UNIT3PERIOD1READINGANDTHINKING高一英语课后培优分级练（人教版2019必修第三册）附答案

Unit3DiverseCulturesPeriod1ReadingandThinking培优层级1——基础多维巩固维度一语境填词1．TheChinesediscoveredthatthegas________(泄露，逃逸)fromthetubecouldliftitintotheair.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)2．TuYouyou________（因……赢得好声誉）hercontributiontomedicine.（根据汉语提示完成句子）3．Salisburysenthimonadiplomatic________(使命)toNorthAmerica.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)4．Travelallowsmean________(逃离)fromtheboringlifetoappreciatethebeautyoftheworld.(根据汉语提示单词拼写）5．TheChinesedragonwasabringerofgood_________(好运).（根据汉语意思填空）6．Thewitness____________(声称)thedriverwaslyingtoescapebeingfined.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)7．Hekepta________(日记)duringhisvisittoJapan.(根据汉语提示单词拼写）8．Beforetherace,fine.But________fine.But________(后来)heiswornout.(根据汉语提示单词拼写）9．LiLeiwenttoTaipeito_________(寻找)hisfortunebyhimselfwhenhewaseighteenyearsold.（根据汉语意思填空）10．Manyyoungpeoplegotobigcitiesto________(寻找)theirfortune.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）11．Thecaraccident________(夺去)threelives.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）12．Theydividethecityintosections，each________(区域)havingitsownstreetsorblocks.(根据汉语提示单词拼写）13．Thenewrailwaywillbenefitthe________(地区).（根据汉语提示单词拼写）14．Studyingis________(肯定地)abigpartofseniorsecondaryschoolstudents’life.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）15．They________(声称)tohavediscoveredacureforthedisease.(根据汉语提示单词拼写）维度二单句语法填空1．Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthe_________(history)environmentthatiscreatedforthem.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．Shewastooproud________(admit)shecouldbewrong.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．Thethieftries_________(escape).Andtheofficercan’tlethimgetaway.（所给词的适当形式填空）4．Thetrainingschedule,apart________regulartraining,includesjoininginavarietyofactivities,suchasparticipatinginsomenationalcompetitions.(用适当的词填空)5．Mybrother________(admit)intoauniversity,whichdelightedusall.（所给词的适当形式填空）6．Onlyathleteswhohavereachedtheagreedstandardfortheireventwillbeadmitted__________competitors.(根据句式结构填空)7．Shehasbeenselected_______theEnglandteam.(用适当的词填空)8．I’m___________(definite)goingtotakeadvantageofthepreciouschance.（所给词的适当形式填空）9．Whatbrought________thechangeinhisattitude?(用适当的词填空)10．Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercut____________（occur）.(所给词的适当形式填空)11．Headmittedthathehadmadeanefforttoescape__________(punish).(所给词的适当形式填空)12．TohistoricToledo,RomanMéridaandintoAndalucia,weexplore_________(history)monumentsandarchitecture.(所给词的适当形式填空)13．Iamashamed________(admit)thatI’veneverreadanyofhisbooks.(所给词的适当形式填空)14．Youhavedoneanexcellentjobandareboundto________(admit)intothecompany.（所给词的适当形式填空）15．Theeconomicreformbrought______greatchangesinthelivesofthecommonpeople.培优层级2——多维训练提能Ⅰ.写作小练笔我们要寻求人与自然和谐共存，积极应对气候变化。(between)（汉译英）家常菜往往成为我们跌入人生低谷时寻求的慰籍食物。（seek）（汉译英）我知道我以前听过这首歌，但是它的名字我忘了。(escape)（汉译英4．他测量了野生动物迁徙的位置，并开始寻找解决办法。（thepositionfromwhere；seekasolution）(汉译英)5．这部畅销小说是由历史事件改编而来的。(adapt)(汉译英)II..