函授英语3-教案

PAGEPAGE124教案课程名称函授英语3授课教师袁建伟职称副教授院（系、部）大学外语教学部教研室第三教研室授课对象函授学员学年学期2011年鲁东大学教务处编写说明1、每项内容都要填写，“教学过程”部分要详细填写，空格不够用时可自行扩充；2、A4纸双面打印（或手写）；3、一次课为一个教案，每门课按学期统一用一个封面左侧装订，封面和本说明双面打印；4、授课类型指：理论课、讨论课、实验或实习课、习题课等；5、所授课程教案每轮次必须更新。《英语3》（本科第一册）教学大纲课程名称：英语英文名称：English课程代码：课程类别：专业基础课相关课程：开课院系：大学外语教学部授课教师：袁建伟每学期学时：72学时一、教学目的与要求：1、课程简介成人高等教育英语第一册充分考虑到成人教育的特点，以成人高教英语教学大纲为指导，以全面教授语言（语音、语法、词汇）知识为先导，以培养阅读能力为主线，全面打牢英语语言基本功。2、课程性质该课程是管理类专业本科生的专业基础课、必修课，在人才培养方案中占有非常重要的地位。学生进行完规定的课时后应能掌握必要的、最为常用的语音、词汇和语法项目，以及实用的英语语言知识和技能，具备阅读和翻译与本专业有关的英文资料的初步能力，并为进一步提高英语应用能力打下较扎实的基础。3、教学目的与要求通过教学使学生掌握本学科的基本知识，即以教授英语的基本语法，词汇，惯用法为基础，以提高学生的听，说，读，写，译，能力为目的，并通过一定的阅读，扩大学生对英语国家的文化，社会，历史，经济等的了解。4、本课程内容提要

本教材第一册分为8个教学单元和两个复习测试单元，每一单元又分为精读，泛读，快速阅读及对话。其中，精读是教学重点，集中体现该单元的各项要求，包括翻译和写作能力的养成。泛读和快速阅读旨在通过大量阅读语言材料，提高学生的阅读理解能力。对话则意在通过日常生活情景中常用的口头交际形式的锻炼，培养和提高学生的口语和听力技能。二、开课专业及教学用书1、开课专业工商管理专业2、教学用书山东省成人高等教育规划教材《英语》（第二版）主编：李学珍山东大学出版社2005年一月版。3、相关参考书《英语》自学参考，李学珍，山东大学出版社，2005年8月第一版三、各章节大体授课学时分配《英语3》教学时间安排表章次内容学时分配课堂讲授第一单元HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner8第二单元Families8第三单元FallaciesaboutFood8第四单元PreservingtheEnvironment8第五单元KeeperoftheSpring8第六单元BanksandBanking8第七单元TheFirstFourMinutes8第八单元MarriageInIranandAmerica8复习测试一4复习测试二4合计72UnitTitleUnit1HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearnerTeachingTypeTheoreticalteaching/discussion/ExercisesFirstTeachingTimePeriods8TeachingObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:Graspthemainidea(therightwayofbeingasuccessfullanguagelearner)andstructureofthetext(problem-solutionpattern);Appreciatethewritingskillsdemonstratedinthetext(selectionofdetails,quotations,coherence);Masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;Conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.KeyandDifficultPoints1.keywords,phrases&usages;2.writingstrategy-thenarrativeskills(selectionofdetails,quotations,coherence)；3.grammarfocus(subjunctivemood;grammaticalstructurefind+sb./sth+adj+todo;has/havebeen+doing)TeachingMeansandMethods1.UsingMulti-mediateachingequipment;2.Questionsandanswers;3.Pairwork;TeachingProcess(includingTeachingApproaches,ProcessDesign,FocusPoints,DetailsandTimeAllotmentetc.)TeachingProcess(includingTeachingApproaches,ProcessDesign,FocusPoints,DetailsandTimeAllotmentetc.)TeachingApproaches:Mainlyapplyingtask-basedapproachandcommunicativeoneTimeallotment:1-2periodPre-reading;While-reading(textstructure&organization;culturalnotes)3-4periodWhile-reading(Textanalysis;languagepoints;grammaticalstructures)5-6periodWhile-reading(languagepoints;grammaticalstructures)7-8periodPost-reading(Theme-relatedLanguageLearningTasks;writingstrategy).SupplementaryExercisesProcessDesign:Pre-readingtasks;While-readingtasks;Post-readingtasksUnit1HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner本单元精读部分主要通过单词的学习和课文的阅读，使学生了解英语学习的方法，并掌握其中出现的重点词汇，如：agree,depend,consider,bewillingto,连接词如conversely,firstofall,therefore,ontheotherhand等，了解这些连接词汇对连接句子和在段落中的作用，以及一些相关的语法知识，如时态，动词不定式,定语从句。