区域经济一体化

Chapter5

RegionalEconomicIntegration

区域经济一体化由NordriDesign™提供Lesson1SummaryofRegionalEconomicIntegration

区域经济一体化概述1.TheMeaningandDevelopmentofRegionalEconomicIntegration

区域经济一体化的含义和发展1.1Definition定义Regionaleconomicintegrationistwoormorecountriesinthesamegeographicareatointegrateintoasupranationalentiretywithhighlycoordinativeeconomyandtrade.Tosafeguardtheircommoneconomicandpoliticalinterests,thosecountriespursuelong-termandsteadysupranationaleconomicalregulationinthewaysofsigningcertaintreatyoragreementbetweengovernments,takingcommoneconomyandtradepoliciesandevenfoundingjointorganizationundereachgovernment’sauthorization.LOGO22.MainFormsandFeaturesofRegionalEconomicIntegration区域经济一体化的主要形式及特征2.1Dividedbyscopeofintegration

2.1.1DepartmentalIntegration

部门一体化Itreferstotheintegrationofoneorseveraldepartmentsofthemembercountriesintheunion,suchasEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunityformedon25thJuly,1952andEuropeanAtomicEnergyCommunityformedon1stJan,19OverallIntegration

全盘一体化Itimpliesthatalltheeconomicdepartmentsofmembercountriesareintegrated,suchasCMEA(CouncilofMutualEconomicAssistance)foundedbytheSovietUnionandEasternEuropeancountriesanddisbandedin1991.32.2Dividedbyeconomicdevelopmentlevelofmembercountries2.2.1HorizontalIntegration水平一体化

Itreferstotheintegrationofcountrieswithsimilarorcloselevelofeconomicdevelopment.Outofthepracticeanddevelopmentofregionaleconomicintegration,mostofexistingunionsareinsuchform,suchasEuropeanUnionandASEANFreeTradeArea.

2.2.2VerticalIntegration垂直一体化

Itreferstotheintegrationofcountrieswithdifferentlevelofeconomicdevelopment,suchasNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement.2.MainFormsandFeaturesofRegionalEconomicIntegration区域经济一体化的主要形式及特征42.3Divideddegreeofregionaleconomicintegrationandremovaloftradebarriers2.3.1PreferentialTradeArrangement优惠贸易安排Itistostipulateespeciallypreferentialtariffofallorpartofthegoodsbysigningagreementbetweenmembercountriesorothermethods.Thisisthemostlow-levelandlooseformofeconomicintegration.ThereareexamplessuchasAfricanTimberOrganization,Canada–UnitedStatesAutomotiveProductsAgreement,andAssociationofSoutheastAsianNationsthatformedafterwars.2.MainFormsandFeaturesofRegionalEconomicIntegration区域经济一体化的主要形式及特征52.3.2FreeTradeArea自由贸易区Itreferstothetradeareathatconsistsofcountriesandregionswhohavesignedfreetradeagreement.Membercountrieshavemutuallyeliminatedtariffforeachotherandremovedthenon-tarifftradebarrierssothatgoodscanflowfreelybetweenthecountries.Butthereisnocommonexternaltariffandmembercountrieschargerespectivetariffonnon-membercountries.2.MainFormsandFeaturesofRegionalEconomicIntegration区域经济一体化的主要形式及特征62.3.3TariffAssociation关税同盟Participatingcountriesintariffassociationentirelyremoveallthetariffandnon-tarifftradebarriersbetweeneachotherandchargecommontariffonnon-membercountries.Tariffassociationhasinitialsupranationalnature,suchasBenelux.1)CommonMarket共同市场Commonmarketmeansthatallmembercountrieseliminateallthebarriersoftariffandquota,chargecommontariffonnon-membercountries,andallowfactorsofproductiontomovefreelyamongmembercountries.EuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)hadbeenclosetothisformin1970.2.MainFormsandFeaturesofRegionalEconomicIntegration区域经济一体化的主要形式及特征72)EconomicUnion经济同盟

Besidesfreedomofmovementofproductsandfactorsofproductionandcommonexternaltariff,economicunionsalsoenablemembercountriestoformulatecommoneconomicandsocialpoliciestograduallyeliminatedivergenceandpromoteintegrationtoalevelofholisticeconomy.

3)CompleteEconomicIntegration完全经济一体化Basedupontherealizationofeconomicunion’smission,completeeconomicintegrationisthehigheststageofeconomicintegration.Theintegratedunitshaveunifiedallthemajoreconomicpolicies,suchasfiscalpolicy,monetarypolicy,welfarepolicy,agriculturepolicyandpolicythatrelatedtotradeandmovementoffactorsofproduction,andhavecorrespondingorganizations,e.g.unifiedcentralbank,toexecutecommonexternaleconomicpolicies.

