如何写好科研论文慕课

][]2.1Thereasonforoutlines.][]2.2Howshouldyouconstructanoutline?]WhydidIdothework?Whatwerethecentralmotivationsandhypotheses?]B)ResultsandDiscussionWhatweretheresults?Howwerecompoundsmadeandcharacterized?Whatwasmeasured?]Whatdoesitallmean?Whathypotheseswereprovedordisproved?WhatdidIlearn?Whydoesitmakeadifference?Finally,puteverything—outlineofsections,tables,sketchesoffigures,equations–ingoodorder.]，]2.3TheoutlineWhatshouldanoutlinecontain?tle:hors:3.Abstract:Donotwriteanabstract.Thatcanbedonewhenthepaperismplete.[不要着急写摘要，可以等文章写完后再写。n:Thefirstparagraphortwoshouldbewrittenoutcompletely.Payparticularattentiontotheopeningsentence.Ideally,itshouldstateconciselytheobjectiveofthework,andindicatewhythisobjectiveisportant.]5.ResultsandDiscussion.Theresultsanddiscussionareusuallycombined.Thissectionshouldbeorganizedaccordingtomajortopics.Theseparatepartsshouldhavesubheadingsinboldfacetomakethisorganizationclear,andtohelpthereaderscanthroughthefinaltexttofindthepartsthatinteresthimorher.Thefollowinglistincludesexamplesofthephrasesthatmightplausiblyserveassectionheadings:]]lusion.Intheoutline,summarizetheconclusionsofthepaperasalistofshortspecialemphasisisneeded.TheConclusionssectionshouldbejustthat,indicateexplicitlythesignificanceofthework.[在提纲里，总结论文中的结论应是由一些简短的短语或句子组成][结论不仅仅作的意义。Include,inthecorrectordertocorrespondtotheorderintheResultssection,alloftheparagraphsubheadingsoftheExperimentalsection.2.4Insummary:[总结：]*Startwritingpossibleoutlinesforpapersearlyinaproject.Donotwaituntilthe“end”.Theendmaynevercome.[该着手去写可能的论文提纲，而不要等到论文结束的时候。研究可能永远没有结尾可言。*Organizetheoutlineandthepaperaroundeasilyassimilateddata–tables,equations,figures,schemes–ratherthanaroundtext.[于接受的数据—表格，方程式，图表，示意图，而不是围绕正文。*Organizeinorderofimportance,notinchronologicalorder.AnNeophytesoftenorganizeapaperintermsofchronology:thatis,theyfailuresandleadinguptoaclimacticsuccessfulfinale.Thisapproachiscompletelywrong.Startwiththemostimportantresults,andputthesecondaryresultslater,ifatall.Thereaderusuallydoesnotcarehowyouarrivedatyourbigresults,onlywhattheyare.Shorterpapersareeasiertoreadthanlongerones.[不是按照时间顺序而应按重要性来整理。应该从最重要的结果写起，然后是较重要的结果。读者们通常不关心你是怎么得到的结果，而只关心结果是什么3.SomePointsofEnglishStyle]1)Donotusenounsasadjectives:2)Theword―this‖mustalwaysbefollowedbyanoun,sothatitsreferenceisexplicit3)Describeexperimentalresultsuniformlyinthepasttense.]4)Usetheactivevoicewheneverpossible.5)Completeallcomparisons.6)Typeallpapersdouble-spaced(notsingle-orone-and-a-halfspaced),andleave1spaceaftercolons,commas,andafterperiodsattheendofsentences.Leavegenerousmargins.(generally,1.25‖onbothsides&top&bottom).AssumethatwewillwriteallpapersusingthestyleoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.Youcangetagoodideaofthisstylefromthreesources:1)TheJournal.Simplylookatarticlesinthejournalsandcopytheorganizationyouseethere.2)Previouspapersfromthegroup.Bylookingatpreviouspapers,youcanseeexactlyhowapapershould―look‖.Ifwhatyouwrotelooksdifferent,itprobablyisnotwhatwewant.3)TheACSStyleGuide:AManualforAuthorsandEditors.(JanetS.Dodd,EditorWashington,D.C.USA1997).Usefuldetail,especiallythesectiononreferences.IalsosuggestyoureadStrunkandWhite,TheElementsofStyle(Longman:NewYork,2000,4thedition)togetasenseforEnglishusage.Twoexcellentbooksonthedesignofgraphs