2023年职称英语真题及答案综合A完整版

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～1５题,每题1分,共1５分)暂无下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Onlyｐeopｌeoｖer18arｅeligiｂletoｖote.A.hｏｎｅsｔ

B.quaｌｉfiｅdC.ｅnablｅd

D.cｌever2．Theｌａtestcａrmodelｅmbodiｅsthenewｒｅsearｃｈdｅｖeloｐｍｅnt.Ａ.ｌｉstｓ

B.ｉｎcluｄesC．bｏrｒows

D．bｒｏadenｓ3.Theｃoastalarｅahasverymiｌｄwinter,butｔｈecenｔｒａlplａinsｒemａｉnextreｍeA.ｓevereB.hardC．warm

D.dry４.Shｅｉsａnartisｔwhoseｗoｒkｗｉllunｄoubtｅｄｌyｗitｈｓtandthetestoｆtiｍｅ．A.grade

B．attｒaｃtＣ．bｅaｒ

Ｄ．suffer5.Heworｅashａbｂｙthiｎoverｃｏaｔinthecoldwinｔeｒｓotｈaｔｈefellｉll．A.old

B.bｉgC．neｗ

D.ｓmａll6.Theweatherwaｓｓogorgeousthatmａnyｐeopｌeweｎｔouting.A.uncontroｌlable

B．pｌｅａｓantC.clｏuｄy

D．uｎbearable7.Competitorsmuｓtａbiｄebｙｔhejｕdｇe'sｄecｉsioｎA.keep

Ｂ.ｒeadC.ｕnderｓtand

D.obey８．Theumｂreｌlａｗａsinｇｅniｏuslydevｉｓedtofoldｕｐintotｈｅpocket.A.seriouｓly

B．cｌeveｒlyC.atｔｅｎtｉvely

D.cａrｅｆully９.Soｍenewspaｐerｓinthｅwesｔａrenoｔabｌybiaｓeｄ.A.eｓpeciaｌly

Ｂ.whollyＣ.totallｙ

Ｄ.fairly1０．Hｉsanｓwerswereｏbscureaｎdconｆusinｇ.Ａ.uncｌear

B.ｏbviｏusC．cｌｅaｒ

D．ｄirｅｃｔ1１.ThewaｙshｅlookeｄafteｒheryoｕnｇsiｓterｗasreａllytｏｕcｈｉnｇＡ．disturbing

B.cｏnｎectｉｎgＣ．mｏvｉng

D.waving1２．Weａreｗorｒiedaboutthisflｕidsituaｔioｎfullwithunｃerｔainty.Ａ．stable

Ｂ.suitableC.chａngｅablｅD.adaptａbｌe13.Theｙhavebｕiltcanalstoｉrrigatetｈｅdesert.A.dｅcｏrate

B.cｈangeC．visiｔ

Ｄ．wａter1４．Tｈｅｄetailsｏftｈeｃostumｅwerｅtotalｌyauthｅntiｃ.Ａ.ｏutsｔａｎdinｇ

B.reａlC.creative

D.fａlsｅ１5.Tｈeｎｅwgａrmeｎｔfiｔｓherperｆectly．AcｌothｅsB.haircutC．pｕｒse

D.neckｌaｃｅ第２部分:阅读判断（第16～22题,每题1分，共7分）暂无下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;假如该句提供的是对的信息，请选择A;假如该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。IncｏmetaｘFｏrmaｎyｙｏungAmｅrｉcaｎs，grａduatiｎgfromcollegemeanｓfiｎdiｎgajob,movｉngouｔofｔｈｅdorｍroｏmａｎdbeginningtoｒｅgisterｏｎe'ｓａnnｕａlearningｓwithｔheUSｇoｖernｍent.ﻫThatｌastitｅmisthelaｗ,ｔhｏugｈsｏmｅｔimesit'saｈａssle（难事)toｏbey．

IｎｄeｐendenttaxadｖｉｓoｒBoｂGｉlberｔcaｌlｓtheUSinｃomeｔaxｓyｓtｅm"amazinglycoｍpｌｉｃaｔed".Butheadｄsｔhat"veｒylｉttlｅofthecomplicatedtaxlawａpｐｌiｅstoyounｇpeoplewhoａrｅjuｓｔｂeｇｉnninｇｔheiｒcarｅｅrs".ＡｃcoｒdｉnｇtｏGilbeｒt,80to９0ｐeｒcｅnｔofAｍｅriｃansａｒｅnｏtreａlｌｙｂｕｒdeｎeｄbythesystem'scomplｉcatioｎs.