泛读部分ReadingProvidesNecessarySurvivalSkills则主要通过阅读本文了解阅读的技巧。快速阅读部分HowShouldYouBuildupYourVocabulary?重在锻炼阅读的速度。请同学们课后阅读这2篇文章并做课后练习题。重点：精度部分单词及短语的掌握，课文的熟练阅读及理解，课后题能够自主完成。难点：理解并记忆语法部分。教学方法：在线学习与教学辅导相结合。认真记忆，勤于练习。PartIPre-readingTaskVideoAppreciationThewayoftheDragon—BruceLeeDiscussion1)Howdoyoustarttolearnaforeignlanguage?2)Areyousuccessfulinlearningaforeignlanguage?3)Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?4)Doyouthinkitiseasyordifficultforanadulttolearnasecondoraforeignlanguage?Whyorwhynot?5)Howdosuccessfullanguagelearnerslearnthelanguage?PartIIWhile-readingTasks1.CulturalNotesToStarttheBallRolling（nowtheballisinyourcourt;tostarttheballrolling）美国人非常喜欢运动。凡是在各种运动中出类拔萃的人都成了人们心目中的大明星。这些明星的收入每年可以高达几百万。他们有的从事慈善活动，有的则关心年轻人的教育，在各方面做出不少贡献，很受人尊重和敬仰。但是，也有的人不但生活腐败，而且还有吸毒等犯法行为。严重的甚至被判刑入狱。在所有体育运动中，美国人特别喜爱球类运动。我们已经给大家介绍过好几个和球，也就是ball这个字有关的习惯用语，例如：ontheball，就是很机灵，工作做得很好的意思。今天我们再来给大家讲解两个和ball这个字有关的俗语。第一个我们要给大家介绍的是：nowtheball'sinyourcourt。Nowtheballisinyourcourt从字面上来解释，它的意思是：现在球在你那边的场地上了。实际上，这是打网球时用的一句话，也就是你已经采取了行动，把球打过了网，到了对方的场地，现在是对方采取行动的时候了。但是，从俗语的角度来说，它的意思并不在于打球。美国的生意人和律师经常用这个俗语来告诉对方，他们已经提出建议和要求，现在是对方采取行动的时候了。下面我们来举个例子。这是一个名字叫亨里·希金斯的律师为了布朗先生的离婚案件在和布朗太太的律师打电话：例句-1:"ThisisHenryHigginscallingabouttheBrowndivorcecase.I'msendingyouMr.Brown'soffertopayyourclientathousanddollarsamonthforchildsupport.Nowtheball'sinyourcourt:letmeknowwhetherMrs.Brownagreestothisamount."他说：“我是亨里·希金斯。我是为了布朗的离婚案件给你打电话的。布朗愿意每个月付一千美元的子女扶养费。正式的文本我已经寄给你了。现在是你们做决定的时候了。布朗太太是不是同意，请你在做出决定后告诉我。”美国有两个主要的政党：共和党和民主党。每一个法案，不管是总统提出的，或是由国会议员提出的，都要通过两党议员投票来决定是否能成为正式的法律。因此，在投票前两党进行协商，互相做出妥协和让步是经常的事。下面我们要举的例子就是一个国会议员为了农业部的预算在和对立党的一个成员进行谈判。这位议员说：例句-2:"Here'sarevisedbudgetourpeoplearereadytovotefor.It'saboutthebestIcando.Nowtheball'sinyourcourt,myfriend:seewhetheryourpeoplecanagreetoit."他说：“这是一个修改过的预算，我们准备投票表示同意。我可已经尽了最大努力了。老兄，你们党内成员是否同意现在要看你的了。”下面我们再给大家介绍一个和ball这个字有关的习惯用语：tostarttheballrolling。Tostart就是开始，rolling是滚动的意思。Tostarttheballrolling要是从字面来翻译就是：开始滚这个球。作为习惯用语，它的意思就是：开始一个活动。我们经常说，万事开头难。比如说，每当逢年过节的时候，或者有什么事值得庆祝的时候，我们往往会组织一个晚会，或者请几个朋友到家来吃晚饭。在这种场合，一般在开始的时候气氛不会很轻松，总得要某个人带个头谈一些有趣的事，或者说个笑话才能使空气融洽。下面就是一个例子：例句-3:"Itlookedlikeadullpartywitheverybodyjustsittingthere.ButDickstartedtheballrollingbytellingacoupleoffunnyjokes,andthenJackbroughtouthisguitarandsangsomefolksongs.Peoplestartedsingingalongandwehadagoodtimeafterall."