国际音标课件设计

？？？为什么要学习音标？Phonetics（音标）26个字母读音AaBbCcDd

EeFfGg[eɪ][bi:][si:][di:][i:][ef][dʒi:]HhIiJj

Kk

LlMmNn[eɪtʃ][aɪ][dʒeɪ][keɪ][el][em][en]OoPpQq

RrSsTt[əʊ][pi:][kju:][a:][es][ti:]UuVvWw

XxYy

Zz[ju:][vi:][‘dʌblju:][eks][waɪ][zed]

[zi:]音素和音标

元音20个：声带震动、

音素:语音的最小单位气流不受阻碍辅音28个：气流受阻碍，声带震动为浊辅音，声带不震动为清辅音。

音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。

音节:

一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节.开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+e:name,bike,home,due,

plane,shineb)辅音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three,hello闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,let,mad,mapb)元音+辅音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant重读音节：任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节，哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号“’”.元

音vowel

单元音(12个）长元音5个：[i:]

[ɜ

:]

[a

:][ɔ:][u:]短元音7个：

[ɪ][e][æ][ə][ʌ][ɒ][ʊ]双元音(8个)[eɪ][aɪ][əʊ][aʊ][ɪə][ɔɪ][eə][ʊə]

e:meconvenientshehewe

eveningprocedureee:sweetbeefreezingsheepsleepthreegreenfreekneeseekeepteenageragreeea:meatreadleafseapeateacheatcleanteacherstealspeakie,ei,eo,ey:piece,series,ceiling,peoplekeyseizethief发/i:/音的字母组合

i---hislittlesistersittinginmiddlehitkidEnglishpigfishfifteensixshipthinJewishtipNazilonelinesse---beginbehindjacketbasketballthepreparerecoverrepeatlonelinessy---happyheavybusylorrycarrysunnylovelystudythirsty

twentythirty

windy

rainylonelyhealthydustydirtymerryey---monkeymoneyay---SundaySaturdayFriday/ɪ/----字母组合比较：读一读下列的单词，注意区别/i

:/

和/ɪ/

1.it--eat

2.he—hit

3.fill—feel4.seat—sit

5.tree—trip6.bit—bee

7.sheep—ship8.deed—did9.live—leave10.feed—fit11.pea—pit12.rid—read13.street—strict14.sleep—slipe:eggbelldesklegredpetthentenpenbedbegspellspellbindupsetNetherlandssecondlyelevatorpetrolwestwetea:breadheadbreakfastdeadsweatai:again发/e/音的字母组合归纳：

a:dadhatcapbagcatcanbadappleflaghandrabbitantblackfathasstandratmapAmsterdamexactlygasgradualvocabularylatterAfricanSpanishtrapglacieraltitudegraduatecongratulation发/æ/

音的字母组合归纳：

读一读，比较/æ/

和/e/

1.bat--bet2.pat—pet3.bag—beg4.sat—set5.lack--neck6.sad—said7.bad—bed8.dad—dead9.lad—led10.fat—fedo---soncomecolourlovemoneyfrontmonkeywonderu---upsetupstairscutsunnutjumpgumusbusbrushsupperduckduskunderstandsubjectundertakeou---touchcousincountrydoubletough发/ʌ/

音的字母组合归纳：发/ɑ:/音的字母组合归纳a---grassglassclassplantdancefastfatherlasthalfanswerar---carcardstar

armparkpartparticipateMarchhardgardendarkscarfbarkau---laughauntear---heart发/u:/音的字母组合归纳o---dowhowhoseoo---coolfoolschoolfoodmoontoosoonpoolshootui---fruitjuiceu---rulerrudeincludeconcludeou---soupoe---shoe

发/ʊ/音的字母组合归纳：o---womanwolfoo---lookgoodbookfootwoodclassroomu---bullbullet

发/ɔ:/

音的字母组合归纳：a---waterwalletaw---drawstrawberrylawlawyersawal---ballwallcallsmallswallowhallor---orhorsemorningcornforkshortforminformoor---floordoorour---foursource

course

pourresource

au---autumncaughtdaughtercausebecausear---warm发/ɔ

/音的字母组合归纳o---foxcoffeedogshopstopdoctorofficesorrygota---watchwhat发/ə:/音的字母组合归纳：er---herservetermGermanir---birdgirlskirtfirstdirtyskirtshirtur---nurseThursdayturtlepurplecurtainhurtpurseear---earlylearnor---wordworkworld发/ə/音的字母组合归纳er---teachercleverbrotherdinnerfathersisterrulerangerhungerar---sugarbeggaror---doctorinventorvisitora---panda

aboutabovecamerasofaChinae---opensystemrecentlyfrightenbroadensharpenure---picturenaturecultureagriculture5.I

thought

a

thought,butthethought

Ithoughtwasn’tthethoughtIthoughtIthought.IfthethoughtIthoughtIthoughthadn’tbeenthethoughtIthoughtIthought,thenIwouldn’thavethoughtsomuch.元