Still，ａlｌthenumbersａndformsｃanｂealittleｃｏnfusinｇtｏtｈosｅwhｏarejｕｓtstartingtheirｃareers.Somｅｐulｌｏutｔheｉrcalculatoｒsaｎdtryｔodotｈemａtｈaloｎe.Soｍeｕseiｎcometａｘsoftwaｒe.ＯthersjｕsthaｎdtheｗholｅresponsibilｉtｙovertotaxfirｍslｉkeGilbｅrt's.AccordiｎｇｔoincoｍｅtaｘlａwexpertLinｄaＢeale,ｙouｎgｐeoｐlewｉllofｔｅnfolloｗtheiｒpａrents'leaｄｗhenfiｌlｉngtheirincomefoｒms.ﻫ＂Yｏungpｅｏplewhogrowupinwealthyhouseholdｓtypiｃaｌlyuseprｏfessionａltaxservicｅsbecausetｈeirparｅntsｈａvealｗayｓdｏnｅｓｏ,"sａidＢeaｌe,ａｐrofeｓsoratWａynｅＳtaｔｅＵｎiｖeｒsityｉnMichigａnSｔate.ﻫ"Onｔheotheｒhand,ｍosｔpooreryoungｐeｏｐlｅｐroｂａbｌytｒytodotheｉrownｔaxes，ｕnlessｔheｙｗaｎtａquick'refund'ｗithｔｈehelｐoｆataｘaｄvｉｓor".

Iｎｆact,obeyｉngｔhｅlawhasｉtsbenefｉｔs.Fｏroｎe,manｙｙｏungｐｅoplecａnexpecｔatａｘrefund.Thismeaｎsthａt,overthecourｓeofｔｈeyeａr,ｔheyhaveｐaidtoｏｍuchinｍonthlｙfederalｏrｓｔatetaｘｅsanｄarｅｅntitlｅdtotheｄiｆferencｅ．ﻫＢoｂThalman,a20-yｅａr-oｌdｕnｉversitｙｓｔuｄｅnt,eｘpｅctshewｉｌｌgｅtａrefundofabouｔ１００,whｉｃhwillprobablygointhebanｋ,ｏrperhａpsbeuseｄtopayｆorcarinｓｕrａｎceｏｒcreditcａrdbiｌlｓ．ﻫThalmaｎｃaｌlｅｄｔhｅwhoｌeｐrｏcｅssa"hａssle",buｔａdｄedthａｔheｄidｎ'ｔｗatｔotestｔhelａｗbyｎｏｔｆiｌlｉnｇhisinｃｏmetaｘpaperｓ.

"I＇mworｒiｅdaｂoutwhatwouldhaｐpeｎｉfＩfaｉｌｅdtoｆile，"hesaid．"Iknoｗｏneindiｖiｄuaｌwhodidnotreporthisｉｎｃomｅtaxformanyyｅaｒs,andhe'snｏwinｆedeｒaｌprisoｎ．Ｉceｒtａｉnｌｙdon’twantthａt."ﻫ１６.Ａcoｌlegｅstudentｗithaｐａrt－timｅjobisnotrequiredtofileａｎｉncｏmetaxfｏrｍ．

A．Ｒiｇhｔ

B.Wｒｏng

Ｃ．Nｏｔmenｔioｎedﻫ17.TｈeUSincometaｘsystemdoeｓｎotwｈｏllyapｐlｙtｏacｏllｅgeｇraduatewhoiｓjusｔbｅgｉｎnｉnｇhiｓorhｅrcaｒeer.ﻫA.RightﻫB．WrｏngﻫC.Nｏtｍenｔionｅｄﻫ1８.Ｉt'sｐｒettyｅasyｆorａbｅｇinneｒtorｅｐorthiｓｏrhｅｒincometax.

A.RightﻫB.WrongﻫC.Notmentｉoｎed

1９.Whenyｏｕngpｅｏplefilｅtheｉrinｃometａxfｏrｍ,thｅywillofteｎfollowｉntｈｅirparents'fｏoｔsｔeｐs.

A．ＲightﻫＢ.Wrong

Ｃ．Notmeｎtｉoned

2０.Youｎgpeopｌefｒomｐooｒerfamilieｓnｅeｄn＇tfilｅtheｉrincomｅtaxforms．ﻫA．RighｔﻫB.ＷｒｏnｇﻫC．Nｏtmentioned

21．Ifoｎeｈasfaiｌeｄtｏｒｅpｏｒthisorherｉncometaxforqｕitｅaｆｅwyearｓ，hｅorsheｍaybｅputinprison.

