英语演讲选修课chaptertopic

Today’sscheduleChoosingatopicDeterminingthepurposeTipsforformulatingthespecificpurposePhrasingthecentralidea第1页/共30页第一页，共31页。SelectingatopicSpeechesoutsidetheclassroomtheoccasion,theaudience,thespeaker’squalificationsSpeechesinthepublicspeakingclassnodesignatedtopic第2页/共30页第二页，共31页。第3页/共30页第三页，共31页。Whatisasuitablespeechtopic?WorthwhileAppropriateLimitedinscope第4页/共30页第四页，共31页。SuitabletopicWorthwhilesignificantimplicationsfortheaudienceAppropriate

knowalot,liketolearnmoreLimitedinscopedividingthetopicintoseveralsignificantparts.第5页/共30页第五页，共31页。Determiningyourpurpose第6页/共30页第六页，共31页。Generalpurpose:thebroadgoal总体目标Toinform:conveyinformationenhancetheknowledgeandunderstandingTopersuade:advocateorpartisanChangeorstructuretheattitudesoractionsDifference:explainorexhortSpecificpurpose具体目标toinformmyaudienceabout…topersuademyaudienceto…Explain←→exhort第7页/共30页第七页，共31页。SpecificPurposeSpecificpurpose:(singleinfinitivephrasethatstatespreciselywhataspeakerhopestoaccomplishinhisorherspeech.).简单的肯定句Topic:EmergenciesGeneralpurpose:ToinformSpecificpurpose:Toinformmyaudienceofthemajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergency第8页/共30页第八页，共31页。TipsforformulatingthespecificpurposestatementTip1:Writethepurposestatementasafullinfinitivephrase(完整的短语）,notasafragment（片段）CalendarsToinformmyaudienceaboutthethreemajorkindsofcalendarsusedintheworldtoday.第9页/共30页第九页，共31页。历法主要分为阳历、阴历和阴阳历三种。阳历亦即太阳历，主要根据地球绕太阳一周为一年，现时国际通用的公历（格里历）即为阳历的一种，亦简称为阳历；阴历亦称月亮历，主要根据月亮绕地球运行一周时间为一个月（29.59059天），大月30天，小月29天，一年12个月354天或355天，伊斯兰历即为阴历的一种；阴阳历以月亮绕地球一周为1个月，但设置闰月，使得一年的平均天数与太阳年的天数相符，因此这种历法与月相相符，也与地球绕太阳周期运动相符合。农历就是阴阳历的一种。第10页/共30页第十页，共31页。Tip2

Expressyourpurposeasastatement,notasaquestion

陈述句•

Ineffective:IsChina’sspaceprogramnecessary?第11页/共30页第十一页，共31页。Moreeffective:TopersuademyaudiencethatChina’sspaceprogramprovidesmanyimportantbenefitstopeoplehereonearth.

第12页/共30页第十二页，共31页。Tip3Avoidfigurativelanguage比喻语言Toinformmyaudiencethatyogaisextremelycool.Toinformmyaudiencehowyogacanimprovetheirhealth.

第13页/共30页第十三页，共31页。

Tip4Limityourpurposestatementtoone

distinctidea,oronemainpoint

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Ineffective:ToinformmyaudienceaboutthedevelopmentsofAIDSandtherecenttestingproceduresforHIVinfection.

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Moreeffective:TopersuademyaudienceaboutthedevelopmentsofAIDS.ToinformmyaudienceabouttherecenttestingproceduresforHIVinfection.第14页/共30页第十四页，共31页。Tip5

Makesureyourspecificpurposeisnottoovagueorgeneral第15页/共30页第十五页，共31页。ExampleIneffective:

Topersuademyaudiencethatsomethingmustbedoneaboutmedicalcare.MoreEffective:TopersuademyaudiencethatthegovernmentshouldadoptasystemofnationalhealthinsuranceforallpeopleinChina.第16页/共30页第十六页，共31页。QuestionstoaskaboutyourspecificpurposeDoesmypurposemeettheassignment?CanIaccomplishmypurposeinthetimeallotted?Isthepurposerelevanttomyaudience?Isthepurposetootrivialformyaudience?Isthepurposetootechnicalformyaudience?第17页/共30页第十七页，共31页。Phrasingthecentralidea

(Alsocalledthesisstatement,subjectsentence,majorthought)

Whatisthecentralidea?Guidelinesforthecentralidea第18页/共30页第十八页，共31页。Whatisthecentralidea?Aone-sentencestatementthatsumsupthemajorideasofaspeech.Itiswhatyouwanttheaudiencetoabsorbfromyourspeech.Inpersuasivespeechesarguable,debatable,takeyourstanceIninformativespeechesrelativelyneutralandobjective第19页/共30页第十九页，共31页。Thespecificpurposeofaspeechiswhatyouhopetoaccomplish.Thecentralideaisaconcisestatementofwhatyouexpecttosay.第20页/共30页第二十页，共31页。ExampleOneTopic:EmergenciesGeneralpurpose:ToinformSpecificpurpose:Toinformmyaudienceofthemajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergency.Centralidea:Themajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergencyaresurveyingthescene,contactinganemergencymedicalservice,andstartingCPRifneeded.第21页/共30页第二十一页，共31页。ExampleTwoTopic:Alternative-fuelvehiclesGeneralpurpose:TopersuadeSpecificpurpose:Topersuademyaudiencethatthegovernmentshouldspeedupeffortstodevelopalternative-fuelvehicles.Centralidea:Developingalternative-fuelvehicleswillhelpreduceChina’sdependenceonforeignoilandwillhelpreduceairpollution.第22页/共30页第二十二页，共31页。GuidelinesforthecentralideaThecentralidea1.Shouldbeexpressedinafullsentence2.shouldnotbeintheformofaquestion.3.shouldavoidfigurativelanguage4.shouldnotbevagueoroverlygeneral第23页/共30页第二十三页，共31页。第24页/共30页第二十四页，共31页。Exercises:thecentralideaIneffective:ProblemsoffaddietsIneffective:Maldivesisanawesomeplaceforavacation.第25页/共30页第二十五页，共31页。MoreeffectiveonesAlthoughfaddietsproducequickweightloss,theycanleadtoseriousproblemsbycreatingdeficienciesinvitaminsandmineralsandbybreakingdownmuscletissueaswellasfat.Maldiveshasmanyattractionsforvocations,includingawarmclimate,excellentfood,andmanyhistoricalsites第26页/共30页第二十六页，共31页。SummarySelectingatopicDeterminingyourgeneralpurposeDeterminingyourspecificpurposePhrasingyourcentralidea第27页