语法填空Venice—TheRiskoftheDisappearanceofanEntireCityVeniceisastunningoddity.Itisacitybuiltatoparound120islands,crisscrossedby177canals,andisbestexploredviatheuseofits391bridges.Butthecityisnotwellrecently.Indeed,____1____drasticmeasuresaretaken,thecity’sdayscouldbenumbered.Thisisfarfromhyperbole(夸张):Veniceisatveryrealriskof____2____(consume)bythesea.Inworst-casescenario,thecitycoulddisappearbeneaththewavesby2100.Meanwhile,manyofitsbuildingaresinking____3____beingdamagedbythewakesofboats.Itisalsoroutinelyoverwhelmedbytourists,whileitslocalpopulationisincontinualdecline.Globally,alotofcities____4____(hit)bysimilarproblemsofsinkinglandandrisingsealevelsinVenice.Low-lyingJakarta(雅加达),forexample,isinsuchaterriblesituationthatitisbeingreplaced____5____thecapitalcityofIndonesiabyNusantara,acitynotyetevenbuilt.InNovember2019,Venicesuffereditssecond-worstflooding.Itcreatedheadlinesaroundtheworld,withonlookers____6____(astonish)bytheincredibleimagesofSaintMark’sSquare,oneofthecity’slowestlyingareas,coveredinfeetofwater.Thetidereachedapeakheightof187cmabovesealevel,____7____(result)inmorethan80%ofthecitybeingunderwater.Astateofemergencywasdeclared,andtherewasanestimated€1bneurosworthofdamage.Theworsteverfloodingevent,whichhappenedin1966,____8____(see)waterlevelsriseto194cmabovesealevel,andisthought____9____(damage)atleastthreequartersofthecity’sshops,businessesandstudios._____10_____agapofover50yearsseparatedtheseevents,recenttrendssuggestthatwewon’thavetowaithalfacenturytoseeanotherdisastrousflood.Sincewaterlevelsstartedbeingofficiallyrecordedin1923,theyhavereached150cmormoreononly10occasions,butfiveofthosehavebeeninthelastthreeyears.培优层级3——真题拔高滚动训练=1\*ROMANI阅读理解AWhenBarcelona’scitizensemergedfromasix-weeklockdownattheendofAprillastyear,theyfoundthatwhilethecityhadlaininactive,naturehadbeenbusytransformingthestreetsandparksintoawilderness.“Theparkswereshut,sonogardeningwascarriedout,”saysMargaritaPares,whoheadsthecity’sbiodiversityprogramme.“Itwasspringanditrainedalotmorethanusual.Theresultwasanexplosioninplantgrowth.Andthereweremanymorebutterflies,astheyareaspeciesthatreactsveryquicklytochangesintheenvironment.”Oncethegardenerswentbacktowork,thequestionwaswhethertoreturneverythingtoitsneatandtidystate,orletnaturetakeitscourse？Theanswerisneither.Paressaysthecouncilspenttheprevioustwoyearsworkingonplansto“naturalise”or“rewild”thecity—andwasabouttoannouncethischangeofpolicywhenthepandemicstruck.Bythetimethelockdownended,itwasaloteasiertosellrewildingtothepublicdesiringfreshairandopenspace.Whenitcomestoembracingnatureinitscities,Spainfallsbehindmanycountries.ButitishopedthatBarcelona’snewpolicywillgosomewaytocorrectingthat.“InacitylikeBarcelona,it’sacaseofreplacingwhatexistswithgreeninfrastructure(基础建设),”saysLorenaEscuerwhohasworkedinBarcelonaonapilotschemecalledAlcorquesVivos,whichplantswildflowersatthebaseoftreesinthestreetsratherthansurroundingthemwithpavement.“It’snothavingaparksurroundedbyasphalt(沥青)butintroducingnatureintothecity,”shesays.“Peopleneedre-educating.Theirideaofacleanspaceiswherethere’snolifeandtheecosystemisdead.There’sthisideathatnatureissomethingoutsideandthatwhat’snaturalforthecityisfortheretobenothing.”