;whom10.on/uponwhichII.1.which2.whose3.which4.whose5.whom6.which7.as/which8.who9.whose10.whichIII.1.that2.that3.that4.As5.which6.that7.who8.that9.that10.who定语从句课后巩固练习DDADDDDDADDDAAACADBCCBCCDD1．Alotoflanguagelearning,________hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife. A．what B．that C．where D．as2．Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom__youreceivedgifts? A．which B．them C．that D．whom3．Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition. A．that B．which C．as D．what4．Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitwas100yearsagowithitswindingstreets. A．as B．where C．that D．which5．Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose_______aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths. A．whom B．what C．which D．who6．They’vewontheirlastthreematches,________Ifindabitsurprising. A．that B．when C．what D．which7．Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents___allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother. A．which B．where C．what D．who8．Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner____________shehadpromisedus. A.as B.what C.which D.where9．Thecompanyandtheeffectbroughtaboutdidgreatgoodtoourbusinessinthemarket. A．it B．which C．that D．what10．Morepeopleprefertoliveinthecountryside,_______attractiontothemliesinthequietandslow-pacedlife. A．who B．which C．whose D．what11．Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_____wemayreturninthenearfuture. A．towhich B．bywhich C．fromwhich D．onwhich12．Thecoursenormallyattractsabout100studentsperyear,____________upto50percentwillbefromabroad. A．who B．ofwhich C．when D．ofwhom13．Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,________urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive. A．which B．who C．where D．what14．Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,________hassurprisedusall. A．that B．where C．which D．what15．“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,”________. A．asthesayinggoesold B．goesastheoldsaying C．astheoldsayinggoes D．goesasoldthesaying16．IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without________helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which17．Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries. A．them B．that C．which D．what18．Inourclassthereare46students,______halfwearglasses. A．inwhom B．inthem C．ofwhom D．ofthem19．Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,________wantedtobuyit. A．noneofthem B．bothofthem C．noneofwhom D．neitherofwhom20．Theway______theteachergavehislessonswaseasytounderstand. A．which B．what C．inthat D．inwhichDDADD DAAAC ADBCC BCCDD定语从句翻译练习1．众所周知，如果你能从失败中吸收教训，你就能避免重蹈覆辙。（avoiddoingsth）2．这些历经时间考验的经典作品总能开拓读者的视野。(standthetestoftime)3．他假装对大城市的生活很熟悉，这让我很生气。(pretend;befamiliarwith)4.他沉溺于电脑游戏，学业成绩深受不良影响。(beaddictedto;academicperformance) 5.杰克坚定地看了我一眼，这表明他决不向困难屈服。(surrendertodifficulty)6.宁波位于中国东部，它的名字代表着“平静的海浪”。(liein/belocatedin) 7.从下面的山谷望去，山顶上覆盖着雪的那座山是一道壮丽的风景。(view;becovered/blanketedwith;ssplendidsight) 8.泛读是掌握英语的基本技能。(thebasicskill;dependon/upon)9．面试中，这位求职者流露出自信和善良，给我留下了很深的印象。(impress)10．你应该多请教老师，从老师那里你可以清楚地知道自己在学习上的优缺点。(consult;strengthsandweaknesses) 11．大量的灾难威胁着人类文明，其中最具破坏性的是人类自身引发的世界大战。(threatenhumancivilization;最高级+which) 12．街上挤满了刚从地震中侥幸逃生的人。(pack;anarrowescape)13．没有任何对大火的反抗，这场大火的威力足以使太阳变红，使白天变暗，使大地遍布烟雾。（opposetheflames;redden;darken;fillsthwithsth） 14．正如你所见，目前在地震中死亡或受重伤的人数在不断增加。(asyoucansee)15.志愿者尽全力给被困在村子里的人送去了食物和其他救灾补给品。（trap;deliver;supply）Keys(possibleversion)1．众所周知，如果你能从失败中吸收教训，你就能避免重蹈覆辙。（avoiddoingsth） Asisknowntoall,ifyoucanlearnfromfailures,youcanavoidrepeatingthesamemistake/makingthesamemistakerepeatedly.2．这些历经时间考验的经典作品总能开拓读者的视野。(standthetestoftime) Theseclassicsthathavestoodthetestoftimecanalwaysbroadenthereaders’horizons.3．他假装对大城市的生活很熟悉，这让我很生气。(pretend;befamiliarwith) Hepretendedtobe/getfamiliarwithlifeinbigcities,whichmademereallyangry.4.他沉溺于电脑游戏，学业成绩深受不良影响。(beaddictedto;academicperformance) Heisaddictedto(playing)computergames,whichnegativelyaffects/hasanegativeeffectonhisacademicperformance.5.杰克坚定地看了我一眼，这表明他决不向困难屈服。(surrendertodifficulty) Jackgave/shotmeadeterminedlook,whichshowedthathewouldneversurrender/giveintodifficulty.6.宁波位于中国东部，它的名字代表着“平静的海浪”。(liein/belocatedin) Ningbo,whosenamemeans‘calmwaves’,liesin/islocatedintheeastofChina.7.从下面的山谷望去，山顶上覆盖着雪的那座山是一道壮丽的风景。(view;becovered/blanketedwith;ssplendidsight) Whenviewedfromthevalleybelow,themountainwhosetopiscovered/blanketedwithsnowoffersusa