高中英语人教版本册总复习 高质作品4

时量：120分钟满分：150分第I卷第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdothespeakersneedtobuy?A.AcakeB.DessertsC.Drinks2.Whatisthemanprobablygoingtodo?A.SeeafilmB.BuyajacketC.Climbmountains3.Whatisthemandoing?A.DrivingB.ReadingC.Shopping4.HowdidthewomangettoFrance?A.ByshipB.BytrainC.Byplane5.Howmuchwillthemanpayforrentingtheflatforamonth?A.$800B.$880C.$1,000第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7两个小题。6.Whatdidthemandoyesterdayevening?A.HewenttoaconcertB.HevisitedafriendC.Hewatchedamovie7.Whendidthemoviestart?A.7:20.B.7:40p.m.C.8:00.听第7段材料，回答第8至10三个小题。8.Whatdoesthemanwanttobuyforhisdaughter?A.AcompositionbookB.AsetofstorybooksC.Amagazine9.WhereisReaders’Digest?A.InthefirstaisleonthefirstfloorB.OnthefourthshelfinthesecondaisleupstairsB.Onthefourthshelfinthethirdaisleupstairs听第8段材料，回答第11至13三个小题。11.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.TheirhabitsB.TheirfamiliesC.Theirneighbors12.What’stheman’sproblem?A.Hecan’tfallasleepB.Hecan’ttoleratethedrillingnoiseC.Hecan’thandinthereportontime13.What’sthemangoingtodo?A.TotaketherestoftheafternoonoffB.TocomplaintothepersoninchargeoftheconstructionsiteC.Totalktothedrillingman听第9段材料，回答第14至16三个小题。14.Whatisthemandoing?A.CheckinginatahotelB.CheckingoutatahotelC.Checkinghisreservation15.Howlongwilltheman’sfriendsstayatthehotel?A.ForfivenightsB.ForfournightsC.Forthreenights16.Whatisthespecialrequestforoneoftheman’sfriends?A.Hewantsanon-smokingroomB.HeneedsanInternetconnectionC.Heroommustbecleanedatonce听第10段材料，回答第17至20四个小题。17.WhoarethePathfinderReaders’Clubmainlyfor?A.BooksellersB.PublishersC.Youngpeople18.Whatopportunitydoestheclubprovideforreaders?A.GettingbooksinPathfinderbookstoresforfreeB.GoingouttobroadentheirworldoutlookC.Talkingaboutreadingexperiencesandexpressingthemselves19.Howmanymembersdoestheclubaccepteveryyearatmost?A.50B.20C.3020.Whatdiscountdoesafamilycardinthecluboffer?A.A10%discountB.A15%discountC.A20%discount第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选涂黑。ADearCustomers,Iloveslippingintoacomfortablechairforalongread,asIrelaxintothechair.Ialsorelaxintotheauthor’swords,stories,andideas.Thephysicalbookissoelegantthatitdisappearsintothebackground,andwhatremainsistheauthor’sworld.Today,weatAmazonareexcitedtoannounceKindle,awireless,portablereadingdevicewithinstantaccesstomorethan90,000books,magazines,andnewspapers.We’vebeenworkingonKindleformorethanthreeyears.OurtopdesignobjectivewasforKindletodisappearinyourhands—togetoutoftheway—soyoucanenjoyyourreading.Wealsowantedtogobeyondthephysicalbook.Kindleiswireless,sowhetheryou’relyinginbedorridingatrain,youcanthinkofabook,andhaveitinlessthan60seconds.Nocomputerisneeded—youdoyourreadingdirectlyfromthedevice.Wechosethesamewirelesstechnologyusedinadvancedmobilephones.Butunlikemobilephones,therearenomonthlywirelessbills,noserviceordataplans,andnoyearlycontracts.Thereisnosoftwaretoinstall(安装，设置).Wewantyoutogetlostinyourreadingandnotinthetechnology.Kindleusesanewkindofdisplaycalledelectronicpaper.Sharpandnaturalwithnostronglight,readingonKindleisnothinglikereadingfromacomputerscreen.Kindleweighsonlyounces—lessthanapaperback—butcancarrytwohundredbooks.EnjoylearningaboutKindleandmanythanks！21.Thispassagemostprobablyisa(n)_____.

A．newsstory

B．advertisement

C．labreport

D．letterofthanks22.FromthepassagewelearnthatKindleisadevicewhich_____.

A．hasneitherwiresnorweight

B．isoperatedbyacomputer

C．canfindabookwithinoneminute

D．canworkintheabsenceofelectricity23.Withthedevice,thereaderisableto_____.

A．getridofheavybooksmadeofpaper

B．improvereadingskills

C．gainaccesstofreesoftware

D．enjoyreadingwhendrivingacar

BGoatsarebeinghiredtodotheworkofmeninaneighborhoodjustoutsideofSanDiego.ThefiresthatoccurredinHillboroughfouryearsagodestroyedthirtyhomes,mostofwhichhavebeenrebuilt.Whilethehomewererebuilt,thegrasses,bushes,andshrubswerere-growing.Theareaisnowsoovergrowninbrushthatitagainbringsamajordangeroffire.Thecitygovernmentaskedforbids(投标)toremovethebrush.Thelowestbidtheyreceivedwas$50,000.Andthatwasifthecityprovidedbreakfastandlunchfortheworkcrewsforthesixweeksitwouldtaketocleartheovergrownarea.Thecitygovernmentsaidno,offeringunlimitedcoffeeandadoughnutadayforeachcrewmember.Whenthatofferwasrejected,thecityaskedforhelponitswebsite.AsheepherderinMontanaandagoat-herderinSanBernardinoreadaboutthecity’sproblemwhilesurfingthewebontheirlaptops.Theybothofferedtodothejobfor$25,000.Thegovernmentchosethegoat-herderbecausehelivedcloser.Whentoldthatthecitydumpwasoverflowing,thegoat-herdersaid,“Noproblem.Mygoatswilleateverythinginyourdump.Exceptfortheautomobileengines,ofcourse.”So,foranother$5,000,thecitykilledtwobirdswithonestone.Ifallgoeswell,theywillinvitethegoat-herderandhis“family”backeverythreeyears.Thegoat-herdersaidhewillprobablyvisitSanDiegowhilehisgoatsareinthedump.“Iwanttogotherebyplane;Ijusthopewedon’tcrash.Mygoatswouldmissmealot,”hesaid.24.Whatfacesthecitygovernmentasaseriousproblem?A.Firesdestroyedthirtyhomesinaneighborhoodfouryearsago.B.Thespeedofrebuildingthehousesisreallytooslow.C.Theovergrowingplantsinthisareahavemadethecitylookterrible.D.Theovergrowingplantsinthisareahavebecomeabigdangeroffire.25.Thecitygovernmentrejectedthe$50,000bidbecause_______.A.itthoughtthatthepriceforremovingthebrushwastoohighB.itexpectedforbetterhelponitswebsiteC.itthoughtthatcoffeeanddoughnutswerethebestthingsfortheworkcrews.D.itdidn’twanttosupplybreakfastandlunchfortheworkcrews.26.Thegoat-herderwaschosentodothejobbecause___.A.heofferedtodoitforthelowerpriceB.itwaseasiertotransporthisgoatsC.goatscandothejobbetterthanthesheepD.thecitywantedtoraisemoregoats.27.Whatarethe“twobirds”thatthecitygovernmentkillswithonlyonestone?A.Boththesheepherderandgoat-herderwillworkforthecityforhalfofthemoneyB.Thedangeroffireinaneighborhoodandprovidingbreakfastandlunchfortheworkcrews.C.Thedangeroffireinaneighborhoodandtheoverflowingdump.D.Thecitygovernmentcansavesomemoneyandthegoat-herderhasanewjob.CThesocialsciences,asthenameshows,arethescientificstudyofthebehaviorofhumanbeings,bothingroupsandindividually.Thereisnopastorpresentinformationofhumanbeingswhowerenotingroups.Thegroupsmaybesmall,likethefamily,orlarge,likeacityornation.Butinordertoreachcompletedevelopment,manmustbeamemberofasociety.Itistruethatsomeindividualsaremoresolitarythanothers.Somelikemonksorhermitsmaydecide,forreligiousorotherreasons,toleavetheirsocietyandlivealone.Buttheseareunusualindividuals,andeventheycannotseparatethemselvescompletelyfromtherestofmankind.Asociety,then,seemstobethenaturalenvironmentofmankind.Scholarswhostudymankindinsocialorganizationsarecalledsocialscientists.Thehumanbehaviorwhichsocialscientistsstudyislearnedbehavior.Thebehaviorofthehumanbodyasalivingorganismisstudiedbythebiologist,thebiochemist,orthephysician.Thisbehaviorofman’sphysicalbodyisinheritedthroughthegeneticdevelopmentofhisspecies.Forexample,allphysicallynormalandhealthyhumanslearntowalkastheirbodiesgrowanddevelop.Socialscientistsconcernthemselveswiththebehaviorthatmanmustlearnsothathecantakehisplaceinasocialgroup.Inordertobeafunctioningmemberofthatgroup,eachmembermustlearntobehaveinawayacceptableaccordingtothedifferencesamongsocieties.Thesocialscientistsarenewcomerstoacademicstudies.Bytheendofthe19thcentury,thenaturalscienceshaddevelopedamethod,bywhichtheywereabletounderstandthephysicalworld.Byusingthescientificmethod,chemists,physicists,andastronauts,forexample,learnedagreatdealabouttheuniverse.Itseemedreasonabletoapplythesamemethodtothestudyofman’ssociallife.Throughthiskindofstudymanmaylearntounderstandhimselfmuchbetter.Thescientificmethodisawayofcollectingfactsinordertodescribeanexistingsituationascorrectlyandcompletelyaspossible.Thedescriptionmustconsistonlyofwhatcanbeperceived(领悟),analyzed,measuredandrecorded.Feelingsandpersonalopinionsorideashavenoplaceinscientificdescription.Thefactmustbeobservedanddescribedinsuchawaythatanotherscientistcouldrepeatthesamestudyandgetthesameresults.28.WhatisTRUEaboutallhumanbeings?A.TheyaremoreorlesssolitaryB.Theyallbelongtoclubs.C.Theyareallmembersofgroups.D.Theyseparatethemselvesfromtherestofmankind.29.Howdoesasocialbehaviordifferfromphysicalbehavior?A.Itislearnedinasocialgroup.B.Itislearnedorinheritedgenetically.C.Itisdependsongeneticdevelopment.D.Itisthesameforallhumanbeings.30.Whatdoesasocialscientiststudy?A.Thefamilyanditsmembers.B.Humanbeingsasmembersofgroups.C.Allfamilies,citiesandnations.D.Thebehaviorsofallthespecies.31.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtakenintoaccountinthescientificmethod?A.Carefulobservations.B.Accuratemeasurements.C.Truefeelingsandpersonalideas.D.Areasonableanalysis.DAlibabastartedtakingtheleadinChina,simplyenough,byconnectingbigChinesemanufacturers(制造商)withbigbuyersacrosstheworld.Itsbusiness-to-businesssite,allowedbusinesstobuyalmosteverything.Alibaba’sadvantagewasn’thardtoidentify:size.Alibabaisjustbig,evenbyChinesestandards.Itsmarketplacesattract231millionactivebuyers,8millionsellers,billionordersayear—andAlibabaisjustthemiddleman.Itencouragespeopletouseitsmarkets—notchargingsmallsellersapercentageofthesale.

IfyouwantaquicklookintotheinfluenceofAlibabaondailyChineselife,takemyexperience.Imovedto

Beijing

almostayearagoandquicklygottiredofvisitingsmallstoresacrossthecrowded,pollutedcityof20millionpeopleinsearchofnewelectronics,bathroomfurnishings.“You’relookingforwhatexactly?Whynottryit?”myChineseteacheraskedmeoneday.Withthat,mywonderfulnewrelationshipwithAlibababegan.

Alibaba’soriginalbusiness-to-businessmodelnowissecondarytoconsumerbuying.Chineseretail（零售）buyingmakesup80%ofAlibaba’sprofit,andleadingthatgroupisTaobao,with800millionitemsforsaleandthemostunbelievableselectionofthingsyou’lleverfind.isAlibaba’sotherbigsite,whereyoucanfindbrandnamegoodsfromNikeandUnilevernearthelowestprices.

IhavealistofsomeofmyrecentpurchasesonTaobaoforasenseofhowextensive(广阔)themarketplaceis.Almosteverythingarrivedadayortwoafterorderingwithfreeshipping.I’mnotevenabigbuyer,becauseIneedfriendstohelpmesearchtheChinese-languagesite.WhenIwassearchingmypurchasehistoryonmyChineseteacher’siPad,whichhelpsmebuygoods,Ilookedthroughwithgreatdifficultyabout10ofherpurchasesforeveryoneofmine.32.Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage?

A.Alibabaisofmiddlesizeamongalltheonlinesites

B.Alibabaactsasabridgebetweenthebuyersandsellers.

C.Alibabastandsoutasthebestonlinesite.

D.Alibabawillcontinuetodevelop.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Anewstore

B.Alibaba

C.Abusiness

D.Aforeignwebsite34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Alibaba’sbusiness-to-businessserviceearnsmoremoneythanretailnow.

B.Taobaohasnoobviousadvantageoverothersimilaronlinesites.C.Theauthor’sChineseteacherisalsoanonlinepurchaselover.D.providesmoreprofitthanTaobao.35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Alibabagreatlyinfluencespeople’sdailypurchasein

China.B.Theinfluenceofshoppingonlinegoesbeyondtraditionalshopping.C.ShoppingonlineisTaoBao.D.Howtheauthorpurchasesonlinein

China.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Failureisinevitableifwearetosucceedinlife.Unfortunately,manypeoplearenotawareofhowtoovercomefailure,andtheyarestoppedbyitwhentheyencounterone.※__36___Whenwefail,wemightbetemptedtothinkthatwehavewastedourtimeandthusfeelregretfulaboutit.Butthatshouldnotbethecase.Thefactthatyouhavedonesomethingismuchbetterthandoingnothing.Behappyandmoveon.Theregretliesnotindoing,butinnotdoing.

※__37___Failureistherenotwithoutareason.It’stheretogiveyouthewisdomyouneedtosucceed.Eachfailureyouencounterincreasesyourwisdomandbringsyouonestepclosertosuccess.Ifyouhavethis,youwillseefailuredifferently.Youwillseeeachfailureasanopportunitytolearn.

※__38___Whilefailurebringsyouwisdom,howmuchwisdomyouwillgetdependsentirelyonyourabilitytoharvestit.Sodon’twastetheopportunitytolearn.Ifyoufailtodothis,youmaywastealotoftimebyrepeatingthesamemistakesinthefuture.

※Don’tgiveup;maybeyouareonlyonestepawayfromsuccess

Thethoughtofgivingupistempting,especiallywhenwehavefailedoverandoveragain.Butwhoknowsthatmaybeyouareonlyonestepawayfromsuccess?Willyouabandonthelongjourneyyouhavepassedwhenyouarealreadysoclosetoyourdestination?__39___

※__40___Youshouldkeepontryingandbeenthusiasticasyouusedtobe.Otherwiseyourlatereffortwillhavelessandlesspower.

Manypeoplewhoachievinggreatundertakingshavenospecialquality.Theyarejustordinarypeoplewithextraordinaryattitude.Let’sbeoneofthem.

A.Makegreateffortssothatwecansucceed.B.Soholdontightanddon’tgiveup.C.Understandthatfailureistheretobringyouwisdom

D.Cheerupanddon’tfeelsorry.E.MaintainyourenthusiasmF.Learnasmuchaspossiblefromthefailure

G.Learnthateveryfailureresultsfromwisdom.第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。YesterdayafternoonIwentbackhomeandfoundthedoortomyhousehadbeenopened.Thehousehadnotbeenbrokenintobecausethe41hadbeensafelyundone(打开)andplacedontheroofofthekennel(狗窝)wherewenormallyputit.Onthedoormat(垫)wasapairofshoes42tomywifeandthismademebelievethatitwasshewhohad43thedoor.Thiswas44becausesheisalwaystheonecominghome45intheeveningfromwork.Beingabanker,thenatureofherjob46hertostayouttillaround7:30intheevening.Ienteredthehouseand47directlytothebedroomwhereIthoughtshewas.Ithoughtshewas.IfoundshehadcoveredherfacewithablanketwhenIenteredthe48,andshebecamequiteemotionalandstartedweeping49.Itriedtoaskherwhatwaswrong,butshecouldn’t50it.Iguessedthatmaybeshehadbeen51thatoneofherrelativeswasdead.Isatherdownonthebedandbroughtheraglassofwastertohelphercooldown.Whenshehadcalmeddown,shetoldme,“Iam52myjob.Someclients53forloanstwoweeksagoandIwas54withensuringthattheprocessingtheloanswascompleted.Thebankhaddelayedprocessingtheloansandsomecustomershavebeen55meandinsultingmeonthephoneandonsocialmedia.Thebankadministratorshavebeenvery56torespondtotheapplicationsandIfeelthatthisisa(n)57.”Ilookedatherkeenlyandtoldher,“Darling,ifyouwanttoshed(流)tearsbecauseofwhatpeoplesayorthinkaboutyou,thenyoutearswillfillbarrelsbeforeyoudie.Our58won’thelpinfinishingyourenemiesbutwillhelptheminfinishingyou.Thepainofbeing59mightsometimesbestrong,butstill,itcostsus60toforgetandmoveon.”41.A.chain B.window C.door D.lock42.A.giving B.belonging C.holding D.bringing43.A.broken B.knocked C.repaired D.opened44.A.bad B.unusual C.horrible D.astonishing45.A.late B.early C.safely D.forward46.A.allows B.orders C.requires D.inspires47.A.aimed B.headed C.turned D.pointed48.A.bedroom B.kitchen C.yard D.study49.A.secretly B.suddenly C.discontentedly D.uncontrollably50.A.evaluate B.hear C.explain D.remember51.A.advised B.cheated C.asked D.informed52.A.absentfrom B.fedupwith C.carefulabout D.busywith53.A.called B.acted C.accounted D.applied54.A.concerned B.charged C.served D.disappointed55.A.tracking B.judging C.calling D.interviewing56.A.anxious B.slow C.careless D.unable57.A.assumption B.challenge C.punishment D.argument58.A.sickness B.weakness C.reference D.bitterness59.A.insulted B.blamed C.betrayed D.rejected60.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing第II卷第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第二节（共10小题；每小题分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Itiswonderfulthatyouarefinally61(interest)intheInternet.Nowwecanuseittokeepintouch.YoucanmakenewfriendsandfindinformationontheInternettoo.Youcaneitherbrowse,62meansjustlookingatgeneralinformation,63useasearchenginetosearch.Justtypeinwhatyouwanttoknowandtheprogramwillhelpyou64(find)whatyouwant.Itwillgiveyoualistofweb65(address).Thesearealllinks.Thatmeansyoucanclickonthem,andtheInternetwilltakeyoutodifferentwebsites.Sometimesyouwillgo66(direct)tothewebpagewiththeinformationyouneed.Othertimes,youwillfind67(you)atthehomepage.Thatis68firstpageofawebsite.Ifyoudon’tfindwhatyouneed,youcanclickonthebackarrowandreturn69thepreviouspage.Ifittakesalongtimeforapagetoappearonyourscreen,youclicktherefreshbutton,andusuallyitwillappearfaster.Ifyouwanttokeepthepageavailable70doingsomethingelse,justminimizeit.Itwillwaitatthebottomofthescreen.第四部分写作（共三节，满分45分）第一节双向翻译（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）请根据上下文内容，将文中划线部分译成汉语或英语，并将答案转写在答题卡上。OnegreatweaknessoftheInternet,though,isthat71.人们很难知道这些信息是否真实和准确。ThehugeamountoffalseinformationontheInternetbecomesmoreofaproblemeveryday.AnotherdisadvantageoftheInternetisthewaythatitisaffectingpeople’sprivatelives.72.Infact,someyoungpeoplespendsomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesontheInternetthattheyhavebecomeaddictedtothem.Tohelpsolvethisproblem,aspecialclinicwasopenedinBeijingin2023.OneunfortunateoutcomeofInternetuseisthatitisaffectingpeople’sprivatelives.Oneuniversitydidastudyaboutthestudentswhohaddroppedout,andfoundthat73.百分之四十三的人是网迷。Thisstudyshowthat74.peoplewhospendtoomuchtimeontheInternettendtowithdrawfromthepeopleandtheworldaaroundthem.75.TheseareallnegativeeffectstheInternethasonourlives.IfeelitisimportantforuseithertolimitouruseoftheInternet,ortolearnhowtohandletheproblemsithascaused.第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）下列句中各有一个错，请把错处改正。其他部分不得更动。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在右边横线上写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在右边横线上写出改正后的词。76.Howacupuncturereducespainarenotclear.77.Thefoodmusthavegonebad,foritsmellsterribly.78.Followthetips,yourtimewillbemuchmoreworthwhile.79.BecauseitseemsthattheprimaryuseofcomputersistoresearchontheInternet,theyalsohavemanyotherdiverseapplications.80.Hearingthebell,Janegotupfromherchairandgotoanswerthedoor.81.Computersareoneofthegreatestinventioninourtime.82.Theywouldn’thaveachievedtheirsuccessiftheyhadbeenabandonedtheirdreams.83.Whenonthepavement,cyclistsshouldwalknexttotheirbicyclestoavoidcauseanyaccident.84.Youshouldmakegooduseforyoursparetime,sothatcanimproveyourmarksatschool.85.AsanuniquecontributingoftraditionalChinesemedicine,acupuncturespreadtomanyotherAsiancountries.第三节书面表达（满分25分）最近，你们班召开了一次以“HowtousetheInternet”为主题的班会，大家分析了网络使用的利与弊，也提出了网络使用的一些建议，请你综合以下提示，向学校广播站写一篇英语报道，谈谈使用网络的利与弊，并向全体同学提出使用建议。利：1.便于生活、工作、学习2.……弊：1.长期接触网络游戏，学习成绩下降，身体越来越糟糕2.……使用建议：1.远离不健康网站2.……注意：100词左右（不含已写好部分）HowtousetheInternetRecently,theuseoftheInternetisbecomingmoreandmorefrequent._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________湖南师范大学附属中学2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题英语参考答案1-5CCACA6-10CABCC11-15CBBAB16-20ACCAC21．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theareaisnowsoovergrowninbrushthatitagainbringsamajordangeroffire.”可知，灌木丛的过度生长带来的火灾隐患是政府面临的一个严峻问题，故D项正确。

22．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Andthatwasifthecityprovidedbreakfastandlunchfortheworkcrewsforthesixweeksitwouldtaketocleartheovergrownarea.Thecitygovernmentsaidno,offeringunlimitedcoffeeandadoughnutadayforeachcrewmember.”可知，政府被要求为工作人员提供六个星期的早餐和午餐，但政府只想为每一个工作人员每天提供咖啡和一个甜甜圈，所以政府拒绝了那个$50,000的投标，故D项正确。

23．B【解析】推理判断题。根据上文内容可知，政府拒绝为工作人员提供早餐和午餐，可见政府很吝啬，只想着节约成本，再结合第三段中的“Thegovernmentchosethegoat-herderbecausehelivedcloser.”可知，政府选择那个牧羊人是因为他住的地方离圣地亚哥较近，也就是更容易运输山羊，以便节省运费，故B项正确。

24．C【解析】细节理解题。根据前两段内容可知，政府利用牧羊人的山羊能够成功地消除灌木丛的过度生长带来的火灾隐患，再结合第三段中的“Whentoldthatthecitydumpwasoverflowing,thegoat-herdersaid,‘Noproblem.Mygoatswilleateverythinginyourdump.’…So,foranother$5,000,thecitykilledtwobirdswithonestone.”可知，城市回收站是满溢着的，而牧羊人的山羊会吃掉那里的溢出物，由此可知，政府的“一石二鸟”指的就是利用牧羊人的山羊成功地解决了这两个问题，故C项正确。【备注】本文是一个小故事，讲述了政府的“一石二鸟”之策，利用牧羊人的山羊成功地消除灌木丛的过度生长带来的火灾隐患，并解决了城市回收站里的溢出物问题。

25．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thereisnopastorpresentinformationofhumanbeingswhowerenotingroups…manmustbeamemberofasociety.”可知，每个个体都是集体的一份子，不能脱离集体而独立存在，故C项正确。

26．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thisbehaviorofman’sphysicalbodyisinheritedthroughthegeneticdevelopmentofhisspecies.”可知，人类的身体行为是遗传的，再结合“Socialscientistsconcernthemselveswiththebehaviorthatmanmustlearnsothathecantakehisplaceinasocialgroup…”可知，人类必须学习社会行为才能在集体中占据一席之地，由此可见身体行为和社会行为的不同之处是身体行为是遗传的，而社会行为是习得的，故B项正确。

27．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thesocialsciences,asthenameshows,arethescientificstudyofthebehaviorofhumanbeings…manmustbeamemberofasociety.”及“Scholarswhostudymankindinsocialorganizationsarecalledsocialscientists.”可知，社会学家研究的是人类在社会中作为个体与集体的关系，故B项正确。

28．C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Feelingsandpersonalopinionsorideashavenoplaceinscientificdescription.”可知，科学的方法中不包括情感、个人观点及想法，故C项正确。【备注】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了社会科学的定义及内容。

29．A【解析】考查推理判断。根据下文“Withthat,mywonderfulnewrelationshipwithAlibababegan”，由此可知it在此指代Alibaba。故选A。

30．A【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“WhenIwassearchingmypurchasehistoryonmyChineseteacher’siPad,whichhelpsmebuygoods,Ilookedthroughwithgreatdifficultyabout10ofherpurchasesforeveryoneofmine”可知我的语文老师是一位网购爱好者。故选A。

31．B【解析】考查主旨大意。本文中作者以自己在中国的亲身经历讲述了阿里巴巴对人们的日常购买产生的重要影响。故选B。

32．A【解析】考查细节理解。根据下文“Itencouragespeopletouseitsmarkets—notchargingsmallsellersapercentageofthesale”，可知阿里巴巴是中间商，在买方与卖方间充当着桥梁的角色。故选A。【备注】本文论述了阿里巴巴通过连接制造商与世界各地的大买主从而占据中国的主导地位，以及它对人们生活所产生的巨大影响。

33．D【解析】根据本段的句子“Behappyandmoveon.”及上下文语境可知，本段告诉我们失败的时候，不要认为浪费了时间并为此感到遗憾，应该振作起来，努力前行，故D项符合语境。

34．C【解析】根据本段的句子“It’stheretogiveyouthewisdomyouneedtosucceed.”及上下文可知，本段告诉我们失败会给我们成功所需要的智慧，故C项符合语境。

35．F【解析】根据本段的句子“Sodon’twastetheopportunitytolearn.”可知，本段告诉我们要从失败中学到更多的东西，故F项符合语境。

36．B【解析】根据本空前的“Butwhoknowsthatmaybeyouareonlyonestepawayfromsuccess?Willyouabandonthelongjourneyyouhavepassedwhenyouarealreadysoclosetoyourdestination?”可知，此处承接上文，鼓励我们坚持，不要放弃，故B项符合语境。

37．E【解析】根据本段内容特别是“Youshouldkeepontryingandbeenthusiasticasyouusedtobe.”可知，本段告诉我们前行的路上要充满激情，故E项符合语境。【备注】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍了一些战胜失败的好办法。

38．D【解析】考查名词。根据本空前的“Thehousehadnotbeenbrokeninto”可知，房子没有被破门而入，由此可知，门锁（lock）是被完好地打开的，故D项正确。

39．B【解析】考查动词。根据本空后的“andthismademebelievethatitwasshe”可知，这让“我”相信是“我”妻子开的门，此处是说门垫上的那双鞋是属于（belongto）“我”妻子的，故B项正确。

40．D【解析】考查动词。根据上文中的“thedoortomyhousehadbeenopened.”可知，门被打开了，此处是说门垫上那双鞋让“我”相信是她开（open）的门，故D项正确。

41．B【解析】考查形容词。根据本空后的“becausesheisalwaystheonecominghome”可知，她总是下班回家很晚，此处是说这种做法是异常的（