音vowel

单元音(12个）长元音5个：[i:]

[ɜ

:]

[a

:][ɔ:][u:]短元音7个：

[ɪ][e][æ][ə][ʌ][ɒ][ʊ]双元音(8个)[eɪ][aɪ][əʊ][aʊ][ɪə][ɔɪ][eə][ʊə]

Readthefollowingtonguetwisters.1.

Can

you

can

a

can

as

a

canner

can

can

acan?2.

I

wish

to

wish

the

wish

you

wish

to

wish,

but

if

you

wish

the

wish

the

witch

wishes,

I

won't

wish

the

wish

you

wish

to

wish.

3.

I

scream,

you

scream,

we

all

scream

for

ice-cream!

4.

Thatblackladwasverysadbecausehisdadhaddiedinabadaccident.

双元音双元音是从第一个元音的位置向第二个元音滑动。双元音共有8个，即：/aɪ//eɪ//au//əu//ɔɪ//ɪə//ɛə//uə/

发/aɪ/音的字母组合归纳i---kitebikenicetigerwriteideaknifefivesmileshiney---bycryflymyskytrywhyspyslydenyie---tiepiedielieuy---buyigh---lightmightrightsighsightnighthigh发/eɪ/音的字母组合归纳a---cakemakenamegamesnakegatelazymajorfatehategratefulai---raintrainwaitpaintfaintmainremainplainSpainay---dayMayplaytodaywayOkaylaystaysaypayea---greatbreaksteak发/au/

音的字母组合归纳ou---housemousemouthtrousersaboutroundcloudow---flowercowhownowdowntownpowercrowded发/əʊ/音的字母组合归纳o---noserosepoemoldoverhellonotesmokecokecoldoa---boatcoatsoapgoatfloatcoachow---showwindowsnow

bowllowslowflowknow发/ɔɪ/音的字母组合归纳oi:oilboilcoinpointspoiloy:boytoyjoyenjoydestroyannoy发/ɪə/音的字母组合归纳ear:earheartearyeardearnearappeardisappearcleareer:deerbeerpioneerengineerea:realreallye:seriesere:heresevere发/eə/音的字母组合归纳air:airhairchairpair

ear:pearbearwearere:therewhereeir:theirheirare:daresharecarecareful发/ʊə/音的字母组合归纳oor:poorour:tour

ure:sure

Now,readthefollowingtonguetwisters1.Thereisnoneedtolightanightlightonalightnightliketonight.

2.Tentinytigerstiedtentinytiesontheirtinytails.3.Anoiseannoysanoyster,butanoisynoiseannoysanoystermore!4.Themanwithfairhairdarenotrepairtheirchairtherebecausethereisabearthere.辅音（consonants)清辅音：[p][t] [k] [f] [s] 浊辅音：[b][d][g] [v]

[z] 清辅音：[∫][t∫][tr] [θ][ts]浊辅音：[3] [d3][dr] [ð]

[dz]半元音：[w][j]

似拼音：[l][h][r]

鼻音：[m][n][ŋ]

[p]possiblepolitepayopenproperprepareproblempleaseplayplane[b]bikebakebusboybeebankbringbreakbrightblowblueblockblame[t]teatietowntoytakelikedhelped

[d]daydogduckdeathplannedstudied

[k]kitecakecoatcloneblackblockbackpackantiqueunique[g]getgogoodgaingatherghostguestguidedialogue[f]finefate

knifewifelifephotophonelaughcoughenough

photoflyfloatfreshframe[v]veryvisitarrivecavefiveviavictory[s]seesightclassexcitingsaycitynicestopslikeseggs

slowslipsnowsmartspeakskyschoolstudy[z]zoodesignexamexampleexactlypenscarsenjoyspays[]think-thought-thoughtthingmouth

thankthin[ð]these–thosethetheythenthan[]showshoutshakeshineoceansure[ʒ]pleasure,

televisiondecisionmeasurerevision[t]teach—teachermuchMarchcatchmatch[dʒ]geographygiantGermangestureGeorgeorangecagebridge

judge

jacketjet[tr]truetraytraintreetrytrunktraditiontraffictransporttradetranslationtraveltreattrend[dr]drawdrydrilldriverdressdramadragondrugdropdrum[ts]kitesplatesdots