A.Rｉght

B.ＷrongﻫC.Notｍentｉoneｄﻫ２2.TheUSincometaxsｙstｅmwｉllbesｉmplifｉeｄiｎtｈｅnextfewyeaｒs.ﻫA.RiｇhｔﻫB.ＷrongﻫC.Notmentionedﻫ第3部分:概括大意与完毕句子（第２3～3０题,每题１分,共8分)下面的短文后有２项测试任务:(1）第23~２６题规定从所给的6个选项中为第２~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（２)第27~30题规定从所给的6个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。TｕnｇuskaEvｅnt1Aｈｕndredyeａrｓａgｏｔｈisweeｋ,agiganticｅxpｌosiｏnｒipped(撕裂）opｅntｈedaｙyaｂoveafｏrｅstｉｎwｅsternSiberｉa,leaｖingasｃｉｅｎtｉｆicriｄdｌｅｔｈateｎdurｅsｔothｉsdaｙ.2Ａdazzｌiｎgliｇhtpiercedｔheｈeａveｎs,followedbyａsｈoｃｋwaveａsstrongas1,0０0atｏmicbombｓ.Theｅｘｐｌosiｏｎｆlatteｎeｄ80ｍilliｏｎtｒｅesａcrｏssaｎareaof2,000sｑuarekｉlｏmeters.Ｔheｆireballwassogreatthat,adaｙlaｔer,Ｌoｎdｏnerscoｕｌdreａdtｈeｉｒnｅwsｐａpeｒsｕｎdertｈenigｈｔsky.Ｗhａtcausedtｈeso-cａlｌedTuｎgｕskaEｖent,nａmｅdａfｔｅrthｅnearｂyPoｄｋamennａｙaTungusｋaｒiver,stilｌreｍainsamyｓteｒy.3Ｅxpertｓｓusｐeｃtitｗasarockthaｔ,ａftｅrｔraveliｎgｉｎspaceｆoｒｍillioｎsofyears,ｗasdestｉnedtｏcraｓhtoEarthaｔeｘａctly7：1７a．ｍ.onＪuｎｅ3０,１90８.Ｔhｉspｏｓsibilitｙworriｅsscｉeｎtisｔs.“Imaｇｉｎｅａnｕnspｏｔteｄastｅrｏid(小行星)ｈiｔtｉngaｓiｇｎifｉcａｎtchunｋ(块)oｆlａnd．.．andimagｉneifthaｔａrｅa,uｎｌikｅTunguska，werｅpｏpulated，”tｈeＢritｉshｓｃiｅncejｏurnａlNatｕreｃommｅnｔedrecｅntly.4Bｕtnofragmentｓｏfｔhe“ｒoｃk”haｖｅeverｂeenfｏｕnd．Finｄinｇsｕchevｉdencewouldbeimpoｒtａｎt,foritwｏuｌdincreaseourknowlｅdgeaboｕttherｉskposeｄbyｄaｎgerousNeａrEarthObｊｅcts（ＮＥOs),sayＩｔａlｉaｎreｓearchｅrsＬuｃａGaspｅrinｉ,EnrｉcoBonaｔｔｉanｄGiuｓeｐｐeＬonｇo.WhentｈｅnextTunguｓkaNEOapproachｅｓ,ｓcientistswillｈavetoｄeｃｉdewheｔherｔotｒytodefｌecｔ(使偏转)itｏrｂlowiｔuｐinsｐacｅ．5Ｈowever,seｖeraｌrｉｖaｌtheoｒiｅｓfｏrｔheTuｎguskaEvｅntｅxist.ＷoｌfgａnｇＫunｄｔ,ａproｆeｓsoratGｅrmanｙ'sBｏnｎUnｉversity,ｂｅｌｉevesｔheTungｕskaＥvenｔwascaｕｓｅdｂyａmassiveesｃａｐｅof1０miｌｌｉontｏnsofmeｔhane(甲烷）-rｉｃhgasfromdeepwiｔhｉnearｔｈ＇scｒust．Somｅｐeoｐleholdｔhａｔtheexｐlosionｗascaｕsedbｙanaｌienｓpacｅsｈipcraｓh,orablａcｋholeiｎtheuniverse.23.Paragrapｈ２

C

2４.Paragｒａpｈ3

F

2５.Paragraｐh4

Ｅ

26.Paｒａｇraｐh５

AＡ.CompetingEｘplanａtｉoｎsB.UnkｎownAｔtacksC.MysteriｏusExploｓionD．ＳtaｒWarE.IｍportaｎceoｆＦindinｇEｖideｎcｅF.ExpｌanationthａtWorriesSｃｉentists27.

Theｇｉgａnticexplosｉｏｎｔhatｏccurｒｅdahｕndredyeaｒｓago

Ａ28．

Thｅｓhockwavewhichfolｌｏｗｅdtheｄazｚlinglight

D29.

ＴhehypothｅsｉｓthatｔhｅｅxplｏsionwascａusｅdｂyａrｏckcoｌlidiｎgｗｉththeEaｒｔh

B30．

WolfgaｎｇKuｎdt,whoｈaｓdｅvelopｅdanaltｅｒnａtiveｔheoryCA.hａsｒｅmainｅｄａpuzzleB.lａｃkssufｆicientｅvidenceC．ｉsaｕｎｉversityｐrｏfesｓｏｒD.wａsgenerａｔedbytheeｘｐｌosionE．wiｌlkｉlｌmａｎyaｎｉmalsF.ａreattackｅdbyaｌienｓ第4部分:阅读理解（第31～4５题，每题3分,共45分）下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题拟定１个最佳选项。第一篇ＳporｔsStarYaoMｉｎｇIfYaｏMingｉsｎotthebiｇgesｔｓｐｏｒtsstaｒinｔheｗorｌd,heｉsaｌmoｓｔceｒtainlytｈｅｔallest.At2．２6m,hｅistｈetａllestplayerinthｅNaｔionalAｓｓociａtｉoｎ(NBＡ）andholdsｔheｒeｃｏrdasｔhemosｔtowerｉnｇOｌｙmｐｉanevertｏcoｍpeteｉntheＧames.Ｂuｔwhatreａllyｓｔanｄsoutaboｕtｔhegiantｃenterishiscelｅbrity（名气).Ｆew,ifany,Cｈｉnｅsｅathletｅsareaｓwell－knoｗnａsYａoarouｎdｔｈeworlｄ.ＰeｏｐleaｃrosstｈegｌobｅaｒｅfascｉｎatｅｄwｉthYａo,notoｎlｙforｈisbasketbａllｐroｗesｓ(杰出的才干)butalsofｏrbｅinｇasyｍbolｏｆinternationａlcommeｒce.WｈeｎYａojoｉｎeｄtｈeＨｏustｏnRockｅtsaｓtheNo．１pｉckiｎｔhe２0２3NBAdraｆt（选拔),hewａstｈefiｒstiｎteｒnatｉonalplayｅｒevｅrtobesｅleｃtｅdfirｓt.Hisasseｔsontｈｅｃourtareclearenoｕｇh—noＮBＡplａyerofｈissｉzehaｓeveｒpossessｅdhismobｉlitｙ，sｏheisahandｆｕl(难对付的人)ｆｏｒｏpｐｏnenｔｓｏｎeithereｎdofｔｈecourt.BｕtwhaｔmakeｓYａoinvaluａbleｔoｔｈeRoｃｋetｓｏrganizａｔｉoｎishisrｏleａsａglobaｌcitiｚenaｎｄasabｒidｇeｔｏmiｌliｏnsoｆｐoteｎｔｉalbａsｋeｔbａllｆanｓinCｈｉna.WhｅniｔwａsannouncedinＦebruarytｈatＹaowoｕｌdmisstｈeｒestoｆtheNBAsｅasonanｄpossibｌytheＯlympｉｃswitｈａstｒessfracturｅ(骨折）ｉnhisleftfooｔ,ａｃolleｃtiveｓhｕｄder(震动）spｒeａdacｒossChina.Ａftercｏnsｉderaｂlｅｄebａｔeanｄdiｓcusｓion,Ｙａooptedｔogeｔhisfｏotsurgicaｌｌytreatedinanopeｒatioｎthａtplaceｄsｅvｅralｔｉnｙsｃreｗsａcrossthebｏｎe,toofｆerｈｉｓoverburdｅnedfoｏtmoｒesｕｐport.Theｓｕｒgerywａｓasｕｃcｅss,andthoughｔhｅesｔiｍateｄfouｒ-ｍonｔｈrecoveryｐeｒioｄwilllｅaｖｅｈiｍlitｔletimetｏprｅparｅｗitｈTeaｍChina，YaohasvowedｔobereａｄyｆortheBeｉjingOlｙmｐics．Ｙaｏwraｐpeｄuｐa10-ｄaytrｉptｏChｉna,ｗherｅheuｎderｗeｎtasｅrｉesｏftraditiｏnalChinｅsｅmedicine(TCＭ)treatmenｔs，ｈｏpｉnｇtｏacceｌerａteｈisreｃoｖeｒｙproceｓｓ．WｅsｔerｎeｘpeｒtｓａregｅnerａlｌyｓkeｐtiｃａlofＴＣＭ'ｓbenefiｔs,alｔhoughnewrｅsearｃhfromtheuｎiversityofRocｈestｅrsuｇgｅｓtsthatacｅrtaincomｐoｕndｄeｒivedfromshｅlｌfishmayspeｅdstimulａtebonerepaｉｒ．“TherｅisnｏreaｓｏｎｔodismｉｓsＴＣM,"YaｏｔoｌdaｐressconｆerenceinBｅijｉng.“It’sbｅenusedｉｎｏurcｏuntryforthousａnｄsofyearｓ.Idｏn'tthinktｈatit’sshoｒtonscienｃｅ．”31.

Thｅwoｒd"tｏwering"ｉnParagｒaph1meansA．

Iarｇe.B.

fat.C.

tall.Ｄ.

great.32.

ＯpponentsfｉndｉtverydifｆiculttocｏntrｏlYaoMiｎgbecausｅｏfhisA．

mobiｌiｔy．B.

ａssaultＣ.

deｆense.Ｄ.

ｃｅleｂｒity.３３.

YaoＭiｎghaｄtｏundergoａｓeriesofTCＭｔｒeatmentsbeｃaｕseA.

ｈisrｉgｈtfoｏthａdbeeｎhurting.B.

ｈewantedtｏｍakｅａmoreｒapidｒeｃovｅrｙ.C.

theｓurgicaloperationhadｂeenafailuｒe.Ｄ．

ｈｅcouldn'tafｆｏrdalltｈemｅdｉcaｌｅｘpｅnsｅs．3４.

WｈichstaｔｅmｅntaboｕｔYａｏＭingｉsNOTtrue?A.

ＨemｉｓｓeｄtｈｅAｔhｅnsOlｙmpiｃs.Ｂ.

HeｉsanNBAplayer.C．

Hefｒaｃturedhｉsleｆtｆoot.D.

Hｅｉｓａnｉnteｒnatiｏnalｆigｕrｅ.3５.

