英国历史早期征服史

BritainbeforeIceAgeandNomadicLife第1页/共26页第一页，共27页。EarliestSettlers(1)

—TheIberians伊比利亚人第2页/共26页第二页，共27页。Stonehenge石林第3页/共26页第三页，共27页。第4页/共26页第四页，共27页。NativePeople—TheCelts(700BC)FromtheBrythons(agroupofCelts)camethenameforBritain.TheCeltsremainedtribesmen.第5页/共26页第五页，共27页。TheRomanBritain(55BC—410AD)第6页/共26页第六页，共27页。第7页/共26页第七页，共27页。Hadrian’swallEmperorofRome(117-138)whosoughttoenddistinctionsbetweenRomeandtheRomanprovinces.DuringhisvisittoBritain(122),heorderedtheconstructionofHadrian'sWall.Hadrian’sWall哈德良长城第8页/共26页第八页，共27页。Hadrian’sWallKingHadrian(AD

76–138)Period:AD122-130Length:117kmWidth:3

mHeight:5to6mDefense:PhysicalfrontierUNESCO:WorldHeritageSite(1987)第9页/共26页第九页，共27页。InfluenceofRomanConquest

broughttheirRomancivilization罗马入侵对英国文化的影响.mkv

Broughtlanguage,Latin,markedthebeginningofthewrittenhistorybuilttowns,(e.g.LondonandYork)temples,theatersandbuildings;builtroadsandcultivatedland;introducedasystemofeducationandorganizedgovernment.broughtthenewreligion,Christianity,toBritainwaterandsewagesystems

第10页/共26页第十页，共27页。Anglo-SaxonInvasion(450AD---1066)

第11页/共26页第十一页，共27页。Heptarchy(600–800)ConversiontoChristianity(6th–8th)VikingInvasion(800–1066)KingAlfredtheGreat(849-899)MajorEvents第12页/共26页第十二页，共27页。2023/2/1213Heptarchy(600–800)1.Northumberland2.Mercia3.EastAnglia4.Essex5.Wessex6.Kent7.Sussex中国战国七雄：秦齐楚燕韩赵魏第13页/共26页第十三页，共27页。2023/2/1214VikingInvasion:TheRoute第14页/共26页第十四页，共27页。2023/2/1215VikingInvasion:VikingBoats第15页/共26页第十五页，共27页。2023/2/1216Heptarchy(600–800)1.Northumberland2.Mercia3.EastAnglia4.Essex5.Wessex6.Kent7.Sussex中国战国七雄：秦齐楚燕韩赵魏第16页/共26页第十六页，共27页。AlfredtheGreat(849-899)ThekingofWessex,atalentedstatesmanandsoldierandthegreatestfigureinthehistoryofAngle-SaxoninEngland,succeedinpushingtheDanesback.HeisoftenregardedasthefirstkingofaunitedEngland.HestartedtheAnglo-SaxonChronicle.第17页/共26页第十七页，共27页。NormanConquest:establishmentofFeudalism第18页/共26页第十八页，共27页。第19页/共26页第十九页，共27页。TheBattleofHastings

thewarbetweenWilliamandHarold,William’sarmyemployedprimarilycavalrywithcoatsofmail,whiletheHarold’sarmyconsistedmostlyofinfantry.ThetwoarmiesmetnearHastingsinSussexonOctober14,1066.Williamwonadecisivevictory,andHarolddiedinthebattle.第20页/共26页第二十页，共27页。TheNormanConquest

TheDukeofNormandy,William

ledhisarmytoinvadeEngland.InOctober1066,duringtheimportantbattleofHastings,WilliamdefeatedHaroldandkilledhim.OneChristmasDay,WilliamwascrownedkingofEngland,thusbeginningtheNormanConquestofEngland.hewasknownasWilliamtheConqueror,thefirstkingofAngle-Normankings.TheNormanConquestwasthelastinvasionofEnglandbyforeigners.

第21页/共26页第二十一页，共27页。★InfluenceoftheNormanConquest

ItmarkedtheformalestablishmentofFeudalismsysteminEngland第22页/共26页第二十二页，共27页。TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.WilliamtheConquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment..SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.RelationswiththeContinentwereopened,andthecivilizationandcommercewereextended.Norman-Frenchculture,language,mannersandarchitecturewereintroduced.第23页/共26页第二十三页，共27页。Doomsdaybook(英国土地志/最终税册)alsoknownasDomesdaytherecordofthegreatsurveyofEnglandcompletedin1086similartoacensusbyagovernmentoftoday.Williamneededinformationaboutthecountrysohecouldadministerit.Oneofthemainpurposesofthesurveywastofindoutwhoownedwhatsotheycouldbetaxedonit.ThenameDoomsdaycomesfromtheOldEnglishword“dom”,meaningaccountingorreckoning.第24页/共26页第二十四页，共27页。

Invaders

CulturalHeritageIberians3000B.C.—2000B.CStonehengeCelts700B.C.Scottish,IrishandWelshraceandculture,thenameofBritain,KingArthurRomans55B.C.—410A.D.Latinalphabetandlanguage,Christianity,roads,townsAnglo-Saxons450A.D.Englishraceandlanguage,kingAlfredtheGreat,thelegendofRobinHoodNormans1066FinalUnificationofEngland.Foundationofaristocra