研究生计算机专业英语考试资料

精选一、把以下词汇翻译成英语（每题1分，共18分）1)散布式系统DistributedNetworkinteractionOperatingSystem10)拘束知足ConstraintSatisfaction2)命中率hitrate11)搜寻引擎searchengine3)管程monitor12)代理网关ProxyGateway4)互斥mutualexclusion13)关系代数relationalgebra5)临界区CriticalSection14)死锁检测deadlockdetection6)宽度优先搜寻breadthfirstsearch15)分形压缩Fractalcompression7)容错fault-tolerance16)布尔搜寻booleansearch8)嵌入式系统embeddedoperating17)地点解析协议AddressResolutionsystemProtocol9)人机交互human-computer18)素数定理primenumbertheorem二、把以下术语翻译成汉语（每个1分，共17分）1.portability可移植性10.spacecomplexity空间复杂2.hashcoding哈希编码度3.diskmirroring磁盘镜像11.patternmatch模式般配4.expansionslot扩展插槽12.Datawarehouse数据库房5.touchscreen触摸屏13.eigenvalue特点值6.Pagefault页面错误14.courseware课件7.virtualreality虚构现实15.collisiondetection矛盾检测8.Electroniccommerce电子商务16.ontology本体工程学9.instructionprefetch指令领取17.cross-platform跨平台三、写出以下缩写词的英文全称，并翻译成汉语（每题2分，共16分）GUIGraphicalUserInterface图形用户界面RISCReducedInstructionSetComputer，精简指令集计算机BLOBBinaryLargeObject二进制大对象AIArtificialIntelligence人工智能CADComputerAidedDesign计算机协助设计DSSDecisionSupportSystem决议支持系统USBUniversalSerialBUS通用串行总线-可编写-精选HTMLHyperTextMark-upLanguage超文本标志语言四、用英语回答以下问题（每题5分，共35分）1.Whatisthecommonstructureofapresentation?Andwhichpartsareimportantandmustbeexplainedclearly?Answer:Titleofthepresentation/name/affiliationoftheauthorOutlineWhy/WhatyouwanttodoPriorart/relatedwork/what’snewHowtodoResultsEvaluation:contributions/advantages/limitationsApplications/recommendationsConclusion/futurework“What’snew”“，howtodo”and，“results”areimportantandmustbeexplainedclearly.Whatistheclearstructureofascientificpaper?Whichsectionsdoyouneedtoaddressindetail?Answer:Ascientificpaperusuallyconsistsoftheabstract,keywords(optional),introduction,method,result,discussion(optional),conclusion\futurework,andreferenceIntroductionmethodandresultmustbeaddressedindetail.3.Whatisthecommonstructureofathesis?Whatshouldbedeclaredonthecoverpage?Answer:Athesisgenerallyconsistsofthecoverpage,abstract,acknowledgement,tableofcontents,listoffigures/tables,chapters,listofpublications,andbibliography.Thecoverpageprovidesthebasicinformationofyouandyourthesis,includingthetitleofyourthesis,yourresearchdirection,yournameandaffiliation,andthesubmittingtimeofyourthesis.-可编写-精选4.Whatkindsofdocumentsaregenerallynecessarytoapplyforavisa?Answer:Therequireddocumentsvarywiththecountries,butgenerallythefollowingarenecessary:VisaapplicationformswithtwophotographsYourpassportThecertificateofflightreservationandhotelreservationThebalancecertificateofyourpersonalbankaccountConfirmationofyourstatusandaffiliationOfficialinvitationletterfromtheconferenceorganizingcommitteeVisaapplicationfee5.Beforesubmittingyourpapertoaninternationaljournal/transaction,whatinformationshouldyouget?Andwherecanyoufindthat?Answer:Beforesubmittingyourpapertoaninternationaljournal/transaction,youshouldbefamiliarwiththesubmissionguidelinefortheappropriatepublication.TheguidelineinformationcangenerallybefoundthroughselectingthelinkintheauthorresourcessectionofthewebpageprovidedbythejournalReadcarefullytheaim,scope,policy,andsubmissionprocedureofthejournal.Thenclickonthesubmitmanuscripticonandsubmityourpaperstepbystepaccordingtothetextualprompt.6.Whatsearchsitesdoyouoftenuse?Doyouknowanypopulardatabaseofresearch?Answer:MostpopularsearchsitesatpresentareprobablyGoogleandYahoo!.EngineeringVillageprovidesaccesstothetopinformationresourcesintheappliedscience,technicalandengineeringfieldsincludingCompendexandInspec.7.Whatshouldyouconsiderofwhenyouselectaresearchsubject?Answer:-可编写-精选followyourinterest,attendtonewtheoryortechnology,thinkindependently,searchliteratureextensively,interdisciplinaryresearchprovidesnewopportunity五、英译汉（25分）Thisisn’tAIforAI’ssake—thisrenaissanceisnotoneofstand-aloneAIapplications.Unlikefirst-generationAIapplications,AInowcanbeembeddedinheterogeneousnetworkedcomputingenvironmentsandusedforsearch,retrieval,andanalysisofpreviouslyunimaginablequantitiesofdata.Becausethewealthofdatamakesdirecthumananalysisimpossible,AI-basedsupporthasbecomenecessarytohelpusersfullyexploitthatinformation.Althoughcomputershavebecomeubiquitous,manypeoplestillclearlypreferpenandpaperformanytasksbecausepenandpapernote-takingisfrequentlylessintrusive,lessnoisy,moreflexible,moreconvenientandsimplerthancurrentcomputeralternatives.-可编写-精选AIparadigmsarenotorthogonalamongthemselves.Theyarerathersuccessivestepsinourknowledgeofwhatacognitivesystemshouldbe.ItseemsthatcurrentlyatleastthreeparadigmsareusedinAI.Letuscallthemthebehaviouristparadigm,theagentparadigm,andtheartificiallifeparadigm.Predictingtheresultsofthenextgenerationoffundamentalresearchrequireseitherbraveryorfoolishness.Oneneednothazardsuchrisks,however,toidentifythecorechallengesfacingthenextgenerationofAIsystems,namely,exhibitingrobustoperationinhostileenvironments,broadanddeepknowledgeoflargedomains,theabilitytointeractnaturallywithpeople,andadegreeofself-understandingandinternalintegrity.Whilethefirstindustrialrevolutionwasfuelledbynaturalresources,thesecondisbeingfuelledbyinformationandknowledge—whichjustifiesthefourthcenturyslogan:‘Knowledgeispower’.Today,asurewayforacompanyto-可编写-精选commitcommercialsuicideisbyfailingtoprotectitsintellectualproperty(i.e.knowledge)andbyignoringthemachinesofthesecondindustrialrevolution.Thosecompaniesthatmakecurrentmachinesmoreintelligentandexploitthemtotheiradvantagearesettodominatethetwenty-firstcentury.这不是AI领域所追求的目标。这一重生产物不属于独立的AI应用，不同样于新一代AI应用。AI现在能够嵌入到异构网络计算环境并可以用于搜寻、检测、和解析从前没法想象的大批数据。由于大批的数据直接进行人工解析是不行能办到的事情，使用鉴于AI的支持来帮助用户充分利用这些信息已变得很必需。固然计算机已经广泛存在，关于很多任务，很多人仍旧很明确的更喜爱使用纸和笔，由于用纸和笔做记录，与目前的计算机比较通常较不拥有侵入性、噪音少、更灵巧、更方便也更简单。AI范式之间其实不相互正交。它们相看作功地介入了我们关于认知系统应当是什么的知识。看来，目前在AI领域最少使用了三种范式。让我们称它们为haviourist范式、a