Iｎgｅneral,thｅＷｅsterｎexpｅrtｓ＇attitudetowardsTCＭisＡ.

indiｆfｅrent.B.

pｏｓｉｔｉve.C．

negａtivｅ．D.

doubtｆul.第二篇BlaｃｋＨolｅsTrigｇerSｔarstｏSelf-DesｔructSciｅnｔistｓhavelongundeｒｓtoodｔｈaｔsupｅｒmassiveblaｃkｈolesweighingmillionsorbillionsofsuｎscantｅａrapartstarｓtｈaｔcoｍｅtoocｌosｅ.Thｅblａｃkｈｏle'ｓgrａvitypulｌsharｄｅrｏnｔｈeneareｓtparｔoftｈesｔａr,anｉmbaｌancethatpuｌｌsthesｔａrapartovｅrａperｉodofminｕtesoｒhoｕrs，onceitgetsｃlｏseenougｈ.Scienｔistsｓayｔhisunevenｐullingiｓnottheｏnｌyhazardfaciｎｇthestar.Thestraｉｎｏfthｅseｕｎbaｌanｃedforcescａnａlsoｔriggeｒanｕｃlearexplosｉonpowerfｕｌeｎoｕghtoｄeｓtｒoｙthestａrfroｍwithiｎ.MatthieuBrassartanｄJean－PierｒｅLｕmineｔoftｈeObｓｅｒvａtｏiredeＰarisiｎＭeudｏn,Frａnｃe，caｒｒｉedoutcoｍputersimｕlａtioｎsoｆthｅfinalmomentsofsuｃhａnｕｎforｔunａtestar'ｓlife,asitｖeeredtｏｗａrｄsaｓuperｍasｓivｅblackhｏle.Whｅnｔhestargeｔscｌoseenｏugh,theuｎeｖｅnfｏrcesｆlatｔenitinｔｏapanｃaｋeshape.Somepreｖioｕssｔudieｓhaｄsugｇesｔedｔhisflatteningｗoｕldiｎcreasｅtｈeｄｅnsitｙanｄtｅmperａtuｒeinsideｔｈｅstarｅnoughｔotrｉｇｇerinteｎsｅnuclearreaｃｔioｎｓtｈaｔwoｕｌdtearitａpart．Buｔｏtherｓtudｉeｓhaｄｓuggesｔedｔhatthｅpｉctｕｒeｗｏulｄbecomｐliｃaｔedbysｈoｃkwａvｅsgeneratｅdｄuringtheflattｅninｇｐroceｓsandthatnonucleaｒｅxplｏsionｓhｏuｌdocｃur.Ｔhenewsimulatiｏnsinveｓtigatedtheeffecｔsofshockwavesinｄeｔail,andｆｏunｄthatｅvenwhｅntheirｅfｆectｓareiｎcｌｕded,tｈecoｎditionsfaｖoranuclearexｐlｏsion.＂Thereｗillbeanｅxｐlosiｏnofthestar—iｔwillbecｏmpletelydestｒoyeｄ,"Bｒassａrtｓａｙs．Althoｕghｔhｅeｘｐlｏｓiｏnobｌiteratesthestar，ｉtsavｅsｓomｅofthｅstar'ｓmatterfrombeｉngdevouredbytｈeblackhoｌｅ.Theeｘｐloｓiｏｎiｓｐoｗerfuleｎoughtoｈurｌmｕｃｈoftｈestar'ｓmaｔterｏutoftｈｅbｌackhoｌe＇sreach,ｈesays.Ｔｈedｅvoｕｒingｏfsｔarsbyｂlａckholesｍaｙａlreaｄｙhaｖｅbeeｎobsｅrｖｅd,althoughａtamuｃｈｌａtｅrsｔaｇe.Ｉtｉｓthoughtthatseveralmonｔhsaftertｈeeventthaｔｒiｐｓthesｔarapart，itsmatteｒstartsswirlingintotheholｅitsｅlf．Iｔheatsuｐａsiｔｄｏｅssｏ，reｌeasｉngulｔravioletｌightandX-rayｓ.Ｉfstａrsdisruｐtednｅarblackｈｏｌesreａllｙｄoexpｌoｄe,thenｔｈeycｏuldinpriｎcipleaｌｌowｔｈeseｅvｅntstoｂedetectｅdａtａmuchearlｉｅrsｔage，ｓaysJulesHalpernofＣoluｍｂiaUniverｓｉｔｙinNewYork,US.＂Itｍaｙmakeｉtposｓiblｅｔoseethｅdｉsｒuptionｏｆtｈaｔstａrimmｅdiaｔelyifiｔｇeｔshotenouｇh，"hｅｓayｓ.Braｓsartagrees.＂PｅrhaｐｓiｔｃanbeｏbservedｉnｔheX-raysａndgammａrays,butit'ssoｍethingthａtneeｄstoｂemoreｓtudｉeｄ,"hesays.SuperｎｏvareseaｒcherCｈriｓFryerｏfｔhｅLoｓAlａmoｓＮａｔiｏnａlLaｂoratoｒyinLoｓAlａmoｓ，NeｗMexiｃｏ，UＳ,saystｈeｄeathsoftheｓｅstaｒｓaｒeｄiffｉｃulttｏsimｕlaｔe,ａnｄheｉsnｏtsｕrewheｔherthereｓearcｈershavｅpｒｏvｅｎtheｉrCaseｔhatthｅyeｘｐlodｅintｈｅpｒｏｃeｓs．３6．Sｏmethinｇｄesｔruｃｔiｖecoｕldhａpｐentｏastaｒｔhａtgeｔstoocloｓｅtoablaｃkhole．ＷｈichoｆthefolｌowiｎgdestructｉｖestａteｍentｓisNＯTｍｅntioneｄintheｐassage?Ａ.Ｔｈｅblackｈｏlｅcouldtearapａrtｔｈesｔar.B.Thｅbｌaｃkhｏlｅcouｌdtrｉｇｇerａnｕｃlｅａrexplｏsioｎintheｓtar．C.Tｈeblａckｈolecｏulddwｉndleｉtｓｓiｚｅconsidｅrａblｙ.Ｄ.Thebｌackhｏｌｅcouｌddevｏｕrthesｔａr.37.Aｃｃordinｇｔｏthetｈirdparagｒaｐh,ｒeｓｅarcｈersdiｆfeｒedfroｍeacｈotherinthｅproｂlemofA．whethernuclearｒeactionwoulｄｏccｕr．Ｂ.wｈeｔhｅrthesｔａrswｏuｌdｉncreasｅiｔsｄeｎｓｉtyandteｍpｅratuｒe．C．whethｅrshockwavｅswouｌｄoｃcur.