被动语态讲解

被动语态ThePassiveVoice被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。Hisbrotherwashesbowlsevery

day.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsare

washedbyhis

brother

every

day.改为被动语态TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeilun.PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeilun.EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguageinUK.你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗？1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词变为被动语态Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主谓宾(受动者)Thelittlebaby

waslookedafterbyhimyesterday.Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago.2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTom

tomorrow.Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Thefarmerswillgrowdifferentkindsofvegetablesnextspring.UncleWangwillmendtheTVsettomorrow.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschoolyardtomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.Differentkindsofvegetableswillbegrownbythefarmersnextspring.TheTVsetwillbemendedbyUncleWangtomorrow.3.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词4．Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina．Gina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.5.Jimcoulddoityesterday.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.ItcouldbedonebyJimyesterday.练习：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.5.TheyproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.6.TheyspeakEnglishinCanada.

7.TheywritebusinesslettersinEnglish.

8.TheygrowriceinSouthChina.

9.TheyplantmanytreesinNorthChina.

10.LuXunwrotethisbook.

11.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.12.Wecanusetheboxasatable.

13.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday

被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g.Thestudentslisten

totheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool.

2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice…)3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见加to的动词有give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell…常见加for的动词有make,draw,buy…e.g.Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被动1Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday.被动2Aflowerisgiventomebyhimeveryday.e.g.Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.被动1Iwasboughtacomputerbymymother.被动2Acomputerwasboughtformebymymother.练习：将下列句子变为被动句。1.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.

LiLei’sfatherislistenedtocarefullybyLiLei.2.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.Thebabywaslookedafterbythemotherintheroom.3.Wetookcareofthethings.Thethingsweretakencareofbyus.4.Theygaveussomework.

Weweregivensomeworkbythem.Someworkwasgiventousbythem.5.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.

Theyweremadetolaughallthetimebytheboy.6.Mymotherbuysmeabike.

Abikeisboughtformebymymother.Iamboughtabikebymymother.

1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.EXERCISES

areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.

wasmadetohave

canbe

used3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.The

ticket

was

found

was

told9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.

we

were

given

were

giventous7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMust

be

finished10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.

wasasked

isdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemended

mustbe

taken14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?

is

studiedIs

talked

bythem下列时态的被动语态构成

1.Lucyiswateringthetrees.

2.Theboywasmendinghisbike.3.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.

看一看想一想Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Theroo