“Rewildinghasmadeuslookathowweliveandhowwewanttolive.There’snogoingbackfromhere.Thelockdowngaveusaglimpseofnatureinthecityanditsurprisedus,”saysMargaritaPares.1．WhathappenedtoBarcelonaafterasix-weeklockdownlastyear？A．Theenvironmentbecamewild. B．Plantsstoppedgrowing.C．Gardeningwasabolished. D．Fewerbutterfliesemerged.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“newpolicy”inparagraph2referto？A．ReturningBarcelonatoneatnessandtidiness.B．Fillingopenspacewithfitnessfacilities.C．“Naturalising”or“rewilding”Barcelona.D．Developingeconomytoshakeoffbackwardness.3．WhichofthefollowingwillLorenaEscuerprobablysupport？A．Surroundingtreeswithpavement. B．Promotinggreeninfrastructure.C．Buildingparkroadswithasphalt. D．Keepingthecityemptyandclean.4．WhatisMargaritaPares’sattitudeto“rewilding”？A．Doubtful. B．Intolerant. C．Unclear. D．Favorable.BLastfall,mydadandIvisitedKindredSpiritElephantSanctuary,whichislocatedinthemountainsofNorthernThailand.Althoughourstaywasshort,itturnedouttobethemostmemorablepartofourholiday.Uponarrival,weheadedtothebasetolearnabouttheelephantsthatwereinthecare.Theeldest,TooMeh,hadspentmuchofherlifegivingtouristsrideswithaheavyironseattiedtoherback.Herdaughter,MaeDoom,andgrandsons,DodoandGenThong,hadalsospentyearsinchainsdoinghardworktoentertaintourists.Itbrokeourheartstoheartheirsadstories.Earlythenextmorning,wesawTooMehandMaeDoomexploringtheforestandDodoplayingbytheriver.Seeingthemfreewasaheartwarmingexperience.KindredSpiritElephantSanctuarywasfoundedwiththegoalofprotectingthewelfareofelephants,andthatiswhythisplacedoesnotofferelephantridesorelephantperformancesofanykind.Instead,ittriestoeducatevisitorsabouttheseamazinganimals.Butwedidmorethanjustgettoknowtheelephants.Wealsocookedandatetogetherwithourhostfamily,learnedaboutthelanguageofthelocalpeople,andhelpedteachEnglishtothechildreninthevillage.Indoingtheseactivities,wewereabletoexperiencethelocalcustomsandculturefirsthand.Byprovidingsuchopportunitiesforvisitors,theplacegivesbacktothevillagebyhelpingthevillagersmakemoremoneyandlearnEnglish.It'sawin-winsituation.Ifyouwanttoseeelephantsintheirnaturalenvironment,KindredSpiritElephantSanctuaryistheniceplacetogo.It'sanexperienceyouwon'tforget.5．WhatcanwelearnaboutTooMeh?A．Shelivedthroughhardtimes.B．Shegavebirthtothreebabies.C．Sheisusedtowearingchains.D．Shehasanironseatonherback.6．WhatdoestheKindredElephantSanctuaryaimtodo?A．Toentertaintourists.B．Toteachlanguages.C．Toprotectelephants.D．Tomaintaincustoms.7．Whatbenefitdovillagersgetfromthesanctuary?A．Higherincome.B．Cheapertravel.C．Freeelephantrides.D．Liveentertainment.8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MyBestHolidayEverB．StoppingHurtingElephantsC．OnePerformanceYouCan'tMissD．