Ｄ.wｈethertheuneveｎforｃeswoｕldfｌａｔtenthｅstars．38．Accoｒｄingtoｔhefourthpaｒagraｐh,wｈichoftｈｅｆｏllowingiｓＮＯTtrｕe?Ａ.Noｎuｃｌeａｒeｘｐlosionｗouldbetriｇｇeredinsｉdeｔｈesｔaｒ.Ｂ.Ｔhｅstａrwｏuldbedestrｏyedcoｍpleｔｅｌy.C.Muｃｈoｆtheｓｔar’sｍａttｅrthrｏwnbytｈeeｘpｌosionwouldbebeyonｄtheｂlackhｏle’sｒeach.D.Tｈeblackhoｌewｏｕldcompｌetelｙdｅvourｔｈｅstar．39.Whatwiｌlhappenseverａｌｍontｈsaｆｔerｔheexplosioｎofthesｔar?A.Ｔhｅsｔａｒ’smaｔｔerｗillmovｅfｕrtherａwayfromｂｙtheblackｈoｌｅ.B.Thebｌａｃkhｏle’smaｔｔｅrwillｈeａtｕｐ.Ｃ.Thetorｎｓtａr’sｍatterwiｌlsｗirlｉｎtotheｂlackhｏlｅ．D.Ｔhｅbｌackhole’sｍatterwｉlｌｒeｌｅａｓeｕｌtraviｏletlightandX-rａys.40.Accorｄingｔｏthecontｅｘt,thewｏｒｄ“ｄisｒuption”inPａragraph6meansA.“Cｏnｆｕsion.”B.“Tｅariｎｇapart.”C．“Iｎterｒｕｐtiｏn.”D.“Ｆｌatｔeniｎｇ.”第三篇Don’tCounｔｏｎDungＣonservａtiｏnists(自然保护主义者)mａyｂeｍｉｓcalｃuｌatiｎgthｅnumbersoｆtｈethｒeatenedａnimaｌssuchａｓelephａnｔｓ，ｓayAfｒicａnandAmｅricａｎrｅsearcherｓ.Theerroroccursbeｃａuｓeofaflawｉnthewaytheyeｓtｉｍateaniｍalｎumbeｒsfromthｅｐiｌesofduｎｇ(粪）theｃreatuｒｅsleavebｅｈｉｎｄ.Thｅｍｉｓtakｅcouldｌeａｄreｓeaｒcheｒｓtothinｋthatthereａｒetwiceasmａｎyelｅphanｔsasthｅｒereａllyarｅinsｏmerｅｇｉoｎs，accｏrdinｇｔoAndrewPlumptrｅofｔheWildｌｉfeConｓｅrvaｔionSoｃiety(WCS)inNｅｗＹork.BioloｇiｓtＫatyＰａyneoｆCｏrｎｅllUnｉｖerｓiｔyinIthaca,NewYork,ａｇｒees.“Werealｌyneｅdtoｋｎｏｗelepｈantnumｂersａndｔheｅviｄｅncｅthaｔwｅhａｖeisquiｔeｉｎdiｒect,”saｙsＰayne,ｗhｏelｅcｔrｏnicallytｒackｓelｅphaｎts.CountinｇeｌepｈaｎtsfrompｌanｅsisｉmpoｓsibｌeｉnthｅvasｔｒaｉｎforｅstsoｆCentｒalAfrｉca.Soresearcherｓoftｅnestｉｍaｔeeｌeｐhａｎｔｎumbeｒsbyｃｏuntingdunｇｐｉlｅsinaｇivｅｎarea.Tｈeｙａlsoneｅｄtoknoｗｔhｅrateatwｈichｄungｄecaｙs:Ｂｅcauｓeit’sexｔｒemｅlydifｆｉcultｔodｅterminethｅserａtes，howｅｖer,resｅarchｅｒｓcouｎtiｎgｅlephantsinoneregionteｎdtorelyonstaｎｄａｒdｄｅcaｙｒaｔｅsestablishｅｄelsewhｅre.BuｔresｅaｒchersaｔtheWCSｈavefouｎdthatthisｄecaｙrateｖarieｓfromregiontoregionｄependｉngontｈeclimaｔeaｎdenｖｉroｎment．Usinｇｔhewrｏngvａlｕeｓcａnleａdｔhｅceｎsusaｓｔraｙ(离开正道),saysPlumｐtre.HeandｈｉscｏｌleagｕeAnthoｎyＣhifuNchanjｉsｔudieｄdｅcayinｇelephaｎtｄｕngintｈｅfoｒestsｏfＣaｍeｒoon.Thｅyfoundthatthedungdｅcayeｄbｅtweｅn55ａnd６５percｅntmoreｓlｏwlyｔhａnthedｕngiｎtｈｅrainfｏrestｓofneｉghｂouringGaｂoｎ.IｆreseaｒcheｒｓusｅｄｅcａｙratｅsfrｏmＧabontｏｃｏｕnｔeleｐhantsinCａmｅrｏｏn，tｈｅywｏbablｙfindmoｒeelephantsthanareａctuallｙaｒouｎd.TｈiscouldmeanｅｓtimatｅsｉnCaｍerｏoｎａreａtleasttｗiceashiｇhaｓthｏsedｅriｖｅｄｆroｍdecａｙraｔescalcｕlａtedloｃａlly,sａysPlｕｍｐtre.“Hoｗeveraｃcuｒａteyoｕrdungｄensityestimａtemiｇhtbe,tｈｅdecａyｒaｔecａnｓeverelyaffecｔtheresｕｌt.”Pｌｕmpｔreａlｓosaysthａtthｅdｕng-pｉｌecensusｓhoｕｌdbecarriedoｕtoｖeｒaregionｓiｍｉlariｎsizｅtoａnｅｌｅphａｎt’snａtｕralrange.Theusｕalｔechniqｕeofmｏｎitorｉngoｎlysｍａlｌ,protectｅｄａｒeaｓdistorｔｓnumbｅｒsbｅcaｕsｅeｌｅphanｔｓmoveinaｎdouｔoftheｓeｒeｇions,ｈｅｓays”Iftｈeelｅphanｔpoｐuｌaｔioniｎｃreasesｗithｉｎtheｐｒｏｔectedａrea，ｙoucanｎoｔdetｅrminewhｅｔheｒitisarｅａlincrｅaｓeorwｈｅthｅritiｓdｕeｔoｅleｐhaｎtｓmoｖingiｎbecａusetheyareｂeiｎgpoached(入侵偷猎）outside.”Ｐluｍptrｅsayｓthａtsimiｌarｐrｏｂlemｓmayａlsoaffectotheranimalcensusｓtudieｓthatreｌyoninｄiｒectevｉdｅnｃesuｃhasnests，trackｓｏrbｕrroｗs（地洞).41.

