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第=page44页,共=sectionpages44页Unit5HumansandNature课后练第I卷(选择题)一、阅读理解A
RisingnumbersoffemaleelephantsinMozambiqueinsouth-eastAfricaarebeingbornwithouttusks(长牙),accordingtoanewstudy.Thechangeisthoughttobearesultofyearsofhuntinginwhichelephantswerekilledfortheirtusks.Expertsthinktheyhaveevolved(进化)tobetusklesssotheyarelesslikelytobehunted.
Evolutionistheprocessbywhichlivingthingschangeovertimetobecomebetteradaptedtotheirenvironment.Inthecaseoftheelephants,animalswithnotuskshavesurvived(幸存)betterthanthosewithtusks.Thesurvivinganimalshavepassedonthatcharacteristictotheirbabies,resultinginmoreyoungelephantsthatdon'tgrowtusks.
Elephanttusksevolvedfromteeth.Theygraduallybecameatoolthattheelephantsusedtodigwaterhole,stripbarkfromteesandprotectthemselves.However,duringacivilwarthatlastedfrom1977to1992,Mozambiu'selephantpopulationreducedbyabout90%.Mostoftheanimalswerekilledbysoldierswhosoldtheirtusksformoney.
Duringthecivilwar,elephantsbornwithouttuskswereleftalonebyhunters,givingthemafarbetterchanceofsurvivingandpassingthischaracteristictotheirbabies.Beforethewar,18.5%offemaleelephantswereborntuskless,butthisroseto33%amongfemalesbornbetween1995and2004.Inordertosurvivewithouttusks,theresearcherssaytheelephantsarechangingthetypesofplantstheyeat.
Whethertheelephantshavetusksornotdependsonchangestotheirgenes(基因).Unfortunately,thegenechangesthatstoptusksgrowinghaveothereffects—theyaredeadlytoabouthalfofmalebabies.ProfessorRobertPringle,whoworkedonthestudy,hopesthatthespreadoftusklessnesswillstopastheelephantsarehuntedlessandthepopulationrecovers.2.Whatcause(s)elephantstoevolvetobetuskless?A.Foodshortage. B.Climatechange. C.Humanactivities. D.Naturaldisasters.3.Whatdoesthecivilwarbringtoelephants?A.Thedamagetotheirhome. B.Anincreaseinbirthoffemales.
C.Thesurvivalofthosewithtusks. D.Adecreaseintheirpopulation.4.WhatisRobertPringle'sattitudetothespreadoftusklessness?A.Favorable. B.Concerned. C.Confused. D.Frightened.5.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Nobuying,nokilling. B.Theelephantsaresuffering.
C.Elephantsevolvetolosetusks. D.Toprotectelephants,takeaction!B
Aviation(航空业)isamajorcontributortoclimatechange,andalsooneofthehardestplacestogiveupusingfossilfuels(矿石燃料).Newresearchsuggestswecouldreducethecarbonfootprintofjetfuelby165percentbymakingitoutoffoodleftovers.
Scientistshaveshownthatmakingjetfuelfromfoodwastecouldgreatlyreduceemissions(排放).Inarecentpaper,theyshowthattheirfuelmeetsaviationstandards(标准),andthey'vepartneredwithSouthwestAirlinestospeedupandstartflighttrialsby2023.
Wetwastelikefoodleftoversareenergy-rich,andpreviousresearchhasshownthattheycouldbeturnedintovolatilefattyacids(VFAs)andthenbemadeintojetfuel.Butdoingsoinawaythatwouldmeetstrictaviationstandardswasanunsolvedproblem.
ThenewwaydesignedbytheresearchersaddsextracarbontoVFA,turningthemintoparaffin(石蜡)thatisexactlythesameasthatfoundinstandardjetfuel.Amixtureof10percentbio-paraffinand90percenttraditionaljetfuelmetaviationstandards,andtheteamsaysit'slikelytogetofficialrecognitionsoon.
Itwasshownthatthenewbio-paraffinhadthepotentialtoreducegreenhousegasemissionsby165percentcomparedtostandardjetfuel,whichisfarhigherthanthe50to70percentreductionsachievedbypreviousbio-jetfuels.Mostoftheemissionsreductioncamefromtakingwetwasteawayfromlandfills(垃圾填埋场)whereitbreaksdownintoapowerfulgreenhousegas.
Therearelimitsonhowmuchofanimpactthenewfuelcouldhave,though.ThetotalenergycontentofallthewetwasteintheUSstillonlyaccountsforabout20percentoftheamountofjetfuel.However,findingawaytomakesociety'sleftoversintosomethingasvaluableasjetfuelwhilesignificantlyslashingitsenvironmentalimpactisamajorbreakthrough.Thepartnershipswithmajorairlinessuggestyesterday'sdinnermaysoonbeflyingyouacrossthecountry.6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Aviationisthehardestplacetogiveupusingfossilfuels.