AVisittotheElephantSanctuary=2\*ROMANII完形填空Ahundredyearsago,thelargestcityintheworldwasLondon,withapopulationof6.5million.TodayitisbeatenbyTokyo.WithbarelyaquarterthepopulationofLondonacenturyago,theTokyometropolitanareahassince___1___to34million,promotingittofirstplaceintheglobalcityleaguetable.Tokyo’sphenomenalgrowthislargelyduetoasinglefactor:migrationfromthecountrysidetothecity.This__2___migrationcannowbeseeninscoresofcitiesaroundtheglobe.Andithasbroughtustoacrucialmomentinhumanhistory.In1990,mostpeoplelivedinthecountryside,withalittleover10percentoftheworld’spopulationlivingin___3___.Fromnextyear,theUNPopulationDivisionpredictsthatforthefirsttimeinhistory,morepeoplewillliveincitiesthaninthecountry,andthebiggestgrowthwillbein“mega-cities,”withpopulationsover10million.The___4___ofmega-cities-therearenow20intotal-hasbroughtwithithugeenvironmentalandsocialproblems.CitiesoccupyjusttwopercentofthelandsurfaceoftheEarthbutconsumethree-quartersoftheresourcesthatareusedupeachyear.Theirresidentsaremakingruinous___5___onsoilsandwatersuppliesforfoodandonforestsforwoodandpaper.___6___theworld’spopulationtothecountrysideisn’tanoption.Dividinguptheplanetintoplotsoflandonwhichwecouldallsurviveself-sufficientlywouldcreateitsownnaturaldisasters,nottomentionbeinghighlyunlikelytoever___7___.Ifwearetoprotectwhatisleftofnature,andmeetthedemandtoimprovethequalityoflivingfortheworld’sdevelopingnations,anewformofcitylivingistheonlyoption.___8___,governments,planners,architects,andengineersarebeginningtowakeuptothisidea,andaredreamingupnewwaystogreenthemega-cities.Theirapproaches___9___twomainprinciples:recyclewhateverpossibleandremoveasmanycarsaspossible.Soaswellasdevelopingenergy-efficientbuildings,emphasisisbeingplacedonincreasingtheuseof___10___andredesigninghowcitiesareorganizedtointegrateworkandlivingareasintoasingleneighborhood,ratherthan___11___citiesintoresidential,commercial,andindustrialzones.Plannersandarchitectsnowagreethattoimprovethesocialandenvironmentalconditionofcitiesthetop___12___istocutcaruse.Theysayzero-emissioncarsrunningonelectricityorburninghydrogenarenot___13___.Whatisneededisawholesalerethinkofhownewcitiesarelaidout—andhowexistingonesexpand—to___14__theneedforcarsinthefirstplace.Onewayofachievingthisistobuildcitieswithmultiplecenterswherepeoplelive___15___theirworkinhigh-riseblocksthatarealsonearpublictransporthubs.Inpartsoftheworldthisisalreadytakingplace.A．added B．mushroomed C．responded D．adaptedA．out-of-date B．rural-to-urban C．close-to-bottom D．on-the-siteA．cities B．migration C．poverty D．communitiesA．increase B．advantage C．management D．distributionA．criticism B．comments C．demands D．impressionsA．Promoting B．Relating C．Returning D．IntroducingA．disappear B．decrease C．exist D．occurA．Generally B．Naturally C．Previously D．FortunatelyA．relyon B．setaside C．resultin D．lookintoA．self-drivingcars B．publictransport C．greenbuildings D．eco-friendlypackagingA．changing B．arranging C．separating D．forcingA．concern B．secret C．reform D．priorityA．enough B．possible C．common D．scarceA．emphasize B．minimize C．neglect D．considerA．eagerlyfor B．farfrom C．closeto D．ignorantlyof参考答案Unit1FestivalsandCelebrationsPeriod1ReadingandThinking培优层级1——基础多维巩固维度一语境填词1．escaping【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人发现从管中泄露的气体能够使其升到空中。