英语复合句的用法及解题技巧-1

英语复合句的用法及解题技巧在高考试题中，复合句占有较大的比例，复习时应该注意：１．倡发散思维，忌单向思维，考各种从属句，常常是不同类型的连接词语正误连缀而至，如果不抓住这一点，不从多方面思考选择，就容易以偏概全，误入歧途。２．弄清主从复合句中的每一个从属连接词的意思、用法、主句与从句在时态上的呼应、语气、是否需要倒装、固定搭配及逻辑常识等。３．熟记句型及特殊表达形式。４．注意各分句之间的特点以及区别。５．注意有些连接词的省略情况及省略后某些语序发生的变化。总之在做习题时，不能生搬硬套，一成不变，要全方位的思考，摸清出题者的意图，灵活机动，随着不同的语言而变化。一、状语从句：状语从句又可分为时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、行为方式、条件、让步及比较等几种形式。１．I'llgowithyouassoonasI____mywork.A.willfinishB.shallfinishC.finishD.finished选Ｃ．在时间、条件状语从句中，主句可能是祈使句、一般将来时或带情态动词，从句用一般现在时。如果主句是过去将来时，从句可以用一般过去时。能够引导时间状语从句、条件状语从句的从属连接词，常见的有：when,until〔tiy,directly,unless,aslongas,suppose等。如：〔１〕Unlesshecomes,wewon'tbeabletogo.〔２〕Supposeitgoesonraining,whatshallwedo?〔３〕LuXunoftensaid,"AslongasIamalive,Ishallgoonstudying."２．Nosooner_____thenewsthantheyrushedoutintothestreet.A.theyheardB.theyhadheardC.didtheyhearD.hadtheyheard选Ｄ．nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…before表示"—…就"，主句一般用过去完成时〔had+V-ed〕，从句用一般过去时，如果hardly,nosooner,scarcely放句首，主谓倒装。３．Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,____(MET'91)A.hisworksarenotwidelyreadB.buthisworksarenotwidelyreadC.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyreadD.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread选Ａ．这是一个让步状语从句，主句与从句之间有一个从属连词although(though)，不能再加but,however,still等，但可以和yet连用。４．Nomatterhowhardheworked,____〔８４年〕A.hecouldnotdoanybetterB.andhecouldnotdoanybetterC.sohecoulddoanybettesD.buthecouldnotdoanybetter选Ａ．由nomatter引导的让步状语从句，其主句也不能再用but,and,so等并列连接词。５．____hemight,hefailed,A.TryasB.AstryC.TriedasD.Astried选Ａ．为了强调让步的意义，表示出非常强烈的对照，用as或though引导的让步状语从句，从句的语序要作部分调整，即把句子受强调的表语、状语或动词原形置于从句的句首。如果表语是单数可数名词，移置句首时，名词前不用冠词。如：〔１〕MuchasIlikeit,Iwillnotbuyit.〔２〕Childassheis,sheknowsalotofEnglish.６．Didthetwoboyslooksomuchalike____noonecouldtellthemapart?A.andB.thatC.asD.sothat选Ｂ．目的状语从句的表达："主＋谓＋that(sothat,inorderthat)＋主＋may(might,can,could,shouldn't等)＋谓"。７．____MrSmithiswellagain,hecantravel.A.NowthatB.ButthatC.AndthatD.Sincethat选Ａ．nowthat相当于since。表示原因状语从句的连接词常见的有because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat等。８．Itwas____ahundredpeoplelookedlostinit.A.solargearoomthatB.solargearoomC.suchlargearoomthatD.asuchlargeroom选Ａ．引导结果状语从句：so＋adj(adv)＋that从句so＋adj＋a(an)＋n＋that从句such＋a(an)＋adj＋n＋that从句表示"这样……〔一个〕……以至于……"。９．Theharderheworked,____hefelt.A.happierB.thehappierC.thehappyD.thehappiest选Ｂ．the＋比较级＋主＋谓，the＋比较级＋主＋谓，意思是"越……越……"。二、定语从句定语从句是在复合句中使其修饰的某一名词或代词代表一个〔些〕或一类特定的人或东西。在做定语从句的练习时，首先应该找出先行词，然后再确定选择关系代词或关系副词。能够引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词有who,whom,whose,that,which,when,why,where。１．Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintobermouth.(MA.itB.whichC.thisD.that选Ｂ．在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词用which不能用that。２．Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwiondows,mostof____hadn'tcleanedforatleastayear.(MET'90)A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which选Ｄ．如果选Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ，整个句子不符合语法要求，因为有一个"逗号"，不是并列句，因此只能是一个非限定性定语从句，在非限定性定语从句中关系代词一般用which。３．Hisparentswouldn'tmarryanyone____familywaspoor.(MET'88)A.ofwhomB.whomc.ofwhoseD.whose选Ｄ．因为whose作family的定语。４．Finallythethiefhandedineverything____hehadstolentothepolice.(MET'87)A.afterB.whatC.whateverD.that选Ｄ．因为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ不能引导定语从句。先行词everything，关系代词that在从句中作宾语。当先行词是不定代词all,anything,nothing,everything,something等，关系代词只能由that引导。５．All____isneededisasupplyofoil.(MET'89)A.thethingB.thatC.whatC.which选Ｂ．All作先行词，关系代词由that引导。６．InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.〔８５年〕A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which选Ｄ．question是先行词，在从句中作主语，所以which引导。７．Theman____talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.〔８０年〕A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what选Ａ．先行词是man。在从句中作主语，所以选who。８．Theword"write"hasthesamepronunciation____thework"right".〔８４年〕A.ofB.asC.toD.from选Ｂ．先行词中含有such,thesame时，或先行词被such,thesame修饰时，关系代词用as引导。９．Watchthegirlandherdog____arecrossingthebridge.A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that选Ｄ．当先行词含有"人"和"物"时，关系代词用that。１０．Thisdictionary,afewpages____aremissing,isofnouse.A.amongwhichB.ofwhichC.whichD.inwhich选Ｂ．dictionary是先行词，which是关系代词，afewpagesofwhich(diciotnary)。１１．Youmaytake____bookyoulike.A.whichB.onlyc.whicheverD.what选Ｃ．复合关系代词本身兼有先行词。whichever=anythingthat,whatever=anythingthat,whoever=anyonewho,whomever=anyonewhom,whosever=anyonewhose。１２．Thisisthebestdictionary____I'veeverbought.A.withwhichB.thatC.whichD.when选Ｂ．先行词是dictionary，因为先行词前有最高级、序数词、only,very,any等修饰时，关系代词用that。１３．Istillremembertheday____IfirstcametoBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where选Ｃ．先行词theday，在定语从句中作状语，所以选when。当先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，关系词选用when或where,that或which，主要取决于在定语从句中所作成份，如果作宾语，用that或which，作状语用when或where。如：〔１〕Istillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespentinthecountryside.先行词是thedays,spent是及物动词，that/which作spent的宾语。〔２〕ThisistheplacewhereIlivedthreeyearsago.先行词是place,lived是不及物动词，where在从句中作状语。〔３〕Thisistheplacethat/whichwevisitedthreeyearsago.先行词是place,visited是及物动词，that/which在从句中作宾语。１４．____,CharlesDickenswasanEnglishwritetr.A.It'sknownntoallB.It'sknownthatC.WeallknowD.Asisknowntoall选Ｄ．as引出非限定性定语从句，表示"正如……那样〞。类似的还有：asyouknow,asyousee,ascanbeknown,ashasbeenpointedout,asisknowntoall等。１５．Idon'tliketheway____youlaughedather.A.whichB.inthatC.whereD.that选Ｄ．先行词是theway，表示方式，可用that〔可省〕或inwhich来引导一个定语从句。如果先行词是时间或原因，也可用that〔可省〕或when或why来引导定语从句。如：〔１〕Thiswasthereasonthat/whyhewaslateyesterday.〔２〕ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.三、名词性从句：在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语与同位语的句子分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，这些统称为名词性从句。１．Canyoumakesure____thegoldring?(MET'90)A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput选Ｃ．在宾语从句中，须用陈述句自然语序〔即疑问词＋主语＋谓语〕。主句是现在时，从句也亦用相应的一类时态，现在完成时。２．Thesephotographswillshowyou____(MET'89)A.whatdoesoutvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike选Ｂ．"show"后面接一个宾语从句，Ａ，Ｃ语序不合，Ｄ答案:中的how是副词，不能作like的宾语。３．Theywanttoknow____dotohelpus.(MET'88)A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey选Ｂ．know后面接一个宾语从句，Ａ，Ｄ语序不合，Ｃ答案:中的how是副词，不能作do的宾语。４．Theyhavenoideaatall____.(MET'87)A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone选Ａ．根据宾语从句语序。５．Canyoutellme____?〔８５年〕A.Whoisthatgentlema