2023年考研考博-考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Howcometheyhavethefreedomtodisruptand（）thetorchrelay,whereasOlympic-lovingpeoplehavenotthefreedomtowelcomethetorch?问题1选项A.destructB.destroyC.sabotageD.damage2.单选题Soilonthemountainslopesisverysusceptible（）erosion.问题1选项A.ofB.toC.withD.by3.单选题Somethingssimplycannotbealteredand（）peopleacceptthis,notwastingenergyontryingtodotheimpossible.问题1选项A.roughB.plasticC.harshD.resilient4.翻译题SpaceXwillsendaspacesuit-cladcrashtestdummytotheInternationalSpaceStationaspartofatrialflightforitsCrewDragonspacecraft.Themissionwilltakeplaceon2MarchandwillalsodeliversuppliestocrewaboardtheISS.Anarrayofsensorsbuiltintothemannequin'ssuitwillhelpprovidekeydataaheadofthefirsthumanpassengersgoingaboardthecapsulelaterthisyear.Mr.MuskrevealedthecostofatickettoMarsonboardaSpaceXflightwouldbelessthan$100,000.Takingquestionsonsocialmedia,hewrote:"I'mconfidentmovingtoMars(returnticketisfree)willonedaycostlessthan$500kormaybeevenbelow$100k.LowenoughthatmostpeopleinadvancedeconomiescouldselltheirhomeonEarthandmovetoMarsiftheywant."SectionATranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.5.单选题

Putbothvegetablesintoabowland（）withapotatomasher.问题1选项A.crashB.crushC.clashD.crack6.单选题Thiswillallowourcitizenstobuildconnectionswithpeoplesoverseasandtodevelopskillsandcontactsthatwillhelpthem（）intheglobaleconomy.问题1选项A.surviveB.striveC.thriveD.stride7.单选题Afewmonthsofgrooming,mentorsandfounderscanthen（）hundredsofpeopletowatchtheircompany'sofficialintroductiontosociety.问题1选项A.summonB.uniteC.gatherD.assemble8.单选题Thelawcan（）fatherstomakeregularpaymentsfortheirchildren.问题1选项A.compelB.complyC.complainD.combine9.单选题Apieceofglasswasembedded（）herhand.问题1选项A.withB.withinC.inD.inside10.单选题Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I（1）theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantto（2）afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren't（3）enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour（4）wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which（5）Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's（6）.Icouldhardlywaitto（7）him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis（8）wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit（9）thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto（10）theclassamongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto（11）whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand（12）toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat（13）andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe（14）.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe（15）me:“theabsolutemostimportant（16）thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood（17）.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto（18）asituation,processwhatyouropponentisdoingand（19）thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy（20）asajournalist.问题1选项A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddown问题2选项A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay问题3选项A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired问题4选项A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor问题5选项A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant问题6选项A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest问题7选项A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat问题8选项A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job问题9选项A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible问题10选项A