[dz]addstowardsstands[m]MayIhavesomemilk,mum?[n]Noraknowsthenewcomer.nightnosenowknowknowledgeknifeLondonEasternwoolen[ŋ]ringsingsongkingspeakingbankrank[h]havehothatehousewhowhole[r]readwritewrong[l]land

littlemiddlecastlepuzzleworld[w]wallwaitwhenwhywhatwhether[j]

yesyellowyearyouryawnyell

1、音的浊化：以sp-,st-,sk-开头的音节，清辅音/p//t//k/分别要发浊辅音/b//d//g/。speakspyspendspoilspillspareSpain

studystaystandstoodstraightstageschoolskirtskateskyskiing语音的基本常识

2、不完全爆破：爆破音[p][b][t][d][k][g]后面紧跟另一个爆破音时，前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍，而不能完全读出。

e.g.basketballperfectdoctorexactlyactive

stoppedliked

语音的基本常识语音的基本常识3、连读：(1)在一个短语或句子中，如果相邻两词的关系相当密切，而前一个词以辅音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，辅音和元素连在一起读。alotofgetridofnotatallPleasestandinalinetobuytickets.I’mafraidshewon’tagree.Therearetwocatsonthetable.Helaythereasifhewasdead.语音的基本常识3、连读：(2)为使说话流畅，词末尾元音可以和词首元音连读。Tomistheonlysonoftheoldcouple.Heworksdayinanddayout.（3）以r-或re-结尾的单词，r一般不发音，但当后面接元音时r或re发/r/，并与后面的元音连读：Ilookedforithereandthere.4、意群的停顿：对于一个较长的句子，可以根据意思和结构将其分成几群,一个意群必须一口气说完。Millionsofotherstars/arebiggerandbrighter/thanthesun.Oneofourteachers/isgoingtospeak/atthemeeting.Whathehasdone/isgreat.Theyoungman/askedmetheway.Heopenedthedoor/andwentout.Ilostmywatch,/whichwasagiftfrommybestfriendSally,/whileIstayedinLondon.语音的基本常识

5.辅音连缀：一个单词中有两个或更多的辅音连在一起，叫辅音连缀;发第一个辅音时轻而短，发第二个辅音时重而长。不要在两个辅音之间加入元音，也不能吞掉任何一个辅音。/sm/smokesmilesmell/sn/snakesnow/bl/blackblueblowblameblock/gl/glassglanceglad/gr/grassgrowgrandfather语音的基本常识

/fr/freefromfreshframe/fl/flowfleshflyflame/tw/twintwelve/pl/pleaseplayplainplot/pr/properpreparepresent

proposalproblem/st/westlastbest

/ft/leftgiftswift

/kst/textmixed/ld/fieldbuildcontrolled/ks/lakesfaxlikesbikes

语音的基本常识

6.动词或名词词尾加-es/-s或-ed/-d时发音规则。(1)加-es/-s动词或名词词尾加-es/-s的辅音连缀应注意以下三点：①以清辅音结尾（/s/、/t/、/∫/、/t∫/除外）的名词加复数词尾及动词加第三人称单数-es/-s时，应发成清辅音/s/。如：名词：desks，cups，snakes，tips动词：takes，slips，looks，helps②以浊辅音（/d/、/z/、/dʒ

/除外）或元音结尾的名词加复数结尾及动词加第三人称单数-es/-s时，应发成浊辅音/z/。如：名词：wives,apples,dogs,ideas动词：ties,

frightens,moves,performs③以/s/、/∫/、/ｔ∫/、/z/、/dʒ/音结尾的名词加复数及动词后加第三人称单数-es/-s时，应发成/Iz/。如：名词：classes,bushes,watches,oranges动词：brushes,catches,rises,ranges(2)加-ed动词词尾加-ed的辅音连缀要注意以下几点：①以清辅音结尾（/t/除外）的动词，词尾加-ed发清辅音/t/。如：helped,watched,looked,jumped。②以浊辅音（/d/除外）或元音结尾的动词，词尾加-ed发浊辅音/d/。如：appeared，explained，harmed，owned。③以/t/、/d/结尾的动词词尾加-ed读作/id/。如：defeated，founded，imported，loaded。英语语音基本常识7:语调降调：