根据汉语提示“泄露，逃逸”可知，空格处涉及单词“escape”，意为“泄露，逸出”，动词词性，句子为“that”引导的宾语从句，从句中有谓语动词“couldlift”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“gas”和“escape”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故空格处应用“escape”的现在分词“escaping”作后置定语。故填escaping。2．hasearnedagoodreputationfor##haswonagoodreputationfor【详解】考查现在完成时和语法一致。句意：屠呦呦因其对医学的贡献而赢得了良好的声誉。该句强调已经完成的动作，用现在完成时，且主语TuYouyou是第三人称单数，谓语动词用动词的单数第三人称；表示“因……赢得好声誉”用earn/winagoodreputationfor。故答案为hasearned/wonagoodreputationfor。3．mission【详解】考查名词。句意：Salisbury派他去北美执行外交任务。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词diplomatic，所以空处应该用名词，再根据所给中文提示词，所以应填mission意为“使命”，再根据空前的a，应该用单数。故填mission。4．escape【详解】考查名词。句意：旅行让我从枯燥的生活中解脱出来，欣赏世界的美丽。结合汉语意思和不定冠词an可知，填入名词escape的单数形式，作宾语。故填escape。5．fortune【详解】考查名词。句意：中国龙是带来好运的使者。根据空前的形容词good可知，空处应填一个名词，结合汉语提示可知fortune符合题意，故填fortune。6．claimed【详解】考查时态。句意：目击者声称司机说谎是为了逃避罚款。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词claim，由was可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填claimed。7．journal【详解】考查名词。句意：他在访问日本期间坚持写日记。根据汉语提示“日记”和空前的kepta可知，应填名词journal作宾语，此处journal为可数名词，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填journal。8．afterwards【详解】考查副词。句意：在比赛之前，他很好，但是后来他筋疲力尽了。根据汉语提示，副词afterwards意为“后来”，在该句中作状语。故填afterwards。9．seek【详解】考查动词。句意：李雷十八岁时去台北独自谋生。根据汉语意思“寻找”可知应填动词seek，且此处为不定式作目的状语，上文已有to，应填动词原形。故填seek。10．seek【详解】考查动词。句意：许多年轻人到大城市去寻找发财的机会。表示“寻找”为seek，符合题意；空前有不定式to，故空处填动词原形。故填seek。11．claimed【详解】考查动词。句意：那场车祸夺去了三条人命。题干所表述的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时；根据汉语提示和句意“夺去、使丧生”，故填claimed。12．district【详解】考查名词。句意：他们把城市分成几个区，每个区有自己的街道或街区。根据汉语提示“区域”和空前的“each”可知，应填名词作非谓语动词having的逻辑主语，district意为“区域”，是可数名词，each后面加可数名词单数形式。故填district。13．region##district##area##zone【详解】考查名词。句意：新铁路将使该地区受益。根据汉语提示“地区”用名词region、district、zone或area，作宾语。此处为特指应用单数。故填region/district/area/zone。14．definitely【详解】考查副词。句意：学习肯定是高中生生活重要的一部分。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用程度副词definitely“肯定地，绝对地”作状语，故填definitely。15．claimed【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：他们声称已经发现了治疗这种疾病的方法。根据汉语提示“声称”可知此处应用动词claim作谓语，由语境可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填claimed。维度二单句语法填空1．historical【详解】考查形容词。句意：在咖啡馆里，顾客会在为他们创造的历史环境中过得很愉快。设空处后为名词environment，故应用形容词，history的形容词为historical，意为“有关历史的，基于史实的”，作前置定语。故填historical。2．toadmit【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：她太骄傲了，不愿承认自己可能错了。too…to…为固定搭配，表示“太……以致不能……”，结合句意及提示词可知，此处应填toadmit。故填toadmit。3．toescape【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小偷试图逃跑，警察不能让他跑掉。trytodosth意为“试图做某事，尽力做某事”，不定式作宾语。故填toescape。4．from【详解】考查介词。句意：训练计划除了定期训练外，还包括参加各种各样的活动，如参加一些全国性的比赛。短语apartfrom除了……之外。故填from。5．wasadmitted【详解】考查动词语态。句意：我哥哥被一所大学录取了，这使我们大家都很高兴。admit与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由delighted可知，句子陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填wasadmitted。6．as【详解】考查介词。句意：只有达到既定标准的运动员才被允许参加比赛。固定短语beadmittedas，意为“作为…被接受”。故填as。【点睛】7．for【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她已被选入英格兰队。结合句意表示“被选为”，可知短语为beselectedfor。故填for。8．definitely【详解】考查副词。句意：我肯定会利用这个宝贵的机会。修饰动词用副词作状语，修饰谓语动词“amgoingtotakeadvantageof”用副词definitely。故填definitely。9．about【详解】考查介词。句意：什么导致他的态度发生了变化?分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入介词。