(2020年编辑)被动语态讲解及练习(附答案)

欢迎来主页被动语态讲解一、被动语态的构成形式被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone现在完成时例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3）am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般过去时例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeendone过去完成时例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6）was/werebeingdone过去进行时例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7）shall/willbedone一般将来时例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9）shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时（少用）例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋ be＋过去分词。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette可.改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词 see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3.非谓语动词的被动语态精品文档欢迎来主页v.+ing形式及不定式 todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二、如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构， 还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by短语)。例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.3.为了更好地安排句子。例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一个主语就够了）三、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”有：。Itissaidthat 据⋯说,Itisreportedthat 据报道⋯，Itisbelievedthat 大家⋯相信，Itishopedthat 大家⋯希望，Itiswellknownthat 众所⋯周知，Itisthoughtthat ⋯大家认为，Itissuggestedthat据建⋯议。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam（.＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam）.四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指门本身有毛病）Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable精品文档欢迎来主页五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1．在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。2．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?此(处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.5．在too⋯to⋯结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.在therebe⋯句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用 tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，谁losttime不明确。）7.在betodo结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?六、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。“under名+词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治疗中）,underrepair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在讨论中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎⋯⋯胜过⋯⋯、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyondbelief(令人难以置信)，beyondone’sreach（鞭长莫及），beyondone’scontrol（无法控制），beyondourhope．我们的成功始料不及。例Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过⋯⋯、高于⋯⋯”。精品文档欢迎来主页例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．4．“for+名词”结构，表示“适于⋯⋯、为着⋯⋯”。如：forsale(出售),forrent（出租）等。例Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).5．“in+名词”结构，表示“在⋯⋯过程中或范围内”常见的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在视野范围内)，等。例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)6．“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事⋯⋯中”。常见的有：onsale(出售)，onshow（展出）,ontrial（受审）。例Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).7．“outof+名词”结构；表示“超出⋯⋯之外“，常见的有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight（超出视线之外），outofone’sreach(够不着),outoffashion(不流行)等。例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can ’tbecontrolled)．。8．“within+名词”结构，“在⋯⋯内、不超过⋯⋯”。例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission.被动语态习题1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhaveto B．arenotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhaveto D．donotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.A.developed B.havedevelopedC.arebeingdeveloped D.willhavebeendeveloped____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentold B．I'vetold C．I'mtoldD．Itold4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesignedWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken精品文档欢迎来主页Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetupThatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.costLook!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totypeB．typingC．tobetypedD．typed14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedutoC.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaught C.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded___again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn ’tknowhowtodotheexercisesA.HavingtaughtB.Havingbeentaught C.taughtD.Teaching21)Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.A)designed B)hasbeendesignedC)willbedesigned D)willhavebeendesigned22)Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm____bythetimewegettothecinema.精品文档欢迎来主页willalreadyhavestartedshallhavealreadystarted

wouldalreadyhavestartedhasalreadybeenstarted23)Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastaken24)Diamond____inBrazilin1971.A)isfoundB)hasbeenfoundC)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound25)“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?”“Notyet.Theroom____.”A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispaintedC)paintsD)isbeingpainted26)Mypictures____untilnextFriday.A)won'tdevelopB)aren'tdevelopedC)don'tdevelopD)won'tbedeveloped27)Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployedC)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployed28)Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities____since1949.A)hasbeenestablishB)havebeenestablishedC)haveestablishedD)hadbeenestablished29)I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.A)wouldbefinedB)willbefinedC)willbeingfinedD)willhavebeenfined30)“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?”A)TheyhavebeengivenB)IhavebeengivenC)IamgivenD)Theyhavegiventome31)Thesubjectoftheselectures____bythelecturecommittee.A)isannouncedB)havebeenannouncedC)areannouncedD)hasbeenannounced32)Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.A)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)is33)Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloadingC)hadjustunloadedD)werejustbeingunloaded34)Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.A)overcomesB)isovercome精品文档欢迎来主页C)hasbeenovercomeD)overcome35)Mostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.A)wasnotB)werenotC)werenotbeingD)hadnotbeen36)Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now____sour.A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmelling37)Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.A)hadbeenwonB)iswonC)willbewonD)hasbeenwon38)Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowwhereshe____now.A)isB)wasC)hadbeenD)hasbeen39)Theyoungteacherhas____competent.A)beenproved