2.MainFormsandFeaturesofRegionalEconomicIntegration区域经济一体化的主要形式及特征8

Lesson2MajorRegionalEconomicUnions

主要区域经济一体化组织1.EuropeanUnion，EU欧洲联盟Intermsofnumberofmembers,EUisthelargestfreetradeareaintheworld,andisalsoaregionaleconomicandpoliticalunionwiththehighestlevelofregionalintegration.EUisnotonlyacommonmarket,butisalsoaneconomicandpoliticalunionhavingunifiedmonetaryandsocialpolicies.91.1TheUnifiedEconomicPolicyofEU欧盟的统一经济政策1.1.1Establishcustomsunion,eliminateinternaltariff建立关税同盟，取消内部关税Atthesametimeofeliminatinginternaltariff,memberstatesapplyacommonexternaltariffonindustrialandagriculturalproductsfromnon-memberstates.1.1.2CommonAgriculturalPolicy实施共同农业政策TheCommonAgriculturalPolicy’spricecontrollingsystemensuresthepricesofagriculturalproductstobefluctuatingwithin“targetprice”and“interventionprice”bymeansofEU’spurchasinganddelivery.ThepolicyinvolvesapplicationofVariableLevyonsomeimportedagriculturalproductsandsubsidiesonexports.EuropeanAgricultureGuideandGuaranteeFundswereestablishedtopromotethemechanizationandmodernizationofagriculture.101.1.3CommonMarket统一大市场

Since1993,theEUhasbeenrunninganinternalmarketcoveringanon-boundaryarea,wherethegoods,people,servicesandcapitalcanmovefreely.1.1.5EuropeanEconomicArea“欧洲经济区”

On1stJan,1994,theEuropeanEconomicAreawasofficiallyestablishedtoallowfreemovementofgoods,services,capitalandpeople.

1.1TheUnifiedEconomicPolicyofEU欧盟的统一经济政策111.1.4MonetaryUnion建立欧洲货币体系

AEuropeansinglecurrencywaslaunched.Nationalcurrenciesofmemberstateswereexchangedatfixedrateinternallyandatjointfloatingrateexternallysothatarelativelystableexchange-ratesystemwasformed.TheEuropeanMonetaryFundwasfoundedtoprovideshortandmediumtermloanstomembercountrieswiththeobjectivesofforeignexchangemarketintervention,stabilizationofexchangerateandadjustmentofinternationalpayment.On1stJan,1999,theEuropeansinglecurrency,theEuro,startedtobeusedindomestictradefollowedbyeuronotesandcoinsbeingissuedin2002.1.1TheUnifiedEconomicPolicyofEU欧盟的统一经济政策122.NorthAmericanFreeTradeArea北美自由贸易区On1stJan,1989,withtheUnitedState-CanadaFreeTradeAgreementcomingintoeffect,theUnitedStates-CanadaFreeTradeAreawasestablished.ThetheUnitedStates-CanadaFreeTradeAreacomprisetwocountries,theUnitedStatesandCanada.Itsgoalsweretoeliminateallbarrierstotradeofgoodsandservices,investment,commerceandtravel,toprovidecodeofconductforbothgovernmentssoastoregulatethebehaviorofprivateenterprisesandgeneraleconomicpolicyofgovernment.13On1stJan,1994,withtheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementscomingintoeffect,theNorthAmericanFreeTradeAreawasestablished.

Thecoreoftheagreementwastoreduceandeliminateallthetariffofbilateraltradeintenyearssince1989to1998.TheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementssupersedetheUnitedStates–CanadaFreeTradeAgreementwiththeadditionofMexico.TheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAreawasaregionaltradegroupestablishedbytheUnitedStatesallyingCanadaandMexico,servingitspurposeofcounteringagainsttheEU.2.NorthAmericanFreeTradeArea北美自由贸易区14Themaincontentoftheagreementincluded:theeliminationoftariffsandnon-tariffbarriersonover9,000kindsofgoodsbystageswithin15yearsandtheeliminationofimportquotaandexportlicense;theopeningoftelecommunication,financeandinsuranceindustriesinMexicototheUSandCanadianmerchantstoallowthemtoparticipateincompetitionandinvestmentbyestablishingwhollyownedsubsidiaries.ThethreecountriesagreedtograntnationaltreatmenttothefinanceenterprisesinNorthAmerica.Topreventtariffevasionbycountriesoutsideofthearea,thethreecountriesagreedonmorestrictregulationsontherulesoforigin.Andtherewerealsolawsintheareaofintellectualpropertyandissuesoflaborprotectionandenvironmentprotection.2.NorthAmericanFreeTradeArea北美自由贸易区152.1FreeTradeAreaofAmerica美洲自由贸易区