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe问题11选项A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare问题12选项A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally问题13选项A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment问题14选项A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation问题15选项A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised问题16选项A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill问题17选项A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments问题18选项A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control问题19选项A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate问题20选项A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior11.写作题Directions:“Publishorperish”iswell-knownintheacademicworld.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisviewpoints.Pleaseexpressyouropinioninabout150words.12.单选题Thereisariskthat（）chemicalsmightbeblastedintotheatmosphere.问题1选项A.destructiveB.toxicC.evilD.vicious13.单选题Withallthewars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday,it'snotonlynecessary,butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgetthrougheachandeverydayofourlives.Puttingasmileonsomeone'sfacewhenyouknowtheyarefeelingdowninthedumps,asthesayinggoes,makesmefeelgoodandwarmsmyheart.Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjokearoundwithyourwife,husband,child,co-worker,neighbor,closefriend,orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?Iamalwayssayingthingsthatmakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifIdon'tknowthepersonI'mjokingaroundwith.MyGrandmaalwaysfoundhumorineverythingshedid,evenifitwasthehardestjobanyonecouldimagine.Thisnotonlyrelievesstressinanysituation,butalsoiscommoncourtesytospeaktoothersthatarearoundyou.Iknowofafewpeoplethatdon'thaveafunnyboneintheirbodies,astheysay.Everyonearoundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithouttheslightestsmileontheirface.Theydon'tgetthejokethatmakesotherslaugh.Iambustingagutwhiletheyjustsitthere,lookingatmeasifIwerefromouterspace.Howcanpeoplenotgetareallyfunnyjoke?Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.1.Accordingtotheauthor,humorisusefulintheaspectthat（）.2.TheauthoranswersthequestioninParagraph2with（）.3.Thephrase“bustingagut”inParagraph3canbereplacedby（）.4.Whichisnotmentionedasafunctionhumorplaysinlife?5.Inwritingthepassage,theauthormainlyintendsto（）.问题1选项A.itmakespeoplemoreconfidentB.itcanpickuppeople'sspiritsC.itcanhelpgetridofthecrueltyintheworldD.itcanhelppeoplegetonwellwithothers问题2选项A.factsanddescriptionsB.evidenceandargumentC.examplesandconclusionD.storiesandpersuasion问题3选项A.explainingcarefullyB.speakingloudC.keepingsilentD.laughinghard问题4选项A.Humorcanreducestress.B.Humorhelpstolandajoboffer.C.Humorcandrivesadnessaway.D.Humorcanmakeyourfamilyhappy.问题5选项A.talkabouthisownunderstandingofhumorB.encouragepeopletobehumorousindailylifeC.introduceapracticalwaytogetthroughdailylifeD.convincepeopleofthepowerofbeingoptimisticaboutlife14.