Tｈewoｒｄ"threateｎed"iｎthefｉｒｓｔsentencｅｏfｔｈefiｒstpａragｒａｐhcoulｄｂebestreplａceｄbyA."endangereｄ".B."frightｅned"．C.＂kｉlｌed"．D."angered＂．42.

Pilesofｄuｎｇｃan'ｔberelｉeduｐonｗhenitcomeｓtoestｉmaｔingｅlephantｎumbｅｒsbｅcａuｓeA.thｅyaｒedｉfferentｉnsizｅ.B.tｈｅyscaｔterallｏverｔhｅreｇion.C.tｈeｙａrediｆferｅntindｅcayrate.D.theyaredifｆerentinqｕalitｙ.4３.

Whydｏresearcｈerｓestｉｍateeleｐhanｔnumbｅｒsiｎａｎａreａｂyｃouｎtiｎgｄungpilｅｓ?Ａ.Ｂecauｓeelephantsareｄｉfficｕlttocaｔch.Ｂ．Ｂecａｕseitiｓnotpossibｌｅtocｏunteｌephａnｔsｆromａplanｅ．C.Ｂｅcaｕsｅiｔisnotposｓibｌetokｅeptrａckｏfｅleｐhantｓ.D．Becaｕsｅeｌｅpｈanｔsareshyanimals.44．

AccorｄiｎgtｏPlumptre,therｅgionｏｖｅrwhichaduｎｇ－piｌｅｃensｕsｉsｃａrrｉeｄoｕｔshouｌｄｂeA.smaｌlｅnougｈ.B.wellprｏtected.C.careｆullｙmonitoｒｅd.Ｄ.largｅeｎougｈ.45.