这个人说：“聚会一开始，大家都坐在那里，看起来很沉闷。后来，迪克讲了两个挺滑稽的笑话，总算开了个头。然后，杰克把他的吉他拿了出来，还唱了几首民歌。大家也都跟着一起唱。我们玩得很高兴。”当然，tostarttheballrolling这个习惯用语也可以用在严肃的场合。下面就是一个例子。这是一个公司的总经理把手下各部门的主管都召集来开会。他说:例句-4:"Okay,I'vecalledthismeetingtoseewhatideaswehaveforthenewadcampaign.I'llstarttheballrollingbytellingyouafewideasIalreadyhave."这句话的意思是：“行，我召开这次会议是看看我们对于最近大力做广告的活动有些什么新的主意。我先来开个头，把我已经想到的几个想法给大家谈一谈。”这句话里用了ad这个字。其实，这个字是个缩略字，它的原形是：advertisement。Advertisement就是广告的意思。今天我们给大家介绍了两个和球这个字，也就是ball这个字有关的习惯用语。第一个是：nowtheballisinyourcourt。Nowtheballisinyourcourt作为俗语的意思是：现在该是你采取行动的时候了。我们讲的第二个俗语是：tostarttheballrolling。Tostarttheballrolling是开始一个行动。2.StructureScanningScanTextandfindoutallthecohesion/connectingwordsorphrases.Even,and,conversely,but,firstofall,therefore,finally,ontheotherhandOrganizationPartsParagraphsMainIdeas11-4Learningasecondoraforeignlanguageisdifficultforadults.25-8Successfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.39Whatmakesyouasuccessfullanguagelearner.3.Text（1）HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner?“Learningalanguageiseasy.Evenachildcandoit!”Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondoraforeignlanguagewoulddisagreewiththisstatement.Forthem,learningalanguageisaverydifficulttask.Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice,andeventhiswillnotguaranteesuccessforeveryadultlanguagelearner.Languagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfinditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.Conversely,somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearnersfinditdifficulttosucceedinotherfields.Languageteachersoftenofferadvicetolanguagelearners:“Readasmuchasyoucaninthenewlanguage.”“Practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.”“Livewithpeoplewhospeakthelanguage.”“Don’ttranslatetrytothinkinthenewlanguage.”“Learnasachildwouldlearn;playwiththelanguage.”Butwhatdoesasuccessfullanguagelearnerdo?Languagelearningresearchshowsthatsuccessfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrong,theyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfromtheirmistakes.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore,successfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationsaredifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.Finally,successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.Ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.4.LanguagePoints（1）wordsandexpressions重点词:disagree;guarantee;intelligent;depend;consideragreevi/vt.~vi同意，赞成，达成一致Iaskedhimtocomewithmeandheagreed.