短语bringabout意为“引起，导致”符合题意。故填about。10．occurred【详解】考查时态。句意：停电时，杰克正在实验室工作。根据前面的wasworking可知，后面从句中的谓语动词occur也应该用过去式。故填occurred。11．beingpunished##punishment【详解】考查名词和动名词。句意：他承认他曾努力逃避惩罚。escapedoing意为“逃避做某事”，punish与逻辑主语he是被动关系，因此空格处用动名词的被动语态，即beingdone，作宾语；也可用名词punishment作宾语，punishment是不可数名词，故填beingpunished/punishment。12．historical【详解】考查形容词。句意：到历史悠久的托莱多、罗马梅里达和安达卢西亚，我们探索历史遗迹和建筑。此处修饰名词monumentsandarchitecture，应用形容词historical“(有关)历史的”，作定语。故填historical。13．toadmit【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我惭愧地承认我从来没有读过他的任何一本书。分析句意再根据空格前的ashamed可知，此处用动词不定式构成sbbeashamedtodosth表示“某人羞愧地做某事”符合语境。故答案为toadmit。14．beadmitted【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你表现出色，一定会被公司录用的。分析句子可知，空格处admit与主语you之间是被动关系；beboundtodosth.意为“注定要做某事”，故填tobeadmitted。15．about【详解】考查动词短语。句意：经济改革给老百姓的生活带来了巨大的变化。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语bringabout“带来，引起”，满足句意要求。故填about。培优层级2——多维训练提能Ⅰ写作小练笔写作小练笔1．Weneedtoseekharmoniouscoexistencebetweenmanandnature,andactivelyrespondtoclimatechange.2．Familydishesoftenbecomethecomfortfoodweseekatlowerpointsofourlives.3．IknowthatIhaveheardthesongbefore,butitsnameescapesme.4．Hemeasuredthepositionfromwherethewildanimalsmigrated,andbegantoseekasolution.5．Thismostpopularnovelisadaptedfromhistoricalevents.II..语法填空1．unless???2．beingconsumed???3．or????4．arebeinghit????5．as????6．astonished????7．resulting???8．saw???9．tohavechanged????10．While##Although##Though【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了有可能导致威尼斯整个城市消失的风险。1．考查连词。句意：的确，除非采取了严厉的措施，这所城市的日子可能屈指可数。根据句意可知，空处引导条件状语从句，结合上文“Butthecityisnotwellrecently.”可推断，除非采取了严厉的措施，否则这座城市将会消失。unless“除非”符合语境。故填unless。2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这远非是夸张：威尼斯确实有被海水吞噬的危险。介词后接动名词作宾语，consume与逻辑主语Venice是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。故填beingconsumed。3．考查连词。句意：与此同时，它的许多建筑正在下沉或被船只的尾迹损坏。根据句意，前后文是选择关系。故填or。4．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在全球范围内，许多城市都受到类似的陆地下沉和威尼斯海平面上升的影响。分析句子可知，hit是谓语动词，与主语cities是被动关系，文章主时态是现在时态，根据语境，此处描述现阶段存在的状态用现在进行时，主语cities是复数。故填arebeinghit。5．考查介词。句意：例如，地势低洼的雅加达的情况非常糟糕，以至于印尼首都的位置正被尚未建成的努桑塔拉所取代。根据句意，此处用介词as，表示“作为”。故填as。6．考查形容词。句意：圣马可广场是这座城市地势最低的地区之一，被几英尺深的水淹没，这一令人难以置信的画面震惊了全世界的观看者。分析句子可知，此处考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”符合结构，astonish作宾语补足语，解释说明宾语onlookers的感受，用astonished“感到震惊的”。故填astonished。7．考查非谓语动词。句意：潮水最高达到海拔187厘米，导致80%以上的城市被水淹没。分析句子可知，“(result)inmorethan80%ofthecitybeingunderwater.”表示意料之中的结果，用现在分词形式。故填resulting。8．考查时态。句意：最严重的洪水事件发生在1966年，见证了水位上升到海拔194厘米，被认为至少损坏了该市四分之三的商店、企业和工作室。分析句子可知，see是主句谓语动词，由in1966可知，用一般过去时。故填saw。9．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，damage作主语补足语，bethoughttodosth.“被认为做某事”，用不定式作主语补足语，根据句意，damage这一动作先于谓语isthought，用不定式的完成式形式。故填tohavedamaged。10．考查连词。句意：尽管这些事件经过50多年的间隔，最近的趋势表明，我们不必等半个世纪就会看到另一场灾难性的洪水。根据句意，空处引导让步状语从句，故用while，although或者though引导让步状语从句。故填While/Although/Though。培优层级3——真题滚动训练=1\*ROMANI阅读理解1．A????2．C????3．B????4．D【导语】本文是说明文，春天的“封城”让巴塞罗那的街道和公园变成了一片充满野趣的田园，并激发了人们对城市与大自然关系的重新构想。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“theyfoundthatwhilethecityhadlaininactive,naturehadbeenbusytransformingthestreetsandparksintoawilderness.