Thefirsｔword"Hｅ"inpａraｇrａph6rｅferstoA.AndrewPlumptre.B．KaｔyＰaｙnｅ．C.AｎtｈonyChifuNcｈanji.D.thewｒitｅｒｏfthｅaｒｔｉｃle.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题,每题２分，共1０分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有６个句子,请根据短文内容选择５组文字,将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章原貌。SａunａCeremｏｎｉal(典礼性的)ｂａthiｎghasexistedforthｏusaｎdｓｏfｙearsandhasmaｎyｆorms,oｎｅoｆｗhichisｔhesauｎａ．TheFinnsｈａveｐerfeｃteｄthestｅaｍbatｈ，orsauna,whichｍaｙbeｔaken,ｕsuallyinanｅnｃｌosedｒooｍ,ｂｙpourinｇwａteｒoveｒｈotrocksｏｒasadrｙheatｂaｔｈ.ＴheJａｐａnese,Greｅks,ＴuｒksａｎdＲusｓiansasweｌlasNａtiveAmeriｃａnshavefｏrｍsｏfｔhesweaｔbathinｔｈeｉｒbathingrituals.(46)DryｈｅaｔａndsteambathshaｄadvｏcａtesinａncieｎtＲomeandpre－ColuｍbｉａnAmericanｓuｓedｓｗeatlodgeｓ.Ｔheeaｒliestｓauｎaswerｅproｂabｌyｕndｅｒgrouｎdｃavｅsｈeatedｂｙafireｔｈaｔｎatｕｒalｌyfilledｗithsmokeasｃｈimneymaｋｉnｇwasunknownattｈattime.Afirｅkeｐtｉnaｆire－piｔwouldhｅａttherｏckwａlｌsoftｈecave.Afterrｅａｃhingｆulｌｈｅaｔ,thesｍokewasleｔoutofｔhecaveandtｈｅsｔoneｓwouldreｔａinhｅatｆoｒseveraｌhoｕｒs.Ａfｅwpeopｌeｔodayｓaｙthaｔtｈeｓmokeｓaｕna,“ｓavuｓauna”，isｔheｏｎlytrueｓaunaeｘperieｎｃeandｔhａｔallsauｎａsshoulｄhaveaｔlｅaｓtａbａｃkgrounｄodorｏｒsmｏke.(47）Toｄaｙmostｓaunａsusｅelｅctricstoves,althouｇｈｇasａndｗｏoｄ－buｒｎingｓｔovesareaｖailaｂle.Ｓaunaｓａｒｅrｅlaxiｎgandｓｔrｅssrelｉeviｎg.Thoseｗithmuｓcleacheｓorａrthrｉｔｉs(关节炎)maｙfiｎｄtｈattheheatrelaｘｅsmuscleｓａｎdreｌieｖespａinandinfｌammatioｎ(炎症).Asthmａ（气喘)patiｅｎtｓfindthaｔtheheatenlaｒgｅsairｐassagewayｓｏftheｌungandfａｃilitatesbreａthｉｎg.Sａunasdｏnotcuｒｅtｈecｏmmonｃoｌdbｕttｈｅymaｙｈｅｌｐtoalｌeｖiatecoｎgestｉoｎ(阻塞）aridsｐeｅdｒecovｅrytime．Thebody’scoreｔemperａｔｕreｕsｕａllyriｓesa1-2deｇreesｗhilｅｉｎthesaunａ,thusimiｔaｔｉｎｇａｓｌightfeveｒ.(48)Ｔhｅｓaunaｃoulｄbeｃonsｉderedtoｆoｌｌowｔｈeoldsaｙiｎｇ“ｆeｅdacoｌd,sｔａrｖeafｅveｒ”.Ｔheregularuseofａsauｎamayｄecreasetｈｅliｋｅlihoodofｇetｔingacoｌdinthefirsｔplaｃe.Saｕnaｉｓgooｄfoｒyourｓkｉｎasthebloodflｏwtｏtｈeskｉnincｒeasｅsandsweatingoｃｃurｓ.Adultsｓweataboｕt２lbsofwateｒperhouroｎaｖerageinaｓauna.Agoodsweatremｏvｅsｄｉrtaｎdgｒimefｒoｍpoｒesａndgiｖｅsｔｈeｓkiｎahealthygｌow.Tｈeｌossｉnｗateｒwｅｉghtistemporａryａsthebody’sphysioloｇｉcaｌｍeｃhanｉsmswillquicklyrestorepｒoｐerｖolｕmes.Tｈecarｄｉｏｖascularｓystemgetsａworkouｔａｓtheheaｒtmｕｓtpumpｈarｄerandfasｔertｏmｏｖebｌoodｔｏｔｈesｕrｆaceforheaｔexｃhange.(49)Heartratｅｍayinｃrｅasefrom72beatｓpｅrmｉnuｔeoｎaveｒagｅtｏ100-150beａtｓperminｕte.Ａnoｒｍalｈeartｃanhａｎdlethｅｓesｔresｓesbutthoseｗithheartｔｒoubｌeｗiｓｈinｇtobeginｔouseasauｎａshｏuｌdseeｋａdoｃtor’sａdvice.Theelderlyａndthoseｗitｈdiaｂetesshouｌdｃheｃkwｉthｔheirdocｔoｒｐrioｒtobeginningtotakeｓａunas．Pｒegｎantwｏｍeｎsｈｏuldｎｏｔtakｅｓaunas,particularlyiｎthｅｆiｒｓtthｒｅemoｎｔhs.(5０）Indeed,ｅvｅryｏｎeｊuststａrtｉnｇｏutshouldtaｋe