我请他和我一道来，他同意了。~vt同意做……;同意（某观点、意见等）Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpyou.他同意找人来帮你（们）的忙。successfuladj.ofachievingdesiredresults成功的adultn./adj.(apersonoranimalthatis)growntofullsizeandstrength成年人（的），发育成熟（的）guaranteevt.undertaketobelegallyresponsiblefor(sth./doingsth.)保证，担保，保修intelligentadj.bright,clever,wise聪明的，明智的similaradj.likeoralike相似的，类似的；与…相似的（to）independentadj.notneedingotherthingsorpeople独立的，自主的communicatevi.toshareorexchangeopinions,news,information,etc通信，交流，交际vt.tomake(news,opinions,feelings,etc)known传达，传播communicationn.theexchangeofinformation,newideas,oropinion;thevariouswaysoftravelling,movinggoodsandpeople,andsendinginformation,betweentwoplacesorinanarea通信，交流；传达；[pl.]通信联系，交通工具purposen.anintentionorplan;use目的，意图；用途regularlyadv.happeningoftenwiththesamelengthoftimebetweentheoccasions经常地，定期地dependvi.becontrolledordeterminedby；relyon；needorrequireforfinancialorothersupport依赖；依靠；在于(to)dependon(prep.)依靠，依赖；依…而定Youcanneverdependonhisarrivingontime.你永远都不要指望他准时到达。(to)bewillingto(do)愿意，乐意Areyouwillingtoacceptresponsibility?你乐意承担责任吗？(to)beinterestedin(prep)对…感兴趣I’dbeveryinterestedinknowingmoreabouttheservicesyourfirmoffers.我很有兴趣更多地了解贵公司提供的服务项目。ontheotherhand另一方面OntheonehandI’dlikeajobwhichpaysmore,butontheotherhandIenjoytheworkI’mdoingatthemoment.一方面我想找一份薪水更高的工作，另一方面我有喜欢现在的工作。16．considerv1)考虑Healwaysconsideredcarefullybeforeheacted.他总是三思而后行。2）认为，把……看作Heisgreatlyconsideredbyhiscolleagues.他深受同事们的尊重。重点词组：1.agreeabout/(up)on(prep.);2.agreewith(prep.);3.depend(up)on(prep.);4.consider…as1.agreeabout/(up)on(prep.)1)(在……方面)观点/意见一致、相同Iagreewithyouaboutthis.对于这件事，我跟你意见一致。2）定下（某事或做某事）They’veagreedonEuropefortheirholidaynextyear.他们已决定明年到欧洲去度假。agreeto(prep)接受；批准Doyouagreetomyplan?你接受我的计划吗？Thecommitteehasagreedtoyourrequest.该委员会已批准你的请求。2.agreewith(prep.)(和……)观点、意见一致；接受、同意（观点意见等）Iagreewithyourmother;it’sfoolishtogoswimmingatthistimeoftheyear.我同意你母亲的看法，这个时候去游泳确实可笑。3.depend(up)on(prep.)1）依靠，依赖Thetowndependsalmostsolelyonthetouristtrade.这个城镇几乎全靠旅游业来维持。2）信赖，指望Theyknowthatheisamantobedependedon.他们知道他是个靠得住的人。3）取决于……;决定于……Tomorrow’ssuccessdependsontoday’spreparation.明天能否成功取决于今天准备得是否充分。4.consider…as(prep.)认为Iconsideredhimasafool.我认为他是个傻瓜。（2）NotesMostadultswhoarelearningasecondoraforeignlanguagewoulddisagreewiththisstatement.大多数学习第二语言或外语的成年人都不会同意这一说法。1)请看下面的文字，了解一下secondlanguage和foreignlanguage这两个术语的区别。