B.Makingjetfueloutoffoodleftoverswillworsenpollution.
C.Energy-richfoodleftoverscanbeturnedintojetfueldirectly.
D.Scientistsdidn'tknowthewaythatwouldmeetstrictaviationstandards.7.Whycanthenewbio-paraffinreducegreenhousegasemissionsgreatly?A.ItismadebyaddingextracarbontoVFA.
B.Paraffinfoundinstandardjetfuelisexactlythesameasit.
C.Ithasmetaviationstandardsandhasbeenofficiallyrecognized.
D.Wetwasteistakenawayfromlandfillswhereitchangesintogreenhousegas.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"slashing"meaninthelastparagraph?A.Stopping. B.Reducing. C.Destroying. D.Balancing.9.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetomakingjetfueloutoffoodwaste?A.Supportive. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.二、阅读七选五HowNottoAnnoyWildAnimalsatNationalParks
Nationalparksaretreasuresthatofferpeoplethechancetoviewnativeplantsandanimalsintheirnaturalhabitat.However,asthenumberofvisitorsandwildlifepopulationsincreases,humansandanimalstoooftenfindthemselvesinclosedistance.
(1)
Rememberthattheanimalslivinginnationalparksarewild.Wildanimalscanbeunpredictableandinnationalparksandmanystateparks,theyarenotcontained.
(2)
Neverthinkthatitissafetogetclosetothem.
(3)
Stopbythevisitor'scenterandtakethetimetoreadaboutthetypesofwildlifeintheparkandwhattoexpect.Theparkservicepoststhesesignstoprotectyouandthewildlife.So,ifyouseethewarningsigns,takecare.
Makesureyougiveanimalsspace.Thegeneralruleistokeep25yardsawayfromallwildlife,andaminimumof100yardsawayfromwolvesandbears.
(4)
Ifyou'reouthikingandcomeacrosswildlife,stickyourthumboutandholditoutateyelevel.Ifyourthumbcoverstheentireanimal,you'reatasafedistanceawayfromthatanimal.
Somewildanimalslooklovelyandmaybeyouthinkhandingthemasnackortwowon'thurt.
(5)
Feedingwildlifeisabadideaandyouriskgettingabite.Plushumanfoodisnothealthyforanimalsanditmakesthemlearnthatpeoplearen'tthethreat.Thisbecomesaviciouscycle(恶性循环)thatresultsinpeoplegettingtoocloseandgettinghurt.Wildanimalshavealltheyneedtoeatintheirenvironment.
A.Butdon'tdoit.
B.Youcanfollowthe"ruleofthumb".
C.Innationalparks,therearewarningsignseverywhere.
D.Atcertaintimesoftheyear,wildlifecanbemorelively.
E.Soit'simportanttoknowhowtorespectwildlifeandstaysafe.
F.Inanotherword,theygoanywherewithintheparkastheyplease.
G.Youshouldalwayspackupfoodafterapicnicatthecampground.10.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G11.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G12.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G13.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G14.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空
Whenyoumeasurethedistancebetweentownsonfoot,andwalktoplacesthatyouthoughtcouldonlybereachedbycaranditwillchangeyourmind.
IliveinthesuburbnorthofSanFrancisco,and
(15)
isconsideredthemaintransportationformostpeoplehere.Istillrememberhow
(16)
IwaswhenIfirstlearnedtodrive.Whiledrivingwithmusicgently
(17)
myheart,Iwasfilledwithjoy.However,astimewentby,thatexcitement
(18)
.Ifeareddriving,andfeltworriedandupset.EveryoneseemstobeinmywayespeciallywhenIamina
(19)
.Onenight,adeerranoutfromthedark,knockedagainstmymovingcar,and
(20)
acrossthestreet.Ididn'tdaretogetoutofmycartoseeher.Cryingonthe
(21)
,Ihatedmycar.
WhenIjoinedthe21-daymindfulwalking
(22)
,Ibegantowalkwithamind.Duringthewalkingdays,Ismiledateverystranger
(23)
byme.IwalkedtothestreetsthatI
(24)
wouldnotpassthroughand
(25)
atinyfreelibraryonthesidewalk.Ibeganto
(26)
ifIhadreallylivedinthistownalltheseyears.It'sacompletely
(27)
townthatIknowsolittleabout!
Ifeltdeeply
(28)
forthewalkingchallenge.MaybeIwillsetfootonfarlandsagain,yetIknowthe
(29)
isrighthereandrightnow.15.
