1990年全国考研英语真题

1990I.Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablypletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET,(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaughttherainyesterday.A.inB.byC.withD.atANSWER:(A)l.Thosetwofamilieshavebeenquarrellingeachotherformanyyears.A.toB.betweenC.againstD.with2.Therearemanythingswhosemisuseisdangerous,buritishardtothinkofanythingthatcanbeparedA.inB.withC.amongD.by3."Howoftenhaveyouseencaseslikethis?"onesurgeonaskedanother."Oh,times,Iguess,"wasthereply.A.hundredofB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundred4.GivemeyourtelephonenumberIneedyourhelp.A.whetherB.unlessC.sothatD.incase5.Yousangwelllastnight.Wehopeyou#39;llsing.A.morebetterB.stillbetterC.nicelyD.best6.Thosepeopleageneralunderstandingofthepresentsituation.A.lackofB.arelackingofC.lackD.areinlack7.Aloneinadeserthouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefeltlonely.A.nothingbutB.anythingbutC.allbutD.everythingbut8.Gracetearswhensheheardthesadnews.A.brokeinB.brokeintoC.brokeoffD.brokethrough9.Sherefusedtothecarkeystoherhusbanduntilhehadpromisedtowearhissafetybelt.A.handinB.handoutC.handdownD.down10.MichaelfounditdifficulttogethisBritishjokestoAmericanaudiences.A.aroundB.overC.acrossD.down11.Thebookcontainedalargeofinformation.A.dealB.amountC.numberD.sum12.Nowadaysadvertisingcostsarenolongerinreasonabletothetotalcostoftheprod-uct.A.proportionB.correlationC.connectionD.correspondence13.Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehousetoherumbrella.A.carryB.fetchC.bringD.reach14.Wemustthattheexperimentiscontrolledasrigidlyaspossible.A.assure.B.secureC.ensureD.issue15.HewasknockeddownbyacarandbadlyA.injuredB.damagedC.harmedD.ruinedⅡ.Eachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswer.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachoftheques-tions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)1InMayl989,spaceshuttle"Atlantis"releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe"Megallan",whichisnowonher15-monthandone-billion-kilometerflighttoVenus.Anewphaseinspaceexplorationhasbegun.TheplaVenusisonlyslightlysmallerthanEarth;itistheonlyotherobjectinthesolarsystem,infact,thatevenesclosetoearth#39;ssize.Venushasasimilardensity,soitisproba-blymadeofapproximatelythesanlestuff,andithasanatmosphere,pletewithclouds.Itisalsotheclosestplatoearth,andthusthemostsimilarindistancefromthesun.Inshort,Venusseemstojustifyitslong-heldnicknameof"earth#39;stwin."ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusreachessome900F.Addedtothatisanatmosphericpres-sureabout90timesEarth#39;s:Highoverheadinthecarbondioxidethatpassesforairisalayerofclouds,perhapsIOto20milesthick,whoselittledropsconsistmostlyofsulfuricacid(H2SO4).Waterisallbutnonexistent.Bornwithsomanyfundamentalsimilaritiestoearth,howdidVenusgettobesoradicallydifferent:Itisnotjustanacademicmatter.Forallitsextremes,Venusisavaluablelaboratoryforresearchersstudyingtheweatherandclimateofearth.Ithasnoearth#39;soceans,sotheheattrans-portandothermechanismsaregreatlysimplified.Inaddition,theplaVenustakes243earth-daystoturnonceonitsaxis,soiningheatfromthesunisaddedanddistributedatamoreleisurely,observablepace.16.VenusissimilartoEarthinA.sizeanddensityB.distancefromthesunC.havingatmosphereD.alloftheabove17.ThegreatestvalueinstudyingVenusshouldbetoA.allowustovisitthereB.understandEarthbetterC.findanewsourceofenergyD.promoteanewspaceprogram18.ThemainideaofthispassageisaboutA.problemsofspacetravelB.scientificmethodsinspaceexplorationC.theimportanceofVenustoEarthD.conditionsonVenus2TouristsweresurprisedtoseeawomandrivingahugeorangetractordownoneofRome#39;smainavenues.Italy#39;spoliticalleadersandsomeofitsmaleunionchiefsaresaidtohavebeenevenmorepuzzledtoseethatthetractorwasfollowedbyabout200,OOOwomeninaparadingproces-sionthattookmorethanthreehourstosnakethroughcentralRome.Shoutingslogans,wavingflagsanddancingtodrumbeats,thewomenhadetothecapi-talfromalloverItalytodemonstratefor"ajobforeachofus,adifferenttypeofjob,andasoci-etywithoutviolence".Sofar,actiontoimprovewomen#39;sopportunitiesinemploymenthasbeentheprovinceofcollectiveindustrtalbargaining."Butthereisagrowingawarenessthatthisisnotenough,"saysaresearcheronfemalelaboratthegovemment-fundedInstitutefortheDevelop-mentofProfessionalTrainingforWorkers.Women,whoconstitute52percentofItaly#39;spopulation,todayrepresentonly35percentofItaly#39;stotalworkforceand33percentofthetotalnumberofItalianswithjobs.However,theirpresenceintheworkplaceisgrowing.Theemploymentofwomenisexpandingconsiderablyinservices,nexttothepublicadministrationandmerceastheirprincipalworkplace.Officialstatisticsalsoshowthatwomenhavealsomadesignificantstridesinself-employment.Moreandmorewomenaregoingintobusinessforthemselves.Manyyoungwomenareturningtobusinessbecauseofthegrowingoverallinemployment.Itisalsoafactthattodaymanyprejudiceshavedisappeared,sothatbanksandotherfinancialinstitutesmakejudgementsonpurelybusinesscon-siderationswithoutcaringifitisamanorawoman.Suchchangesareourringintheprofessionstoo.Thenumberofwomendoctors,dentists,lawyers,engineersanduniversityprofessorsincreasedtwotothreefold.Someofthechangesareimmediatelyvisible.Forexample,womenhaveappearedonthesceneforthefirsttimeasstatepolice,railwayworkersandstreetcleaner.However,thepresentsituationisfarfromsatisfactotythoughsomeprogresshasbeenmade.Abreakthroughinequalopportunitiesforwomenisnowdemanded.19.Theexpression"snakethroughcentralRome"probablymeans"tomoveA.quietlythroughcentralRome"B.violentlythroughcentralRome"C.inalongwindinglinethroughcentralRome"D.ataleisurelypacethroughcentralRome"20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.TherearemorewomenthanmeninItaly.B.InItaly,womenarechieflyemployedinservices.C.InItaly,womenarestillatadisadvantageinemployment.D.InItaly,abouttwo-thirdsofthejobsareheldbymen.21.About200,OOOwomeninRomedemonstratedforA.morejobopportunitiesB.agreatervarietyofjobsC."equaljob,equalpay"D.bothAandB22.ThebesttitleforthispassagewouldbeA.TheRoleofWomenisSocietyB.WomenDemonstrateforEqualityinEmploymentC.WomenasSelf-enlployedProfessionalsD.WomenandtheJobsMarket3"Theoldideathattalantedchildren"burnthemselvesout"intheearlyyears,and,therefore,aresubjectedtofailureandatworst,mentalillnessifunfounded.Asamatteroffact,theoutstandingthingthathappenstobrightkidsisthattheyareverylikelytogrowintobrightadults.Tofindthisout,l,500giftedpersonswerefolloweduptotheirthirty-fifthyearwiththeseresults:.Onadultintelligencetests,theyscoredashighastheyhadaschildren.Theywere,asagroup,ingoodhealth,physicallyandmentally.84percentoftheirgroupweremarriedandseemedcontentwiththeirlives.About70percenthadgraduatedfromcollege,thoughonly30percenthadgraduatedwithhonors.Afewhadevendroppedout,butnearlyhalfofthesehadreturnedtograduate.Ofthemen,80percentwereinoneoftheprofessionsorinbusinessmanagementorsemiprofessionaljobs.Thewomenwhohadremainedsinglehadoffice,business,orprofessionaloupations.Thegrouphadpublished90booksand1,500articlesinscientific,scholarly,andliterarymagazinesandhadcollectedmorethan100patents.Inamaterialwaytheydidnotdobadlyeither.Averageinewasconsiderablyhighera-mongthegiftedpeople,especiallythemen,thanforthecountryasawhole,despitetheir-parativeyouth.Infact,farfrombeingstrange,mostofthegiftedwereturningtheirearlypromiseintoprac-ticalreality.23.Theoldideathattalentedchildren"bumthemselvesout"intheearlyyearsisA.trueinallsensesB.refutedbytheauthorC.medicallyprovenD.abeliefoftheauthor24.ThesurveyofbrightchildrenwasmadetoA.findoutwhathadhappenedtotalentedchildrenwhentheybecameadultsB.provethattalentedchildren"burnthemselvesout"intheearlyyearsC.discoverthepercentageofthosementaUyillamongthegiftedD.provethattalentedchildrenneverbumthemselvesout25.IntelligencetestsshowedthatA.brightchildrenwereunlikelytobementallyhealthyB.betweenchildhoodandadulthoodtherewasaconsiderablelossofintelligenceC.talentedchildrenweremostlikeLytobeegiftedadultsD.whentalentedchildrengrewintoadults,theymadelowscoresⅢ.ForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabelledA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSrmET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(1Opoint)Nooneknowsforsurewhattheworldwouldbelikeintheyearxx.Manybookshavebeenwritten26thefuture.Butthe19th-centuryFrenchnovelistJulesVememaybecalledafuturologistinthefullest27oftheword.Inhisfantasticnovels"ATriptotheMoon"and"80DaysAroundtheWorld",hedescribed#39;withdetailtheaeroplaneandeventhehelicopter.Thesenovelsstillhaveagreatattraction28youngreadersoftodaybecauseoftheirboldimaginationandscientificauracy.Belowisadescriptionofwhatourlifewillbeintheyearxxaspredictedbya29writ-er.Inxx,inthehome,cookerswillbesetsothatyoucancookapletemealatthetouchofaswitch.Televisionwillprovideinformationonpricesatthe30shopsaswellasnewsandenter-tainment.Videophoneswillbringpicturesaswellas31totelephoneconversations.Machineswillcontroltemperature,lighting,entertainment,securityalarms,laundryandgardening.Lightingwillprovidedecorationaswellaswallpaper.Atwork,robotswilltake32mostjobsinthemanufacturingindustries.Workinghourswillfalltounder30hoursaweek.Holidayswillgetlonger;sixweekswillbethenormalannualholiday.Menandwomenwillretireatthesarlleage.Ourleisurewillbedifferenttoo.Thehomewillbeethecenterofentertainmentthroughtelevisionandelectronicgames.