单选题Haveyouwinterizedyourhorseyet?Eventhoughglobalwarmingmayhavemadeourclimatemilder,manyanimalsarestillhibernating.It'stoobadthathumanscan'thibernate.Infact,asaspecies,wealmostdid.Apparently,attimesinthepast,peasantsinFrancelikedasemi-stateofhumanhibernation.SowritesGrahamRobb,aBritishscholarwhohasstudiedthesleepinghabitsoftheFrenchpeasants.AssoonastheweatherturnedcoldpeoplealloverFranceshutthemselvesawayandpracticedtheforgottenartofdoingnothingatallformonthsonend.Inlinewiththis,JeffWarren,aproduceratCBCRadio'sTheCurrent,tellsusthatthewaywesleephaschangedfundamentallysincetheinventionofartificiallightingandtheelectricbulb.WhenhistoriansbeganstudyingtextsoftheMiddleAges,theynoticedsomethingreferredtoas“firstsleep”,whichwasnotclarified,though.Nowscientistsaretellingusourancestorsmostlikelysleptinseparateperiods.Thebusinessofeighthours'uninterruptedsleepisamoderninvention.Inthepast,withouttheartificiallightofthecitytobathein,humanswenttosleepwhenitbecamedarkandthenwokethemselvesaroundmidnight.Thelatenightperiodwasknownas“TheWatch”.Itwaswhenpeopleactuallykeptwatchagainstwildanimals,althoughmanyofthemsimplymovedaroundorvisitedfamilyandneighbors.Accordingtosomesleepresearchers,ashortperiodofinsomniaatmidnightisnotadisorder.Itisnormal.Humanscanexperienceanotherstateofconsciousnessaroundtheirsleeping,whichoccursinthebriefperiodbeforewefallasleeporwakeourselvesinthemorning.Thisperiodcanbeanextraordinarilycreativetimeforsomepeople.Theimpressiveinventor,ThomasEdison,usedthisstatetohituponmanyofhisnewideas.Playingwithyoursleeprhythmscanbeadventurous,asanxietymaysetin.Medicalsciencedoesn'thelpmuchinthiscase.Itoffersusmedicinesforafullnight'scontinuoussleep,whichsoundsnatural;however,accordingtoWarren'stheory,itisreallytheoppositeofwhatweneed.1.TheexampleoftheFrenchpeasantsshowsthefactthat（）.2.Thelatenightwascalled“TheWatch”becauseitwasatimeforpeople（）.3.ThomasEdisoniscitedtoshow（）.4.Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodo?5.Whatismostpossiblythesourceofthisarticle?问题1选项A.peoplemightbecomelazyasaresultoftoomuchsleepB.thereweresignsofhibernationinhumansleepinghabitsC.peopletendedtosleepmorepeacefullyincoldweatherD.winterwasaseasonforpeopletosleepformonthsonend问题2选项A.tosettrapstocatchanimalsB.towakeuptheirfamilyandneighborsC.toremindothersofthetimeD.toguardagainstpossibledangers问题3选项A.insomniaisharmfultopeopleB.humanbeingcannotovercomeinsomniaC.ashortperiodofconsciousnessduringsleepingisnormalforhumanbeingD.greatscientistsmustsleeplesstomakegreatinventions问题4选项A.Sleepinthewayanimalsdo.B.Consultadoctoriftheycan'tsleep.C.Followtheirnaturalsleeprhythm.D.Keeptotheeight-hoursleeppattern.问题5选项A.scientificjournalsB.historybooksC.sciencefictionsD.fairytales15.单选题I'mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit（）.问题1选项A.decreasesB.contractsC.constringesD.shrinks16.单选题Justasthereareteacherswhosimplygothroughthemotionsanddragusthroughthematerialinordertocompletearequiredcourse,therearecompaniesandjobsandbossesthatdothesame.Thatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetolivewithit.Avoidthosefear-runworkplaces.Quitthosejobs.Askyourfriendsaboutwheretheywork,oraboutcompaniesthey'vereadaboutorheardaboutwherepassion,excitement,andhumanenergyarevaluedaboveallelse.Inthoseplaces,youwillfindthatfearisnotprimarymotivatorforgettingtoresults.AlthoughI'vefoundthatmostorganizationsdonotfocusontheirculture,therearealsoasignificantnumberofcompanieswhoarequiteclearaboutwhattheyaretryingtoachieve.Thosecompanieshaveamissionandapurposeinwhattheydo.Thepeoplewhoworktherearefocusednotonthemselves,butonthosetheyserve.Theyareworkingonsomethingmuchbiggerthanthemselves.Ilearnedtolovemyjobbyconnectingittojoy:joyforourcustomers,joyfortheendusersofourproducts,joyformyteam,andpersonaljoyinwhatweweredoing.Manybelievethiskindofmissionfocuscanonlyoccurinthenon-profitworld.Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth.Therearesuccessfulpurpose-drivenprivateandpubliccorporations,largeandsmall.Theyarestillrare,though,soitwon'tnecessarilybeeasytofindthem,butitisworthyourtimetopursuethissearch.SomeofyouwillbeinclinedtodowhatIultimatelydidandstartyourownfirm,withitsownmissionandpurpose.Entrepreneurshipformewastheenablerofanobleyetselfishpursuit:IwantedtocreateacompanythatIloved.Icreatedmyownfulfillingjob,butitwouldonlybefulfillingtomeifitwerealsorewardingforthosewhoworkedaroundme.Tolearntoloveyourjob,it'simportanttofindajobwherelearningisarequirementtosuccess.Learningproducesjoy,regardlessoftheindustryyou'rein.Becomeastudentagain.Readbooks,studyorganizations,andstretchyourselftotrynewthings.Ifyouareinatechnicalorasupportrole,volunteerforsalessupportassignmentsandwatchhowyourcompanyinteractswithitscustomers.Signupfortradeshowboothdutyandlearnwhatothersintheworldareseekingfromfirmslikeyours.Learntopresentinfrontofothers.Signuptospeakatconferences,andthengolistentootherspeakers.Findtheideas,thepeopleandthecompaniesthatinspireyou.1.Theauthor'spurposeinusingteachersasanexampleisto（）.2.Theauthorfavorscompaniesthat（）.3.By“Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth”(Line1,Para.3),theauthormeanshethinks（）.4.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthor'sjoyforhisjob?5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthormakeattheendofthepassage?问题1选项A.emphasizethevalueofcommitmentB.showconcernforbadworkperformanceC.pointouttheimportanceofjobtrainingD.argueagainstfear-runworkplaces问题2选项A.arebigandambitiousB.arecustomer-orientedC.motivateemployeeswithrewardsD.focusontheirself-image问题3选项A.thenon-profitworldhashiddenrulesB.amissiontellstruthaboutacompanyC.thestatementisabsolutelyfalseD.acompanytrulygoesafterprofits问题4选项A.Itdependslargelyonhisfreewillandselfishpursuit.B.Itcomesfromthesatisfactionofpeopleinhiscompany.C.Itenableshimtoinspirepeopleworkingaroundhim.D.Itisbasedonhisownfirmbeliefinhisbusinessskills.问题5选项A.Seizeopportunitiestolearnonthejob.B.Playavarietyofrolestobesuccessful.C.Keepagoodrelationshipwithcustomers.D.Seekotherfirmsthatneedyourskills.17.单选题PresidentCoolidge'sstatement,“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,”stillpointstoanimportanttruthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself;itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportantas,orevenmoreimportantthan,democracyinpreservingfreedom.Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheideaofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.1.Thestatement“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness”probablymeans“（）”.2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly（）.3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby（）.5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves（）.问题1选项A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerceB.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernmentC.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericansD.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness问题2选项A.whengivenequalityofopportunityB.throughdoingbusinessC.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedomD.bywayofcompetition问题3选项A.HonestbusinessmenB.BothbusinessmenandtheircustomersC.PeoplewithidealsofequalityandfreedomD.Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment问题4选项A.itsabsolutecontrolofpowerB.itsfunctioninpreservingpersonalfreedomC.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvaluesD.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleadership问题5选项A.AmericansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountriesB.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatusC.AmericanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountriesD.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica18.单选题Holdersofdeferredshareshavenorightstovoteatgeneralmeetingsorreceiveany（）.问题1选项A.divisiveB.divideC.dividendD.division19.单选题Alcoholscanalso（）judgmenttotheextentthatyoumaynotmakethebestorbrightestdecisionsinacoldweatheremergency.问题1选项A.impartB.impactC.impairD.impose20.单选题The（）fortravellingwithoutaticketis£200.问题1选项A.penalB.panelC.panelizeD.penalty21.单选题Whenitworks,itcanbefantastic,butcanveryeasily（）intoanightmareofthemostseriousproportions.问题1选项A.backwashB.backdateC.backlashD.backfire22.单选题Someparents（）educationwithexamsuccess.问题1选项A.equalB.equateC.equalizeD.equality23.单选题Alltheevidence（）thathestolethemoney.问题1选项A.recommendsB.proposesC.suggestsD.advises24.单选题Asnoted,amongthosewhowerecognitivelynormalatthestartofthestudy,（）alcoholdrinkersappearedtobeprotectedagainstdementia.问题1选项A.moderateB.minimumC.mediumD.middle25.单选题Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand（）question:Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?问题1选项A.compellingB.componentC.competentD.compulsive第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项destruct“毁坏”，B项destroy“消灭”，C项sabotage“蓄意破坏”，D项damage“损害”；句意：难道只有破坏分子干扰破坏火炬传递的自由，就没有热爱奥林匹克运动的人们去欢迎火炬的自由吗？因此C选项正确。2.【答案】B【解析】考查介词辨析及搭配。A项of“……的”，B项to“到、朝、对于”，C项with“和……”，D项by“由、被、到……之前”；句意：山坡上的土壤很容易被侵蚀。besusceptibleto“易受……的影响”；因此B选项正确。3.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项rough“粗糙的”，B项plastic“塑料的”，C项harsh“严厉的、刺耳的”，D项resilient“可迅速恢复的、坚韧的”；句意：有些东西根本无法改变，有韧性的人能接受这一点，不会浪费精力来做不可能的事。因此D选项正确。4.【答案】

SpaceX公司将把一个穿着航天服的撞击试验人体模型送往国际空间站，这也是其CrewDragon载人宇宙飞船试飞任务的一部分。这次任务将于3月2日进行，并将向国际空间站的宇航员运送物资。该人体模型所穿的太空服上安装了大量的传感器。今年晚些时候，在第一批人类旅客将登上太空舱之前，这些传感器将有助于提供重要数据。马斯克先生透露，乘坐SpaceX宇宙飞船前往火星的票价可能会低于10万美元。他在社交媒体上接受了人们的提问，并写道：“我确信，将来有一天搬去火星（返程票是免费的）的票价会低于50万美元，甚至可能会低于10万美元。这个票价足够低了，发达经济体的多数人都可以卖掉他们在地球上的房子，搬去火星，如果他们愿意的话。”5.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项crash“碰撞”，B项crush“压碎”，C项clash“冲突”，D项crack“使破裂”；句意：把这两种蔬菜都放进碗里，用捣土豆器捣碎。因此B选项正确。6.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项survive“生存”，B项strive“努力、奋斗”，C项thrive“繁荣”，D项stride“跨过”；句意：这将使我们的公民与海外人民建立联系，发展技能和增加接触，帮助他们在全球经济环境中生存。因此A选项正确。7.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项summon“召唤”，指运用权威或行使权力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某处，常用于正式的集会或公务等方面；B项untie“团结、合并”，指将两个或两个以上原本分散或对立的事物联合起来，或者指主动联合自己周围的人或物，使之围绕在自己身旁；C项gather“聚集”，多强调按照一定目的或计划有选择的使人或物聚集在一起；D项assemble“集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：经过几个月的培训后，导师和创始人可以召集数百人观看他们公司向社会的正式介绍。因此A选项正确。8.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项compel“强迫、迫使”，B项comply“遵守、顺从”，C项complain“抱怨”，D项combine“联合、结合”；句意：这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女的费用。因此A选项正确。9.【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析及搭配。A项with“和……”，B项within“在……之内”，C项in“在……里”，D项inside“内部、内侧”；句意：一块玻璃扎在她的手上。embedin“嵌入”；因此C选项正确。10.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:B第8题:D第9题:C第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:A第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】考查上下文语义和动词短语。A项putforward“提出”，B项jumpedat“欣然接受，急切的接受”，C项triedout“试验、考验”，D项turneddown“减小，调低（声音）、拒绝”；上文说Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.（我被告知教育部门为学生提供了一门免费的课程《思考象棋》，这门课程有三个学分），由此可以看出是欣然/急切的接受了这门课程，因此选B。2.【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项waste“浪费”，B项earn“获得”，C项save“节省、储蓄、保存”，D项pay“支付”；上文提到急切的接受这门课程，推断是因为“我”想省钱；所以此处用“save”最合适，savemoney“省钱、存钱”；因此选C。