2021考研英语一真题试卷及答案

2017考研真题答案：2017考研英语一真题试卷及答案(完整版)2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题+【答案】SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!"1helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy5over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12."Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthat'susually14withstress,"notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16difficulty."Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Despite[D]Throughout【答案】[B]Besides[A]connected[B]restricted[C]equal[D]inferior【答案】[A]connected[A]choice[B]view[C]lesson[D]host【答案】[D]host[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep【答案】[C]avoid[A]collecting[B]involving[C]guiding[D]affecting【答案】⑹involving[A]of[B]in[C]at[D]on【答案】[D]on[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted【答案】[B]exposed[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out【答案】[C]down[A]calculated[B]denied[C]doubted[D]imagined【答案】[A]calculated[A]served[B]required[C]restored[D]explained【答案】[D]explained[A]Even⑹Still[C]Rather[D]Thus【答案】[A]Even[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]tests[D]errors【答案】[B]symptoms[A]minimized[B]highlighted[C]controlled[D]increased【答案】[D]increased[A]equipped[B]associated[C]presented[D]compared【答案】⑹associated[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record【答案】[C]generate[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthewayof[D]inthenameof【答案】[A]inthefaceof[A]transfer[B]commit[C]attribute[D]return【答案】[C]attribute[A]because[B]unless[C]though[D]until【答案】[A]because[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases【答案】[C]remains[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences【答案】[D]influencesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvaneeauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweaponsbothfakeandreal-pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressineethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.PartoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeningIanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock.Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedtostresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorUSairports.explainAmericans'toleraneeofcurrentsecuritychecks.emphasistheimportaneeofprivacyprotection.【答案】[C]explainAmericans'toleraneeofcurrentsecuritychecks.whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorairport?Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.【答案】[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.Theword"expedited"(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningtofaster.quieter.wider.cheaper.【答案】[A]faster.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramisAdramaticreductionofitsscale.Itswrongly-directedimplementation.Thegovernment'sreluctaneetobackit.Anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.【答案】[D]Anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?LessScreeningforMoreSafetyPreCheck-aBelatedSolutionGettingStuckinSecurityLinesUnderusedPreCheckLanes【答案】[B]PreCheck-aBelatedSolutionText2"TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,"wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpreseneeasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscieneeistheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland'sinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissaneetoday.Yetscieneehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,as讦answeringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicatesitsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.theimportaneeofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.【答案】[B]theimportaneeofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsiteduetoitsgeographicalfeaturesitsprotectivesurroundings.itsreligiousimplications.itsexistinginfrastructure.【答案】[A]itsgeographicalfeaturesTheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecauseitmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.theirculturewillloseachaneeofrevival.theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.【答案】[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomyisfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.willeventuallysoftenHawaiians'hostility.【答案】[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneofseverecriticism.passiveacceptanee.slighthesitancy.fullapproval.【答案】[D]fullapproval.Text3RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile."WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.RobertF.KennedyiscitedbecausehepraisedtheUKforitsGDP.identifiedGDPwithhappiness.misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.hadalowopinionofGDP.【答案】[D]hadalowopinionofGDP32.ltcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thattheUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.【答案】[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?Itissponsoredby163countries.ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.Itscriteriaarequestionable.Itsresultsareenlightening.【答案】[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhattheUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.【答案】[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLessonGDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealthRebortF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDPBrexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being【答案】[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLessonText4Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell'strialfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis"officialacts,"ortheformergovernor'sdecisionson"specific"and"unsettled"issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis"distasteful"and"nasty."Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan"officialact".Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery."Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,"wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,"assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns."Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety-thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.Theunderminedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourtavoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell'sduties.madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.wascontemptuousofMcDonnell'sconduct.refusedtocommentonMcDonnell'sethics.【答案】[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnell'sconduct.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyfitinvolvesleakingsecretsintentionally.sizablegainsintheformofgifts.concretereturnsforgift-givers.breakingcontractsofficially.【答案】[C]concretereturnsforgift-givers.Thecourt'srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsarejustifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.【答案】[A]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededtoawakentheconscieneeofofficials.guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.inspirehopesinaveragepeople.【答案】[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecourt'srulingissarcastic.tolerant.skeptical.supportive【答案】[D]supportivePartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedbox.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thefirstpublishedsketch,"ADinneratPoplarWalk"broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazine.Fromthenonhissketches,whichappearedunderthepenname"Boz"inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickens'sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becameanationalfigure.SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbytheten-famousartistRobertSeymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidenee,DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymour'spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment,DickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfeltwasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanewartist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836and1837,andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer.DickenscraftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.HetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter'seyefortranscribingthelifearoundhimespeciallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscuremagazines.DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritishnavypayoffice-arespectableposition,butwishlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents,astewardandahousekeeperpossessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken'smothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDicken'sbirth,hismother'sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.Thefamily'sincreasingpovertyforcedDickensoutofschoolatage12toworkinWarren'sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmockedhimas"theyounggentleman."Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfordebt.Thehumiliationsofhisfather'simprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryformedDicken'sgreatestwoundandbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife,althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTwist,etracesanorphan'sprogressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.ThepopularityofthesenovelsconsolidatedDichens'asanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanofletters.D—41.—42.—43.—44.—B—45.【答案】[F]DickenswasborninPortsmouth[E]Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison[A]Thefirstpublishedsketch[C]SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared[G]AfterPickwick,DickensplungedintoableakerworldPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld'sprimarylanguageforinternationalcommunicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturechangecouldstarttodiminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoyadvantagefromthebreathofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.ThoserealisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddolHisanalysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishissostablethattheyounggenerationoftheUnitedKingdomdonotneedadditionallanguagecapabilities.DavidGraddolconcludesthatmonoglotEnglishgraduatesfaceableakeconomicfutureasqualifiedmultilingualyoungstersfromothercountriesareprovingtohaveacompetitiveadvantageovertheirBritishcounterpartsinglobalcompaniesandorganizations.Alongsidethat,(48)manycountriesareintroducingEnglishintotheprimary-schoolcurriculumbutBritishschoolchildrenandstudentsdonotappeartobegaininggreaterencouragementtoachievefluencyinotherlanguages.Iflefttothemselves,suchtrendswilldiminishtherelativestrengthoftheEnglishlanguageininternationaleducationmarketsasthedemandforeducationalresourcesinlanguages,suchasSpanish,ArabicorMandaringrowsandinternationalbusinessprocessoutsourcinginotherlanguagesuchasJapanese,FrenchandGerman,spreads.(49)ThechangesidentifiedbyDavidGraddolallpresentclearandmajorchallengestoUK'sprovidersofEnglishlanguageteachingtopeopleofothercountriesandtobroadereducationbusinesssectors.TheEnglishIanguageteachingsectordirectlyearnsnearly&1.3billionfortheUKininvisibleexportsandourothereducationrelatedexploresearnupto&10billionayearmore.Astheinternationaleducationmarketexpands,therecentslowdowninthenumberofinternationalstudentsstudyinginthemainEnglish-speakingcountriesislikelytocontinue,especiallyiftherearenoeffectivestrategicpoliciestopreventsuchslippage.Theanticipationofpossibleshiftsindemandprovidedbythisstudyissignificant:(50)Itgivesabasistoallorganizationwhichseektopromotethelearningandverydifferentoperatingenvironment.Thatisanecessaryandpracticalapproach.Inthisasinmuchelse,thosewhowishtoinflueneethefuturemustprepareforit.【答案】但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。因此，对于那些认为英语的国际地位无懈可击、甚至觉得他们的年青后辈们不需要学习其他语言的人而言，他的分析可能会给他们的骄傲自大画上一个句号。众多国家正在将英语引进小学课程，但是，毫不夸张地说，英国学童和学生似乎没有受到更多的鼓励去学会流利地使用其他语言。大卫•葛拉尔多所发现的变化给教授他国人士英语的英国机构以及更广阔的教育市场带来了显而易见的巨大挑战。这给所有致力于推广英语学习和使用的机构提供了一个制定规划的依据，上我们能够应对未来完全不同的操作环境里出现的各种可能性。SectionIIIWritingPartADirections:YouaretowriteanemailtoJamesCook,anewly-arrivedAustralianprofessor,recomme