BasedontheNorthAmericanFreeTradeArea,theUSsoughttoestablishFreeTradeAreaofAmericatoembraceSouthAmericancountries.Theideawasbroughttothe1stSummitofAmericasincluding34countries,withthegoalofestablishingtheFreeTradeAreaofAmericaonJanuary2005withthebiggestareaoftheworldandtheGDPamountingto14trilliondollarsaswellasthepopulationof0.8billion.InNovemberof2003,theframeagreementonFTAAhasbeenreachedintheeighthministerialmeeting,reiteratingFTAAwouldbestartedonJan.2005.16

APEC(Asia-PacificEconomicCorporation)isoneimportantinternationalorganizationaimingtostrengthenregionaleconomiccorporationofAsia-Pacificcountriesandregions.APECisaregionaleconomicintegrationorganizationinvastnessofareaandvariouseconomicsituationswiththememberincludingthedevelopedeconomies,newlyindustrializedeconomies,anddevelopingeconomieswhichareindifferentsocialandpoliticalsystems.3.Asia-PacificEconomicCorporation亚太经济合作组织（APEC）173.Asia-PacificEconomicCorporation亚太经济合作组织（APEC）

IntheproposalofAustralia,APECwasestablishedin1990.Uptotheyearof2002,therewere21memberswhichareUnitedStates,Japan,Canada,Australia,NewZealand,RepublicofKorea,Malaysia,Thailand,Singapore,Philippines,Indonesia,Brunei,People’sRepublicofChina,ChineseTaipei,HongKong,Mexico,PapuaNewGuinea,Chile,Peru,Russia,andVietnam.184.AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)东南亚国家联盟[简称“东盟”(ASEAN)]

ASEANisanorganizationconsistingofdevelopingcountries.

InAugust8th1967,thefivecountriesincludingIndonesia,Malaysia,thePhilippines,Singapore,andThailandsingedASEANdeclarationnamelyBangkokDeclaration,foundingtheorganizationknownasASEAN.

From1980sto1990s,withBrunei,Vietnam,Burma,Laos,Cambodiajoiningintheorganization,thereare10membersforthetimebeing.

ASEANfreetradeareawasestablishedandtookeffectonJanuary2002withgoalofrealizingzerodutyforthetradewithintheregion.Uptotheyearof2010,thesixmembersincludingMalaysia,thePhilippines,Thailand,Singapore,Indonesia,Bruneiagreedtoeliminateduty.Bytheyearof2015,itisscheduledtorealizetradeliberalizationforallmembers.195.RegionalEconomicIntegrationandChina中国参与区域经济一体化情况5.1CAFTA(China-ASEANFreeTradeArea)中国—东盟自由贸易区（CAFTA）

InNovember2002,Chineseleadersandtheleadersof10ASEANmembercountriessignedtheFrameworkAgreementonChina-ASEANComprehensiveEconomicCo-operationArea.China-ASEANFreeTradeAreaiscoveringgoodstrade,servicetrade,investmentandeconomiccooperationetc.,ofwhichthegoodstradeisthecorecontents.ItisstipulatedinTheFrameworkAgreementonChina-ASEANComprehensiveEconomicCo-operationAreathatChinaandASEANmembersshallstarttoreducetariffonthenormalgoodssince2005.205.1CAFTA(China-ASEANFreeTradeArea)中国—东盟自由贸易区（CAFTA）

Duringthe8thleadersmeetingofChina-ASEANFreeTradeAreainNovemberof2004,thecommerceministersofChinaandtheministersofASEANsignedtheAgreementonTradeinGoodsandtheAgreementonDisputeSettlementMechanism,whicharebothundertheFrameworkAgreementonChina-ASEANComprehensiveEconomicCo-operationArea.IntheAgreementonTradeinGoods,itisstipulatedthatChinaandthesixfoundermembersofASEANshallcutdownthedutyofmostofnormalcommoditiestozero.TheAgreementonDisputeSettlementMechanismisthelegalfiletoregulatethedisputesettlementbetweenChinaandASEANmembersunderthetheFrameworkAgreement215.2TheEconomicCooperationBetweenChinaandNortheastAsianCountries—AimingtoEstablishtheFreeTradeAreaofChina,JapanandRepublicofKorea.中国与东北亚国家的经济贸易合作—努力建立中日韩自由贸易区

TheideaofthefreetradeareaofChina,JapanandRepublicofKoreawasinitiallyputforwardbytheformerpresidentofRepublicofKoreaKimDae-junginthe“10+3”meetinginManilain1998.TheproposalwasgettingonslowlyduetosomereasonsthoughitreceivedpositiveresponsefromChinaandJapan.InOctoberof2006,inthefifth5.RegionalEconomicIntegrationandChina中国参与区域经济一体化情况225.3NewZealand-ChinaFreeTradeArea中新自由贸易区Inrecentyears,therelationshipbetweenChinaandNewZealandhasbeengoingonwell.In2007,themutualtradevolumebetweenChinaandNewZealandhadreached3.7billiondollarswiththeincreaseof26%thanthelastyear.Chinahascometobethe3rdtradepartnerofNewZealand.Theexportedpr