Adistinctionisoftenmadebetweensecondandforeignlanguage.Briefly,asecondlanguagehassocialfunctionswithinthecommunitywhereitislearnt(e.g.asalinguafrancaorasthelanguageofanothersocialgroup),whereasaforeignlanguageislearntprimarilyforcontactoutsideone’sowncommunity.Consequently,thereisthedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearning.Thetermsecondlanguagelearningindicatesthatthelanguagehascommunicativefunctionsinsidethecommunitywherethelearnerlives.Bycontrast,foreignlanguagelearningmeansthatthelanguagehasnoestablishedfunctionsinsidethelearner’scommunitybutwillbeusedmainlyforcommunicatingwithoutsiders.2)本句中,would为情态动词，表示“可能”，“（将）会”。Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotsayaword!不管发生什么，他都不会说一个字！Hewouldneverenterthishatefulhouseagain.他决不会再进这所令人讨厌的房子。Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice,andeventhiswillnotguaranteesuccess….1)在英语里，ten(十)，twenty(二十)，hundred(百),thousand(千)，million(百万),billion(十亿)这样一些数词，通常有两种用法：(a)若其前面有其他数词，用其单数形式，表示一个确定的量，其后不用of结构。Thereareover10thousandstudentsinthisuniversity.这所大学有一万多学生。Themachinecostsseveralthousanddollars.买这部机器要花好几千美元。(b)在其他情况下，即其前没有其他数词时，则用其复数形式，其后加of结构，表示一个不确定的数量。I’veseenthathundredsoftimes.那个东西我见过上千次了。Thegovernmentofthatcountryspentmillionsofdollarsonweapons.那个国家的政府花了上千万美元购买武器。这类词有时可以连用，表示数量之大。Youcanseethousandsandthousandsofstarsinthenightsky.夜空中可以看到成千上万颗星星。2）在一句话中，even和动词用在一起表示某行为令人惊奇或吃惊，也可用于其他成分表示特别强调。Sheeventoldtheownertogooutofthehouse.她竟然要房主离开房子。Ihaven’tevenheardofhimforayear.我竟然有一年没有他的消息了。Anybodycandothis.Evenachildcoulddoit.这谁都做得了，即使是小孩也行。EvenIhaven’theardofhimforayear.即使是我也有一年没有他的消息了。You’vegottoworkeveryday,evenonSunday.你每天都得上班，即使是星期天也不例外。Somepeople…finditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.本句中的it是先行宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语tosucceedinlanguagelearning。本句句型是SVOC。此类句型，若宾语（O）是不定式短语、-ing分词短语或that-分句，通常用先行it表示，放在动词（V）之后，而将真正的宾语置于补语（C）之后。这样做的目的在于保持句子结构的平衡。Wefinditourdutytostudyandworkhardforourcountry.我们认为，为了国家努力学习和工作是我们的职责。Wefoundituselesstryingtopersuadehimtogowithus.我们发现，要说服他和我们一起去毫无用处。Wethinkithighlyprobablethathewillcometomorrow.我们认为，他明天非常可能会来。除形容词以外，可以充当宾语补足语的成分还有不定式、分词和名词。ThedoctoradvisedMarytohavemoreexercise.医生建议玛丽多锻炼。Isawhergoingoutwithherparents.我看见她和她父母一起出去了。Theymadehimcaptainoftheship.他们让他当上了船长。Languageteachersoftenofferadvicetolanguagelearners….本句中的advice属于不可数名词，其复数形式与单数形式相同，无须加s；这和汉语中数的概念有相通之处，即此类名词若要表示“数”的概念，要像汉语一样使用一个量词，如apieceofnews,apieceofinformation,apieceoffurniture,apieceof/sheetofpaper等。Practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.每天练习讲这种语言。Practice在美国英语中既可以做动词，也可以做名词；而在英国英语中，practice是名词，动词则是practise.Practice做及物动词时，其宾语可以用名词或代词，也可以用动名词，但不可用动词不定式。此类动词还有一些，如enjoy,finish,cannothelp,risk,suggest等。I’msurethey’llenjoylisteningtomodernmusic.我肯定你会喜欢听现代音乐。Ifinishedreadingit.我已经读完了（它了）。Hecouldn’thelplaughing.