机电工程专业英语考试词汇

复习大纲-专业英语词汇1.TheEngineeringProfessionoccupation职业miningandmetallurgicalengineer矿业&冶金工程师practicalapplication实际应用theoreticalscience理论科学inclinedplane斜面experimentalmethodtoverifytheory用实验方法验证理论mechanicaladvantage机械增益work做功power动力；功率civilengineering土木工程hydraulicengineering水利工程sanitaryorenvironmentengineering公共卫生及环境工程sewersystem下水道系统trialanderror反复试错/试错法engineeringspecialty工程专业petroleumengineering原油工程aerospaceengineering航空航天工程electronicengineering电子工程apprenticeship学徒期operateormaintain操作及维护beawareof意识到engineeringspecialty工程专业2、IndustryandTechnologylawsofnature自然法则seasonsth风干finish精加工（抛光、上漆）；光洁度functionalrequirement功能性要求materialrequirements材料要求visualrequirements视觉要求durability耐用性elementsandprinciplesofdesign设计基础&原理colorandtexture颜色和纹理unity一致性variety多样性proportion比例性cottageindustry小作坊mass-production批量生产3、ModernManufacturingessentialofindustry工业要素materialresources物资资源humanresources人力资源capitalresources资金资源rawmaterial原材料finishedproduct成品process加工工艺logicalpattern逻辑图diemaker模工jig夹具（定位夹具）fixture夹具（工件安装夹具）millingfixtures铣床夹具lathefixtures车床夹具grindingfixtures磨床夹具assemblyfixtures装配夹具routing加工工序scheduling时刻表，进度表dispatching生产调度plantlayout工厂布局go/no-gogauge止通规4、AgileManufacturingagilemanufacturing敏捷制造briefoverview简要概述competitiveadvantage竞争优势dynamicteams动态团队virtualcorporation虚拟合作adaptabilityandversatility适用性&通用性leadtime订货到交货的时间just-in-time准时overheadcost管理费用5、LeanProductionleanproduction精益生产logisticsorganization物流机构supplychains供应链6、VirtualManufacturingvirtualmanufacturing虚拟制造modelandsimulation建模与仿真commondatamodel通用数据模型template模板nature/property/performance/characteristic特性，特征high-speedprocessingline高速加工流水线consumergoodsindustry消费品工业web-basedcollaborationtools基于网络的协同工具sustainablecompetitiveadvantage可持续的竞争优势7、ConcurrentEngineeringconcurrentengineering并行工程meetpre-determinedobjectives完成预定目标cross-functioncooperation交叉功能合作8、Generalconsiderationsprimemover原动（机）件windmill风车waterwheel水车turbine涡轮机steamengine蒸汽机internal-combustionengine内燃机electricgenerator发电机hydraulicpump液压泵aircompressor空气压缩机materialsprocessingmachinery材料加工机械generator发生器motor马达，电动机；engine引擎，发动机operator工作机powerplant电厂automobile汽车rotate旋转cylinder缸体crankshaft曲轴（crank曲柄）piston活塞burnedgases废气wedgingaction斜楔作用（wedgeprinciple斜楔原理）slider-crankmechanism曲柄滑块机构four-stroke-cycleenginewitheightcylinders八缸四冲程引擎inertia惯性torque扭矩、转矩speedfluctuation速度波动stall失速、熄火clutch离合器transmission变速箱（ratio速比；rate速率）rearaxlehousing后桥壳universaljoint万向接头spring弹簧flywheel飞轮shaft轴fastener紧固件constrainedparts约束部件distinctive显著的，明显的friction摩擦stiffness刚度mass质量，大批量displacement位移velocity速度acceleration加速度velocityratio速比power功率work功speedreducer减速器load负载，effort作用力9、ThesimpleMachinelever杠杆fulcrum支点leverageprinciple杠杆原理spokedwheel辐轮screwdriver起子、螺丝刀pulley带轮、滑轮rim轮缘looseend松端ofitsownaccord自行的，自然而然的fallout脱落drill钻头reamer铰刀machinetoolspindle机床主轴screw螺旋thread螺纹lead导程leadangle导程角screw-nutcombination丝杆螺母组合rectilinearmotion直线运动forceamplifier省力装置screwjack千斤顶highefficiency高效self-locking自锁fasteningdevice紧固装置screwconveyor螺旋输送器twistdrill麻花钻exertaninfluenceon对……施加影响10、Mechanismsintersection交点commonnormal公法线commontangent公切线lineofthecenter中心线purerollingcontact纯滚动conjugateprofile共轭轮廓cycloid摆线involute渐开线toothprofile齿廓pitchpoint节点pitchcircle分度圆（节圆）basecircle基圆positivedrive强制驱动equallyspaced等间距truncatedcone截锥11、Gearseaseofmanufacture制造的难易程度sensitivityofmaladjustment对失调的敏感性load-carryingcapacity承载能力center-distancevariation中心距变化Hob滚刀Pinion小齿轮/gear大齿轮Toothprofile齿廓regionoftoothengagement齿轮啮合区tooth轮齿；gear齿轮interchangeability互换性toothelement齿素线spurgear直齿轮helicalgear斜齿轮bevelgears锥齿轮wormgears蜗轮蜗杆planetaryanddifferentialgears行星齿轮和差动（差速）齿轮planetarygears行星齿轮ordinarygeartrain定轴齿轮系geartrain齿轮系backlash侧隙、回程误差pitchcircle分度圆circularpitch周节axialthrust轴向推力single-threadworms单头蜗杆leadangle导程角multiple-threadworms多头蜗杆geartrainsandreducers齿轮轮系和减速器speedreducers减速器12、CAMScams凸轮inversecammechanism逆凸轮机构angularincrement角增量linearincrement线增量uniformlyacceleratedandretardedmotion匀加速、匀减速运动harmonicmotion简谐运动simplependulum单摆13、Linkageslinkage连杆机构link连杆degreeoffreedom自由度four-barmechanism四杆机构drag-linkmechanism=double-crankmechanism双曲柄机构crank-rockermechanism曲柄摇杆机构initialposition初始位置extremeposition极限位置deadposition死点位置angularmomentum角冲量linkagesynthesis连杆机构合成graphicalandanalyticalmethod绘图法和解析法quick-returndevice急回作用quick-returnratio急回速比double-rockermechanism双摇杆机构functiongenerator函数发生器inversions机架变换stroke行程，冲程throwofthecrank曲轴偏心距、偏移量eccentric-and-rodmechanism偏心轮连杆机构spacelinkage空间连杆机构kinematicpair运动副turningpair转动副prismaticpair移动副cylinderpair圆柱副screwpair螺旋副sphericpair球面副14、BeltDrivebeltdrive带传动flatbelt平皮带creep蠕变initialtension初张力VbeltsV型带（三角带）V-shapedcrosssectionfittingV型横截面groovedbelt多楔带timingbelt同步齿形带transverseteeth横向齿15、Couplings,Clutches,Breakscoupling联轴器rigidcoupling刚性联轴器flexiblecoupling挠性联轴器clutch离合器break制动器windings绕组lineshaft主传动轴forwardandreverserotations正转和反转coefficientoffriction摩擦系数16、Bearingslostpower虚功film膜ring座圈（innerring内圈；outerring外圈）rollingelements滚动体cage=separator=retainer保持架single-rowradialballbearing单列径向球轴承cylindricalrollerbearing滚柱轴承needlebearing滚针轴承tapered-rollerbearing圆锥滚子轴承spherical-rollerbearing球面滚子轴承ballthrustbearing推力球轴承straight-rollerthrustbearing圆柱滚子推力轴承tapered-rollerthrustbearing圆锥滚子推力轴承linear-motionrollingbearing直线轴承gasbearing气体轴承self-inducedaerodynamicsfilm自感应空气动力膜journalbearing轴颈轴承jewelbearing宝石轴承sleevebearing套筒轴承aerodynamic（aerostatic）film空气动力（静力）膜helium氦hydrogen氢nitrogen氮journalbearing轴颈轴承planetarymotion行星运动hybrid混合的V-shapednotchV型槽Standardizedoff-the-shelfunits标准成品Lifeexpectancy期望寿命（expectancy-平均值）Closelimits狭窄的尺寸限（即尺寸精度高）Wristpins活塞销Joints接头Suspensionsystem悬挂系统Relativesliding相对滑动17、DesignEngineerandDesignMethodologyregimentaldiscipline系统化学科innermanifestations内在表现creativeurge创造欲望personaldesignmethodology个人设计方法basicguidelines基本指导方针layoutdesign总体设计designfollow-up后续设计documentation技术文献18、CreativeDesigncreativedesign创新设计emergentconcept新兴概念constructiveinduction结构归纳inferentialtheoryofleaning学习推演论routinedesign常规设计19、MechanicalEngineeringDesignsolidmechanics固体力学empiricalinformation经验信息professionaljudgment专业判断stress-strain-strengthrelationship应力/变强度关系20、IntroductiontoDrawingvisibleline可见轮廓线hiddenline不可见轮廓线dimensionline尺寸线extensionline尺寸界线centerline中心线cutting-planeline剖面位置线sectionline剖面线breakline断开线phantomline假想轮廓线orthographicprojection正交投影sectionalview剖视图dimensioning尺寸标注sizedimension定形尺寸locationdimension定位尺寸assemblydrawing装配图massproduction批量生产21、MetalMaterialshardness硬度tensilestrength抗拉强度compressivestrength抗压强度fatiguestrength疲劳强度ductility延展性toughness韧性elasticity弹性ferrousmetals黑色金属nonferrousmetals有色金属alloys合金carboncontent含碳量metallurgy矿业&冶金工业microstructure微结构coke焦炭ironore铁矿石limestone石灰石charge炉料hot-rolledsteel（HRS）热轧钢cold-rolledsteel（CRS）冷轧钢workinghard加工硬化sterlingsilver标准纯银aluminum铝heat-treating热处理toolsteel工具钢anneal退火temper回火casehardening表面硬化scale氧化皮quench淬火/淬硬22、FiveBasicMachiningTechniquesDrillingandboring钻\镗Turning车削Planing刨Milling铣Grinding磨Shaper牛头刨Planer龙门刨horizontallathe卧式车床verticallathe立式车床headstock主轴箱tailstock尾架，尾座tool-post刀架cross-slide十字滑板（溜板）saddle=carriage（马鞍型）轨道center顶尖machinetool机床turret转塔（五角or六角形）feedbox进给箱twistdrill麻花钻gearmechanism齿轮机构spindle主轴workpiece工件cuttingspeed切削速度surfacefinish表面光洁度roughingcut粗加工finishingcut精加工jaws卡爪chuck卡盘drilling钻boring镗screw-cutting螺纹切削transversemovement横向运动engage啮合lead-screw丝杠tap丝攻pitch螺距pitchofthethreads螺纹的螺距pitchcircle分度圆reversinglever反向操纵杆23、LaserMachininghighlydirectional高单向性coherent相干的propagate传播intense强度（光强），区别于strengthsolidlaser固体激光gaslaser气体激光semiconductorlaser半导体激光liquidlaser液体激光laser-beammachining（LBM））激光束机加工gaswelding气焊arcwelding氩弧焊resistancewelding电阻焊laserwelding激光焊24、Computeranalogcomputer模拟计算机digitalcomputer数字计算机integratedcircuit集成电路hardware硬件centralprocessingunit（CPU）中央处理器inputdevice（IO）输入设备storagedevice存储设备outputdevice输出设备operatingsystem操作系统programming编程assemblylanguage汇编语言binary-based二进制基础的parallelprocessing并行处理25、DevelopmentHistoryofComputerUseinteractivecomputer-aideddesign交互式计算机辅助设计real-timecapability实时能力computeraideddesign计算机辅助设计（CAD）computeraidedmanufacturing计算机辅助制造（CAM）26、ComputerIntegratedManufacturing（CIM）computerintegratedmanufacturing计算机集成制造inventoryinformation库存信息computerintegratedproductionplanning&control计算机集成制造计划与控制manufacturingmanagement制造管理27、Automationprincipalmeans主要方法automation自动化spotwelding点焊spraypainting喷漆feedbackcontrolsystem反馈控制系统decision-making决策buildingblock结构单元adaptivecontrol适应控制errordetectionandrecovery误差检测与修复flexible柔性的（反义词：rigid）instruction指令humanintervention认为干预28、ArtificialIntelligenceartificialintelligence人工智能characterrecognition特征识别knowledgeacquisition知识获取decision-makingalgorithm决策算法29、MechatronicsMechatronics机电一体化/机电工程Mechatronicsengineering机电工程Sensor-basedfee