3.【试题解析】考查语义和形容词辨析。A项excited“感到激动的”，B项worried“担心的”，C项moved“感动的”，D项tired“疲劳的”；通过evenifIweren’t（）enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour（）wasappealingenoughtome句子和上文“我”对免费课程是欣然接受的态度来看，关于免费的学分“我”是感到激动的；句意：即使免费的学分不足以让我感到激动，但关于……的消息就足够吸引我。因此A项正确。4.【试题解析】考查语义和名词辨析。A项title“标题”，B项competitor“对手”，C项textbook“教科书”，D项instructor“指导员、教员”；根据下文Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster（他是一位国际象棋大师），由此看，此处需要填入的词义为“老师/指导员”；因此此处D项正确。5.【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项urge“驱策、催促”，B项demand“要求”，C项hold“持有”，D项mean“意味着”；根据句子Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which（）Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame’s…，可以推断句意是“他是一位国际象棋大师，这意味着我将在数一数二的象棋棋手那里学习”，因此此处D项正确。6.【试题解析】考查形容词最高级的用法。A项fastest“最快速的”，B项easiest“最容易的”，C项best“最好的”，D项rarest“最罕见的”；根据上文“我”的导师是国际象棋大师，可知“我”将在数一数二的象棋棋手那里学习；oneofthebest“最好的之一、数一数二”；此处C项正确。7.【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项interview“面试、采访”，B项meet“见到”，C项challenge“挑战”，D项beat“打败”；根据句子“Icouldhardlywaitto（）him”可以知道句意“我等不及要去见他了”；can’t/canhardlywaittodosth.等不及干某事。因此此处只有B项正确。8.【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项chance“机会”，B项qualification“资格”，C项honor“荣誉”，D项job“工作”；上文说MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach（MauriceAshley善良又聪明，他是以前的一位毕业生，后来回来教书），可知此处词义是“工作”；因此D项正确。9.【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项real“真正的”，B项perfect“完美的”，C项clear“清楚的”，D项possible“可能的”；根据句子hemadeit（）thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned猜测句意应是“他给我们说清楚了这个学分会很难拿到”；makeitclear“弄清楚、说清楚”，因此此处C项正确。10.【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项attend“参加”，B项pass“通过”，C项skip“跳跃”，D项observe“遵守、观察”；上文提到这个学分很难拿到，按照逻辑，此处应该是通过考试。句意：为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇论文。因此B项符合。11.【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项add“添加”，B项expose“暴露”，C项apply“应用”，D项compare“比较”；上文说学分很难拿，本句说“我们”必须写一篇论文，猜测句意是：我们必须写一篇论文关于怎么把我们学的知识应用到未来的职业生活中。此处需要填入的词义为“应用”；applyto“把……应用到……”。因此C项符合。12.【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A项eventually“最终地”，B项naturally“自然地”，C项directly“直接地”，D项normally“正常地”；上文说“我们”写一篇关于怎么把课堂里学到的知识应用于未来职业中的论文，这里要表达的是递进的意思，句意是：最终我们将课堂学到的知识应用到我们的生活中。因此A项符合。13.【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项game“游戏”，B项presentation“介绍”，C项course“课程”，D项experiment“实验”；上文谈到为了通过考试，需要写一篇论文，此处应该与上文对应填course，句意是：我设法在这门课程拿了个A。因此C项符合。14.【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项criterion“标准”，B项classroom“教室”，C项department“部门”，D项situation“情况”；前面说到andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewell（学到的人生经验让我受益匪浅），可以推断“我”是在这门课学到的，这是超越课堂之外的，因此应该填classroom；句意是：我还学习到了课堂外对我受益匪浅的生活课程。因此B项正确。15.【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项teach“教”，B项write“写”，C项question“提问”，D项promise“承诺”；根据句子TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I’mstillputtingtousewhathe（）me来看，这里的he是指Ashley，即“我”的老师，老师对学生是教授。句意：十年之后，我仍然在运用Ashley在课堂上教我的方法。因此A项正确。16.【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项fact“事实”，B项step“步”，C项manner“方式”，D项skill“技能”；此句句意是：你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能就是如何做出好的决定。因此D项正确。17.【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项grade“分数、等级”，B项decision“决定”，C项impression“印象”，D项comment“评论”；此处表达的应该是“如何做出好的决定”；makedecision“做决定”。因此B项正确。18.【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项analyze“分析”，B项describe“描述”，C项rebuild“重建”，D项control“控制”；此句oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto（）asituation表达的应该是“下棋时你的每一步都要分析形势”。