（他们发现，虽然这座城市一直处于闲置状态，但大自然一直在忙于将街道和公园改造成一片荒野）”可知，在去年6周的封锁期间巴塞罗那的环境变成了荒野。故选A。2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Paressaysthecouncilspenttheprevioustwoyearsworkingonplansto“naturalise”or“rewild”thecity—andwasabouttoannouncethischangeofpolicywhenthepandemicstruck.（帕里斯说，该委员会在过去的两年里一直在制定计划，将这座城市“自然化”或“再野化”——委员会正准备宣布这一政策变化时，疫情爆发了）”可知，过去两年巴塞罗那一直在研究让城市“自然化”或“再野化”的政策，因为疫情搁置。由此可知划线词指的新政策就是上文提到的“naturalise”or“rewild”thecity。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““InacitylikeBarcelona,it’sacaseofreplacingwhatexistswithgreeninfrastructure(基础建设),”saysLorenaEscuer（在巴塞罗那这样的城市，这是一个用绿色基础设施取代现有基础设施的案例’LorenaEscuer说）”可知,LorenaEscuer支持用绿色基础设施替换现有的基础设施。故选B。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段MargaritaPares说的话“There’snogoingbackfromhere.Thelockdowngaveusaglimpseofnatureinthecityanditsurprisedus(从这里没有回头路。封锁让我们得以一窥这座城市的自然风光，这让我们感到惊讶)”推知，MargaritaPares对再野化的态度是支持的。故选D。5．A????6．C????7．A????8．D【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和父亲去泰国的KindredSpiritElephantSanctuary保护区参观的所见所闻。5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Theeldest,TooMeh,hadspentmuchofherlifegivingtouristsrideswithaheavyironseattiedtoherback.”（最年长的TooMeh，她一生中大部分时间都在背上绑着沉重的铁座椅，载着游客骑行。）可知，TooMeh经历了艰难的岁月。故选A项。6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“KindredSpiritElephantSanctuarywasfoundedwiththegoalofprotectingthewelfareofelephants,andthatiswhythisplacedoesnotofferelephantridesorelephantperformancesofanykind..”（KindredSpiritElephantSanctuary保护区的成立是为了保护大象的安全与健康，这就是为什么这个地方不提供骑大象或任何形式的大象表演。）可知，KindredElephantSanctuary目的在于保护大象。故选C项。7．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Byprovidingsuchopportunitiesforvisitors,theplacegivesbacktothevillagebyhelpingthevillagersmakemoremoneyandlearnEnglish.”（通过为游客提供这样的机会，这个地方通过帮助村民赚更多的钱和学习英语来回馈村庄。）可知，村子能从这个保护区中得到更多的收入。故选A项。8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Lastfall,mydadandIvisitedKindredSpiritElephantSanctuary,whichislocatedinthemountainsofNorthernThailand.”（去年秋天，我和爸爸参观了KindredSpiritElephantSanctuary保护区，它位于泰国北部的山区。）及最后一段“Ifyouwanttoseeelephantsintheirnaturalenvironment,KindredSpiritElephantSanctuaryistheniceplacetogo.”（如果你想在自然环境中看到大象，KindredSpiritElephantSanctuary是一个不错的地方。）可知，本文讲述了关于一次在大象保护区参观的所见所闻。D选项“AVisittotheElephantSanctuary”（参观大象保护区）为短文最佳标题。故选D项。III.完形填空12．B????13．B????14．A????15．A????16．C????17．C????18．D????19．D????20．A????21．B????22．C????23．D????24．A????25．B????26．C【导语】这是一篇说明文，近一个世纪以来，人口从农村迁移到城市，出现了很多超大城市，文章主要讲述了超大城市导致的问题以及解决办法。12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个世纪前，东京都市圈的人口还不到伦敦的四分之一，如今却迅速增长至3400万，成为全球城市排行榜上的第一名。A.added增加；B.mushroomed迅速成长，大量涌现；C.responded回答，作出反应；D.adapted适应，调整。结合语境及下文“Tokyo’sphenomenalgrowth(东京惊人的增长)”可知，此处强调人口增长很快，mushroom符合语境。故选B。13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种从农村到城市的迁移在全球许多城市都可以看到。A.out-of-date过时的；B.rural-to-urban从乡村到城市的；C.close-to-bottom接近底部的；D.on-the-site现场的。根据上文“migrationfromthecountrysidetothecity”可知，人口从农村向城市迁移。故选B。14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1990年，大多数人生活在农村，只有10%多一点的世界人口生活在城市。A.cities城市；B.migr