A.walking B.driving C.flying D.biking16.
A.anxious B.awkward C.excited D.ready17.
A.attacking B.hitting C.recovering D.comforting18.
A.wentdown B.spreadout C.fellapart D.tookover19.
A.mess B.way C.hurry D.corner20.
A.came B.jumped C.landed D.ran21.
A.wheel B.carpet C.street D.shelter22.
A.organization B.challenge C.schedule D.competition23.
A.standing B.judging C.passing D.dropping24.
A.obviously B.exactly C.normally D.formally25.
A.discovered B.built C.entered D.rented26.
A.comment B.question C.argue D.check27.
A.special B.similar C.quiet D.new28.
A.grateful B.hungry C.sorry D.doubtful29.
A.contribution B.wonder C.concern D.pressure第II卷(非选择题)四、选词填空-句子1.
ontheedgeof;pickup;runout;preparefor;
turnone'sbackon;carryon;breakdown;becoveredwith(1)Chinahasbeenmakinghugeeffortsto
theBeijing2022OlympicWinterGamesoverthepastfewyears.(2)Inthecompetition,allthecompetitorshavetouseupalltheitemsbeforethetime
accordingtotherules.(3)Makesurethatyousaveallyourworkonthedesktopincaseyourcomputer
.(4)Heisawarm-heartedmanandnever
thosewhoareintrouble.(5)Wildlifeprotectionareasprovideashelterforhundredsofwildanimalspecies
extinction.(6)Afterfloatingontheoceanforthreedays,thisboy
byalifeboatatlast.五、单句语法填空30.Fearsgrewthatthenumberof______(death)couldreach5.31.Maxishard-working,______(cheer)andhonest,whichmakeshimlikedbyalotofpeople.32.Peoplerushedintofloodedstreets
______
(rescue)strangerstrappedinthefloodwater,placingtheirownlivesatrisk.33.Theaudienceiswaiting
______
(anxious)toseewhichteamwillwin.34.Wewereimpressedbythe
______
(brave)ofthesoldierswhofightfloodsinHenanProvince.35.Charleswasamanofsettledhabitsand______routine.(flexible)36.Springisaseason______wearelearningnewrhythmsoflife.37.Oncethedamage______
theenvironmentisdone,ittakesmanyyearsfortheecosystemtorecover.38.Hehopesthattheoverseasstudentswillspreadthegoodwilland
______
(sincere)oftheChinesepeopletootherpartsoftheworld.39.Hislecturewassoexcitingthatit
______
(interrupt)continuallybycheers.六、语法填空40.
ColumbuswasborninaportcityofItalyin1451.Asateenager,helovedsailingandshowedgreatinterestingeography,
(1)
encouragedhimtobeginhiscareerasaseaman.
ColumbusinsistedonsearchingforadirectsearoutetotheEastIndies
(2)
sailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean.Aftercontinuousefforts,hereceivedsupportfromtheKingandQueenofSpain.On3August1492,hesetofffromSpainwiththreeships
(3)
(carry)about90sailors.Regardlessofmanychallengeshemetwithonthevoyage,Columbusmanaged
(4)
(keep)everyoneoutofdangerwithhisknowledgeandbraveryacrosstheoceanand
(5)
(final),on12October,peopleontheships
(6)
(spot)landinthedistance.ColumbuscalledthenativeslivingontheislandsIndiansbecausehebelievedthathewasintheEastIndies,
(7)
actuallytheplacetheyhadreachedwasAmerica.
Between1493and1504,Columbusfoundmorelandlater.Hismajor
(8)
(contribute)isthathe"discovered"theNewWorldand
(9)
(he)discoveryencouragedexplorerssuchasCaptainJamesCooktoexploreanddiscovermorevastareasoftheworld.Hisvoyagesopened
(10)
newchapteroftheAgeofExploration,aperiodwhichsawmanyimportantgeographicalfindings.Thisperiodalsoallowedforaninternationalexchangeofideasandcultures.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)七、单词拼写-单句41.Thoughbadlyf______(感到害怕的),sheremainedcalm.42.Hisstrengthliesinliteratureandhisfavoriteis______(诗歌).43.Shekeptlooking______(焦虑地)atherwatch.44.Themost______(有效率的)waytoplanistoputyourtasksinorderofimportance.45.______(诚实)playsanimportantroleinachild'sabilitytosucceedinschoolandlaterlife.46.Onceyoubelostinthe______(丛林),youcanonlydoityourself.47.Theyhavejustembarkedon(从事,着手)theirlateste______,whichistostudyabroadinEngland.48.ItisbelievedthattheChinesearmywouldcometotheir______(营救)soon.49.ItwasCaoChong
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