因此A项正确。19.【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项announce“宣布”，B项signal“发信号”，C项block“阻塞”，D项evaluate“评估”；此句processwhatyouropponentisdoingand_thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions表达的应该是“审清你的对手要干什么，然后评估出最好的一步”。因此D项符合。20.【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项role“角色”，B项desire“欲望”，C项concern“涉及，关系到”，D项behavior“行为”；此句Thesewordsstillringtrueinmy（）asajournalist表达的应该是“现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然正确”；另外提到了journalist“记者”，是一种职业，所以填role符合语义。因此A项正确。11.【答案】略12.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项destructive“破坏性的、毁灭性的”，B项toxic“有毒的”，C项evil“邪恶的”，D项vicious“恶毒的”；句意：毁灭性的化学物质有在空中爆炸的危险。因此A选项正确。13.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“幽默的有用之处在于（）?”。第一段第一句butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgetthrougheachandeverydayofourlives.（拥有良好的幽默感也是必要的，只是为了帮助我们度过生活的每一天），可以看出，保持幽默可以打起人们的精神；A项“使人更自信”，文中只提到幽默可以解压；C项“帮助人们摆脱残酷的世界”，这是作者引用了奶奶的例子，主要是用来说明幽默能让自己在残酷生活中缓解压力；D项“帮助人们与人友好相处”，文中只是提到幽默也是一种人与人之间的礼貌，着重点还是在于幽默可以解压。因此B项“打起/鼓舞人们的精神”正确。2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者第二段回答问题用的是什么?”。第二段的问题是Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjoke…orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?（如果你不能和你的妻子，丈夫，孩子，同事，邻居，亲密的朋友，甚至只是一个和你一起在街角商店排队的人开玩笑，你会有什么感觉?）；后面作者用奶奶的例子来回答这个问题并且做出了结论，因此该题C选项“例子和结论”正确。3.【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第三段中的短语‘bustingagut’可以用哪个词替代?”。根据第三段第二句Everyonearoundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithouttheslightestsmileontheirface.（他们周围的人听了这个笑话可能会在地板上打滚，但他们会坐在那里，脸上没有一丝笑容。）结合后面Iambustingagutwhiletheyjustsitthere可以推断出，当他们坐在那里的时候，“我”是和他们周围的人一样笑得在地板上打滚。因此，可以猜出bustingagut在这里是“大笑”的意思，因此D选项“努力地大笑”正确。4.【试题解析】细节判断题。题干意思是“下列关于幽默在生活中发挥的作用哪一项没有描述？”。最后一段提到Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol（笑对于控制心理压力的水平是很重要的），因此A项“幽默可以减少压力”正确；倒数第二句提到Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.（我们都需要找到一种方法来绕过悲伤，为我们的生活带来一点光明），因此C项“幽默可以驱散悲伤”正确；最后一句提到Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.（我相信最好的药方是聚在一起，讲一些笑话，一起开怀大笑），推断出“幽默是可以令家人开心的”，因此D项正确；B项“幽默帮助获得工作机会”文中没有提到，因此该题选B。5.【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“作者写这篇文章的主要意图是什么？”。全文主要在论述一个观点，那就是拥有良好的幽默感可以帮助我们度过生活的每一天，缓解生活中的压力；可以推断出作者是鼓励/建议大家变得幽默，只有B选项“鼓励人们日常生活中变得幽默”符合题意。A项“谈论自己对幽默的理解”，文中作者有发表自己的见解，但通篇都在论述幽默对生活有帮助；C项“介绍一种实用方法来度过日常生活”，最后一段提到Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.（我们都需要找到一个方式来绕过悲伤给生活带来一点光），这句话是鼓励我们保持幽默，因为幽默可以缓解压力，但文章主旨不是介绍实用的方式，而是论述幽默的好处；D项“让人们相信乐观对待生活的力量”，文中讲的是幽默，不是乐观。因此B项正确。14.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“文中用法国农民的例子来体现一个什么事实呢？”。第二段讲述了过去的法国农民等天气一变冷就会把自己关在屋子里几个月，什么都不做；这一例子是用来论证第一段的论点Infact,asaspecies,wealmostdid.”中，did指代前面提到的hibernate，表达的意思是“事实上，作为一个物种，我们都会冬眠”。A项“因为睡太多的觉人们可能会变懒”和C项“在冬天人们睡得更安稳”没有提到；D项“冬天是人们可以睡好几个月的季节”，文中只是提到天气变冷，法国农民就会把自己关到屋子里，并没有说一直睡觉。因此此题B项正确。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“深夜被叫作‘TheWatch’是因为这个时间是人们要干……的时候？”。从第五段最后一句Itwaswhenpeopleactuallykeptwatchagainstwildanimals,althoughmanyofthemsimplymovedaroundorvisitedfamilyandneighbors.（那时人们实际上是在监视野生动物，尽管许多动物只是四处走动或者逗留一会。）可以看出TheWatch是代表到了人们要监视外面可能的危险的时间。A项“设陷阱抓动物”，没有提到；B项“叫醒他们的邻居和家人”，文中只是提到这些动物只是在邻居门前逗留一会，该项不符合题意；C项“提醒其他人时间”，这个时间只是提醒守夜的人要开始监视外面，没有提醒其他人。因此该题D项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“在这里引用托马斯·爱迪生是用来表示……？”。第六段提到在午夜短时间的失眠是正常的，第三句接着提到Humanscanexperienceanotherstateofconsciousnessaroundtheirsleeping,whichoccursinthebriefperiodbeforewefallasleeporwakeourselvesinthemorning.This