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants33theydotoday;al-sotheywillhaveamuchwidervarietyoffoodavailable.Therewillbeachangeoftastetowardsamoresavoury-flavoredmenu.Newsyntheticfoodswillforma34partofpeople#39;sdiets.Foreigntravelwill35;winterholidayswillbeemorepopularthansummerones.Alsonon-stopflightsfromBritaintoAustraliaandNewZealandwillbeeasilyavailableandmuchcheaper.Educationwillbeeincreasinglymoreimportantthaneverbefore.26.A.inB.ofC.aboutD.for27.A.senseB.meaningC.detailD.implication28.A.forB.ofC.onD.towards29.A.todayB.nowadaysC.present-dayD.present30.A.nearB.nearbyC.nearlyD.nearer31.A.noiseB.soundC.toneD.tune32.A.toB.awayC.offD.over33.A.thanB.asC.whenD.while34.A.usualB.popularC.dailyD.regular35.A.addB.increaseC.raiseD.ariseIV.Eachofthefollnwingsentencehasfourunderlinedparts.ThesepartsarelabelledA,B,CandD.IdentifythepartofsentencethatisinectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,witedownyourcorrectionnnthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(IOpoints)#39;EXAMPLE:Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecausethere#39;shardlysomethingJeft.ABCDANSWER:(C)anything36.Alicewashavingtroubletocontrolthechildrenbecausethereweresomanyofthem.ABCD37.Wewereverymuchsurprisedthatthevillagewassuchlongwayfromtheroad.ABCD38.John#39;schanceofbeingelectedchairmanofthemitteeisfargreaterthanDick.ABCD39."Wehavewonagreatvictoryonourenemy,"thecaptainsaid.ABCD40.Therearemanyvaluableserviceswhichthepublicarewillingtopayfor,butwhichABdoesnotbringareturninmoneytothemunity.CD41.ThelawIam.referringrequirethateveryonewhoownsacarhaveaidentinsurance.ABCD42."Iconsidereditahonortobeinvitedtoaddressthemeetingofworld-famousscientists,"ABCDsaidProfessorLeacock.43.Hewasseeingsomebodycreepingintothehousethroughtheopenwindowlastnight.ABCD44.Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmadehasnotexplainedtousyet.ABCD45.Eventhoughthechildrenpretendedasleep,thenurseswerenotdeceivedwhentheycamein-ABCDtotheroom.V.Fillintheblankswiththeappmpriatefnmtsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(IOpoint)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident(appoint)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointed46.Buyingclothes(be)verytime-consumingasyourarelyfindthingsthatfityounice-Iy.47.Theykeeptellingusitisofutmastimportancethatourrepresentative(send)totheconferenceonschedule.48.Imustcallyourattentiontothedirections.Readthemcarefullyandactas(in-struct).49.Emmasaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate(hear)fromyousoon.50.I(call)tomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn#39;t.51.IfGreghadtriedhardertoreachtheoppositeshore,we(nothave)topickhimupintheboat.52.Aftertwentyyearsabroad,Williamcamebackonly(find)hishometownseverelydamagedinanearthquake.53.Thelecture(begin),helefthisseatsoquietlythatnooneplainedthathisleav-ingdisturbedthespeaker.54.Thechildrenweresurprisedwhentheteacherhadthem(cloes)theirbooksunex-pectedly.55.Anewroadwillbebuilthere,andthereforeanumberofexistinghouses(havetodestroy).Ⅵ.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15points)56．你应该仔细核对全部资科，以防止严重错误。57．尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成c58．一切迹象说明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。59．只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。60．这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻报导。Ⅶ.TanslatethefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesunderlinedintoChinese.(20point)Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhymepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotherispetitive.Sociatscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.(61)Theywanttoexplainwhywepoesesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenocleararlswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureasnurture.".(62)Thosewhosuppqrtthe"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.(63)Thatourenvironmenthaslit-tle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispre-determinedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostpletel