高中英语牛津译林版Unit1Schoollife unit1periodtwo

PeriodTwoWordpower&GrammarandusageⅠ.重点单词1．formeradj.以前的2．graduatevi.毕业；n.毕业生graduationn．毕业3．fluentadj.流利的fluentlyadv.流利地4．donatevt.捐赠donationn．捐献；赠送5．kindnessn．善意kindadj.好心的6．splendidadj.极佳的，非常好的7．independentadj.独立的independencen．独立Ⅱ.重点短语1．morethan超过，多于；不仅仅是2．allyearround全年3．makesure确保4．takegoodcareof照顾好5．graduatefrom毕业于……6．developaninterestin培养……的兴趣7．donate...to...把……捐赠给……8．thanksb.forsth.因某事感谢某人9．makeuseof利用10．foronething...，foranotherthing...一方面……，另一方面……Ⅲ.重点句式1．whether...orWhetherstudentswanttoexerciseorjustwantsomefun，theycanuseourgym.不管学生是想锻炼身体还是想随便玩玩，他们都可以使用我们的健身房。2．upon/on＋doingsth.Uponfinishinghisstudies，hestartedtravellinginChina.学业一结束，他便开始游历中国。重点词汇1．Aftergraduatingfromuniversity，hewenttoChinatostudyChineseatBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.大学毕业后，他去中国北京语言大学学习汉语。[归纳拓展](1)graduatevi.毕业；n.毕业生graduatefrom...毕业于……学校graduatein...毕业于……专业(2)graduationn．毕业aftergraduation毕业后[语境助记](1)Wehavesomeuniversitygraduatesinourfactory.我们工厂有一些大学生。(2)He’llgraduatefromcollegewithadegreeinlawnextyear.明年他就大学毕业了，将获得法学学位。(3)Whatareyougoingtodoaftergraduation？毕业后你打算做什么？[题组训练](1)大学毕业时，他主动提出去西藏教书。Whenhegraduatedfromcollege，heofferedtogoandteachinTibet.(2)Aftertheuniversity，hewassenttoworkinafactoryinabigcity.A．graduate B．graduatefromC．graduating D．graduatingfrom答案D解析句意为：大学毕业后，他被派到一座大城市的一家工厂工作。after为介词，后接v.­ing形式，graduatefrom从……毕业。2．Hedonatedmostofthemtoourschoollibrary.他把大多数(书、字典、画和照片)都捐给了我们的校图书馆。[归纳拓展](1)donatev．捐献，捐赠donatesth.to...把某物捐给……(2)donationn．捐献，捐赠makeadonation/donations(ofsth.tosb.)捐献/捐款(某物给某人)[语境助记](1)Ourschoolwilldonate500copiesofdifferentvaluablebookstoyourclass.(2023·天津)我们学校将赠送给你们班500本不同的、有价值的书。(2)Shemadeadonationof5,000totheChildren’sHospital.她捐了五千美元给儿童医院。[题组训练](1)这个商人捐给医院很多钱。Thebusinessmandonatedalotofmoneyto/madeadonationofalotofmoneytothehospital.(2)Ifmostbreadwinnersaday’spaytotheHopeProject，thenitwillbehopeful.A．gift B．presentC．donate D．give答案C解析句意为：如果大多数赚钱养家的人都向希望工程捐献出一天的所得，那么就大有希望了。donate所赠的对象一般是慈善事业或者机构；而present“赠送”，是正式地颁给某人，通常附有仪式，着重强调赠者和接受方的关系。3．Therestofthetimewhichtheyspendatschoolisusedforindependentstudy.他们在校的其他时间用于自学。[归纳拓展](1)independentadj.独立的，自主的beindependentofsb.不依赖某人；不受某人的影响(2)independencen．独立(3)dependentadj.依靠的，依赖的bedependenton/uponsb./sth.依赖某人/某物(4)dependencen．依靠；依赖[语境助记](1)Heisveryfarfrombeingindependent.他现在还远不能自立。(2)Shestruggledfortheindependenceofhercountryallherlife.她为自己祖国的独立而奋斗终生。(3)I’llneverbedependentonanyoneagain；I’dratherstarve.我再也不依赖任何人了，我宁愿饿死。[题组训练](1)我从前依赖父母；现在我独立了。Iusedtobedependentonmyparents.NowIamindependentofthem.(2)Nowheis20anddecidestobeindependenthisfamily.A．in B．ofC．on D．with答案B解析句意为：现在他20岁了，决定从他的家庭独立出来。beindependentof独立于……，不依赖……。故选B项。4．Withsomuchfreetime，studentswhodonotmakegooduseoftheirtimemaynotpasstheirexams.有如此多的空闲时间，没有好好利用的学生可能无法通过考试。[归纳拓展]makeuseof利用，使用(相当于takeadvantageof)makefull/gooduseof充分(好好)利用makeno/littleuseof没有利用comeintouse开始使用bring/put...touse加以使用It’snousedoing...做……没用。[语境助记](1)Weshouldmakefulluseoftimetostudy.我们应当好好利用时间学习。(2023·广东)(2)Whendidtelephonefirstcomeintouse?什么时候电话开始使用的？(3)It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.事已至此，后悔也没有用了。[题组训练](1)她利用业余时间进行体育锻炼。Shemakesuseofhersparetimetoworkout.(2)那辆新车将于下月开始使用。Thenewcarwillbeputintouse/comeintousenextmonth.(3)Thebossinsistedthateveryminuteshouldbemadefulluseoftheworkwell.A．todo B．doingC．doing D．todo答案A解析句意为：老板坚持要求充分利用每分钟去把工作做好。makeuseof...todosth.利用……做某事。经典句式Uponfinishinghisstudies，hestartedtravellinginChina.学业一结束，他便开始游历中国。[归纳拓展](1)Uponfinishinghisstudies作时间状语，相当于assoonas引导的时间状语从句。(2)on或upon后也可接名词，意义和on/upondoing一样都表示“一……就……”。(3)表示“一……就……”的其他常见词语或结构：immediately，instantly，directly；theinstant/moment/minute；nosooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when...。[语境助记](1)On/Uponhisarrival/arriving，heinformedusofthenews.他一到达就告诉了我们这个消息。(2)Sheburstintolaughtertheinstantshereadtheletterfromhersister.她一看到她妹妹的来信就笑起来了。[题组训练](1)他一到家就打开了电视。On/Uponarrivinghome，heturnedonthetelevision.(2)，shehurriedtothenearbyrestauranttogetsomethingtoeat.A．Uponarrival B．UponarrivedC．Whenarrival D．Whenarrived答案A解析句意为：她一到就去附近的餐厅吃东西了。“upon/on＋名词/动名词”意为“一……就……”，相当于assoonas引导的时间状语从句，故A项正确。C、D两项若改成whenshearrived或whenarriving也是正确的。Ⅰ.词形变换1．Aslongasthereiskindness(kind)，theworldwillbecomemorebeautiful.2．Iwonanationalprizeforpainting(paint)lastweek.3．Sheisastrongandindependent(dependent)womanwhoneedsnohelpfromothers.4．HowIwishIcouldspeakEnglishasfluently(fluent)asanativespeaker!5．Ayearaftergraduation(graduate)，Iwasofferedapositionteachingawritingclass.Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(morethan，graduatefrom，developaninterestin，makeuseof，donate...to)6．ItwasinOxfordUniversitythathedevelopedaninterestinChineseculture.7．It’ssonicetohearfromher.Believeitornot，welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.8．Alexanderdonatedmostofhisartcollectionstothemuseumlastmonth.9．ItwillbetwoyearsbeforeIgraduatefromhighschool.10．Youcannotchoosewhatyouaregiven，butyoucanchoosehowyoumakeuseofit.Ⅲ.完成句子11．他们正在谈论一些我根本不知道的作家和作品。Theyaretalkingaboutsomewritersandworksthatareunknowntomeatall.12．他是我认识的最勤奋的学生。Heisthemostdiligentstudent(that)Ihaveknown.13．确保在做实验之前你已经懂了原理。Makesurethatyouhaveunderstoodthetheorybeforeyoudotheexperiment.14．我们是出去还是待在寝室取决于天气。Whetherwewillgooutorstayinthedormdependsontheweather.15．一下飞机，他就被守候的警察逮捕了。Upon/Ongettingofftheplane，hegotarrestedbythewaitingpolice.Ⅳ.单项填空16．onmycomputer，Ifoundane­mailfrommypenfriend，metospendthesummerholidayinhiscity.A．Onturning；invitedB．Onturning；invitingC．Whenhavingturned；toinviteD．Afterturning；inviting答案B解析第一个空考查on＋doing...结构，意为“一……就……”；第二个空为动词­ing形式作定语，和e­mail之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。17．—Doyouneedanyhelp，Lucy?—Yes.ThejobisIcoulddomyself.A．lessthan B．morethanC．nomorethan D．notmorethan答案B解析答话人同意接受对方的帮助，由此可知，这项工作超出了答话人的能力范围。morethan超过，多于，符合题意。lessthan少于；nomorethan不过，仅仅；notmorethan至多，不超过。18．Thethatourbodymakesfoodliesmainlyinourdigestion.A．advantage；of B．use；inC．use；of D．advantage；over答案C解析考查动词短语辨析。动词短语makeuseof中的名词use前置作为先行词，其余部分置于定语从句中。19．Tracywantedtobeofherparentsaftergraduation，andtriedtolivealone.A．aware B．confidentC．independent D．proud答案C解析beindependentof不依赖某人；beawareof意识到；beconfidentof确信；beproudof对……感到自豪。20．Somemodernteachingequipmentaswellashundredsofbookstotheruralschools.A．hadbeendonated B．wasdonatedC．havedonated D．weredonated答案B解析句意为：一些现代化的教学设备和数百本书籍被捐给了农村学校。aswellas连接两个名词或代词作主语时，句子的谓语形式与aswellas前的名词主语或代词在人称和数上保持一致；equipment是表示集合的不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词应用单数，而且donate与句子主语之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态；同时因为题干中没有另一个过去动作与“donate”对比，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。语法感知用恰当的关系代词填空1．Themanwho/thatbroughtourtextbookshereyesterdayisinnextroom.2．Themagazinewhich/thathehastakenawayismine.3．Thewomanwho/whom/thatyousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.4．Theletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdayisfrommysister.5．Thetrainwhich/thatwasgoingtoNanningwaslate.6．Theboywho/thatwashereaminuteagoismybrother.7．Iwanttotalktotheboywhosehomeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin.8．Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.语法精析一、定语从句的定义在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的某一名词或代词的从句为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，可以代表人、物或者全句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who，whom，whose，which，that，as等。关系副词：when，where，why等。关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个成分。例如：Thisisthebookthatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday.这就是我父亲昨天给我买的那本书。(thatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday是定语从句；thebook是先行词；关系代词that指代先行词thebook，在定语从句中作bought的宾语。)Thetimewhenhearrivesisunknown.他到达的时间还不知道。(whenhearrives是定语从句；thetime是先行词，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。)二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替先行词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1．指人的关系代词who，whom，whose，that的用法(1)作主语(who，that)。例如：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的那个人吗？Themanwho/thatistalkingwithMrWangisafamousdoctor.正在和王先生说话的那个人是一位有名的医生。(2)作宾语(who，whom，that)。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略。例如：Heistheman(whom/that)Isawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。Ishethedoctor(whom/that)youarelookingfor?他是你在找的那位医生吗？(3)作定语(whose)。例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。2．指物的关系代词which，whose和that的用法that既可指事又可指人，which指物，它们在从句中作主语或宾语；whose既可指事又可指人，在从句中作定语。which和that在从句中作宾语时常可省略。(1)作主语。例如：Themoneythat/whichisinthewalletismine.在这个钱包里的钱是我的。(2)作宾语。例如：Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包裹快散了。Thechair(which/that)youbrokeyesterdayisnowbeingrepaired.你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。(3)作定语(whose)。例如：Thehousewhoseroofneedsrepairingisonlythreeyearsold.(whoseroof＝ofwhichtheroof/theroofofwhich)那座屋顶需要修理的房子才建了三年。[题组训练1]用适当的关系代词填空1．Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisbrown?2．Isthisthecitythat/whichyouvisitedlastyear?3．Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.4．Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.5．Ihaveneverregrettedthedecisionthat/whichImadeyearsago.3．只用that，不用which的情况(1)当先行词为all，anything，everything，nothing，much，little，few，none，theone等不定代词或被any，no，theonly，thevery(恰好的)，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that。但注意，先行词为something时，用that或which皆可。例如：Therearefewbooksthatyoucanreadinthisbookstore.这家书店几乎没有什么你可以看的书。Heistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.他是唯一理解我的人。Thisistheveryquestionthatcameupatthemeeting.这正是开会时提出的问题。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttotellme?你有什么事情要告诉我吗？Allthatshouldbedonehasbeendone.该做的一切都做了。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLihassaid?你记下李先生所说的一切了吗？(2)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。例如：Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.这是今年放映的最好的一部电影。(3)当先行词既有人又有物时。例如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？[题组训练2]用适当的关系代词填空1．I’venevertakenanythingthatdidn’tbelongtome.2．ThisistheverybookthatIwant.3．She’sthemostinterestingsingerthatIhaveeverheardof.4．Theguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawatthechildren’spalace.5．Thefirstthingthatweshoulddonowistofindalocalguide.高考链接1．Ilivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2023·北京，22)A．whose B．whyC．where D．which答案A解析句意为：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。2．Acompanyprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.(2023·山东，10)A．which B．whoseC．who D．why答案B解析句意为：国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会去国外市场寻求机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company构成所属关系，故选择whose。3．Amongthemanydangerssailorshavetoface，probablythegreatestofallisfog.(2023·江西，28)A．which B．whatC．where D．when答案A解析句意为：在这些水手们必须面对的众多危险中，也许最大的危险是雾。在定语从句中关系代词which指代先行词themanydangers并在句中作动词face的宾语，可以省略。C、D两项都是关系副词，在定语从句中通常只作状语，不能作宾语；what不是定语从句的关系词。4．Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.(2023·陕西，13)A．that B．whichC．as D．what答案A解析先行词是information，指物，关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语，且先行词有不定代词all修饰，故关系词只能用that。5．TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2023.(2023·安徽，22)A．when B．whereC．why D．which答案D解析先行词是theexactyear，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语所以选D。6．Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthoseliveswereaffected.(2023·福建，27)A．whose B．thatC．who D．which答案A解析句意为：这本书透过生活受到地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。本题的先行词是those，表示人，定语从句的主语是lives，与先行词构成所属关系，应使用关系代词whose引导。7．Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.(2023·山东，35)A．when B．whereC．which D．whom答案C解析句意为：最后他到达了一个完全与外部世界隔绝的孤岛上。分析句子结构可知，后面为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以答案只能选C项。8．Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.(2023·湖南，21)A．whom B．whoC．what D．which答案B解析句意为：快乐和成功总是会眷顾那些善于认清自己的优点和特长的人。分析句子成分后可知，“aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths”是定语从句修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，所以用who引导。故答案选B。Ⅰ.单项填空1．Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn’tbefound.(2023·盐城阜宁中学高一上月考)A．that B．whereC．inwhich D．inthat答案A解析考查定语从句。句意为：狼将自己藏在别人找不到的地方。先行词为theplaces，在句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。2．Hangzhoumarathonisaraceaimistohelppeopleknowtheimportanceoftakingexercise.(2023·南通海安实验中学高一上期中)A．where B．whoseC．which D．that答案B解析考查定语从句。句意为：杭州马拉松比赛的目的是帮助人们意识到运动的重要性。先行词是arace，作名词aim的定语，为所属关系应该用关系代词whose。3．Iboughtthreebooks，andallofinteresting.(2023·沭阳高一上期中)A．whichare B．thatisC．whatis D．themare答案D解析句意为：我买了三本书，都很有趣。题干中关键词为并列连词and，所以本题是and连接的并列句，不是定语从句。若将and去掉，则选A。4．Wewillneverforgetthedayswespenttogetherlastyear.(2023·无锡江阴四校高一上期中)A．when B．howC．that D．onwhich答案C解析本题考查定语从句。句意为：我永远忘不了去年我们待在一起的那些日子。先行词为thedays，且在定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此用关系代词that或which，还可以省略。5．ThatisthemostbeautifulbuildingIvisitedlastyear.(2023·连云港赣榆高级中学高一上期中)A．where B．/C．which D．towhich答案B解析句意为：这是我去年参观过的最美的建筑。先行词为thebuilding且在定语从句中作visited的宾语，关系代词可用that，which或省略。但先行词被最高级themostbeautiful修饰，故此时只能用that不可用which。因此选B。6．Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A．heexplainedB．whatheexplainedC．howheexplainedD．whyheexplained答案A解析考查定语从句。句意为：这就是他在会上为他工作中的粗心解释出的原因吗？先行词为thereason，作explain的宾语，故使用关系代词或省略。7．BeingaChinese，Ifeelproudofmycountryandthecontributionshavebeenmadetotheworldculture.A．that B．whatC．it D．one答案A解析考查定语从句。句意为：作为一个中国人，我为我的国家和它对世界文化做出的贡献感到自豪。先行词是thecontributions，定语从句中缺少主语，故用that或which引导定语从句。what不能引导定语从句；it和one是代词，不能引导从句，故选A项。8．Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonefamilywaspoor.A．that B．whomC．ofwhose D．whose答案D解析family前缺少作定语用的关系代词，故选D项。9．Youdon’tneedtomakefancyfoodstoimpressguests—itissomethingsimplebutgoodwilldo.A．what B．thatC．inwhich D．who答案B解析句意为：你不必做花哨的食物来讨客人的欢心——简单美味的食物就可以了。分析句子结构可知，simplebutgood为something的后置定语，willdo为something的定语从句。先行词为something时，应该用that/which来引导定语从句。故选B。10．ThisistheverychanceI’mlookingforwardto.A．towhich B．whichC．whose D．that答案D解析先行词被序数词、最高级、thevery等修饰时，关系词用that。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2023·贵州凯里一中高一上月考)NewZealandisinthePacificOceanandit’smadeupoftwoislands：theNorthIslandandtheSouthIsland.Aboutathousandyearsago，theMaoripeoplecamefromtheislandsofthePacificOceantoNewZealandandmadeittheirhome.Sincethen，peoplehavecomefromallovertheworldtoliveinNewZealand.NewZealandhasthreeofficial(官方的)languages：English，MaoriandNewZealandSignLanguage.ManyplacesinNewZealandhaveMaorinames.“Kiaora”isaMaorilanguagegreeting(问候)．In1865，WellingtontookAuckland’splaceandbecamethecapital(首都)ofNewZealand，butthelargestcityisAuckland.BothcitiesareontheNorthIsland.NewZealandhashighmountains，activevolcanoes(火山)，lakes，rainforestsandbeautifulsandybeaches，whichmadeitalocationforthemovieTheLordoftheRings.NewZealandhasmild(温和的)temperaturesandlotsofsunshine.JanuaryandFebruaryarethewarmestmonthsoftheyear，whileJulyisthe.NewZealandhasmanyspecialbirds.Thebestknownisthekiwi.Thekiwi，aboutthesizeofalargechicken，can’tfly.ItisthesymbolofthecountryandyoucanfindpicturesofkiwisonNewZealandstampsandcoins.Thekiwiisnamedafteritscalls—kewe，kewe.NewZealandersarealsocalledKiwis，butveryfewNewZealandershaveeverseenakiwibirdinthewild!NewZealandisalsofamousforitssheep.TherearemillionsofsheeplivinginfarmsalloverNewZealand.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了太平洋国家新西兰。)11．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refersto.A．theNorthIslandB．theSouthIslandC．NewZealandD．thePacificOcean答案C解析代词指代题。根据本句中的“theMaoripeoplecamefromtheislandsofthePacificOceantoNewZealand”可知此处指新西兰，故选C。12．“Kiaora”probablymeans“”inEnglish.A．Hi B．GoodbyeC．Sorry D．Thanks答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“‘Kiaora’isaMaorilanguagegreeting(问候)．”可知是问候语，故选A。13．WecanlearnfromthepassagethatWellington.A．isontheSouthIslandB．becameacityin1865C．isthelargestcityinNewZealandD．isthecapitalcityofNewZealand答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In1865，WellingtontookAuckland’splaceandbecamethecapital(首都)ofNewZealand...”可知惠灵顿是新西兰的首都，故选D。14．WhichofthefollowingcanbeputintheblankinParagraph6?A．wettest B．driestC．hottest D．coldest答案D解析推理判断题。由while可知“Julyisthe”与前文“JanuaryandFebruaryarethewarmestmonthsoftheyear”形成对比，故选D。Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2023·盐城南洋中学高一上期中)Maybeyouareanaveragestudent.Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.Thisisnotnecessaryso，however.Anyonecanbecomeabetterstudentifheorshewantsto.Here’show：1．Planyourtimecarefully.Whenyouplanyourweek,youshouldmakealistofthingsthatyouhavetodo.Aftermakingthislist，youshouldmakeascheduleofyourtime.First，arrangeyourtimeforeating，sleeping,dressing,etc.Then，decideagood，regulartimeforstudying