他禁不住大笑起来。Icouldn’triskmissingthattrain.我不能冒误火车的风险。Fathersuggestedgoingbybus.父亲建议乘公共汽车去。Learnasachildwouldlearn….像少儿那样学习。本句中的as是连词，表示“以…方式”。DoinRomeastheRomansdo.入国问禁，入乡随俗。Treatothersasyouwishthemtotreatyou.己所不欲，勿施于人。Would可用于表示过去惯常的或特征性的行为。Hewouldalwaysturnandwaveattheendofthestreet.他总是走到街的尽头才转过身来招招手。Whenwewereyoungwewouldhelpeachotherwithourhomework.我们小时候，总是在做功课时互相帮助。Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.本句中，firstofall是个短语，作语篇标记，表示分述，即把若干性质相同的事情分别论述或叙述（下文有finally）。Wehavefoundthattherearebehaviorsthattheteachercanusetopromoteopportunitiesfor….First,….Second,….Third,….Severalpointsneedtobemadeaboutthedistinctionbetween….Firstofall,….Second(ly),….Third(ly),….Finally,….Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepatterns….1)Insteadof两个词合在一起构成一个复合介词，若其后使用动词，则必须用其-ing形式（动名词）。Istayedinbedalldayinsteadofgoingtowork.我在床上躺了一整天，没去上班。Insteadofhavinglunchshewentshopping.她没去吃午饭，而是去购物了。2）英语动词wait即可用于waitforsomebody/something(等待某人\物),也可用于waitforsomeone/somethingtodo（等待某人/物做）。在后一结构中，somebody是动词不定式todo的逻辑主语。I’mwaitingforhimtocome.我在等他来。I’msorryforthedelay,butI’mstillwaitingforthelettertoarrive.对不起，耽误了，不过我仍然在等那封信。3）trytodosth.的意思是“努力去做…”、“试图做成一件困难的事情”。PleasetrytounderstandwhatprofessorSmithwilltalkaboutinhislecture.请（大家）努力弄懂史密斯教授在讲座讲到的问题。ThegirloncetriedtolearnFrench.这女孩曾尝试学会法语。Therefore,successfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.本句中，“therefore”是副词，意思是“因此，所以”，用作语篇标记。Hehasbrokenhisleg;thereforehecan’twalk.他摔坏了腿，因此不能走路了。英语中的分号表示两个并列句子成分，不能用逗号来代替，如果用逗号，则需要加and,or,so等连接词。试比较：TomlearnsJapanese;IlearnEnglish.TomlearnsJapaneseandIlearnEnglish.本句中，waitforachancetousethelanguage和Note8中的waitingfortheteachertoexplain不同。本短语不是在说等待的目的，而是表示等待什么（achance），因此achance和tousethelanguage之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系（动词不定式短语是achance的后置定语）。Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings…他们不怕重复所听到的东西或者说出奇怪的话来…。在英语里，很多形容词之后都可以使用to-infinitive（带to的动词不定式）。I’mpleasedtoseeyou.很高兴见到你。Hewassurprisedtolearnhowmuchshe’dspent.了解到她花的钱数，他非常吃惊。本结构中的不定式，常被看作是形容词的宾语。两个并列的动词不定式短语torepeatwhattheyhear和tosaystrangethings作afraid的宾语。在前一个动词不定式短语中，whattheyhear是名词性从句，充当repeat之宾语。此外，名词性从句作宾语时，其词序不倒装，除what在句首外，其他一如陈述句。Theytoldeachotherwhattheyhaddonethedaybefore.他们互相告知对方自己前一天都做了什么。Hedidn’tknowwhathisunclewasdoingthistimeaweekago.他不知道他叔叔一个星期前的这个时候在做什么。Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguage…It在句中作形式主语，亦称先行主语，其真正（实际）的主语是带有逻辑主语的动词不定式短语forthemtolearntothinkinthelanguage。（参看Note3）把真正的主语放在句尾，是因为它太长，置于句首则使句子显得头重脚轻。类似的例子还有：Itisapleasureforustobeherethisevening.今晚我们很高兴能来这里。It’sapityforyoutohavetostayindoorsinthisweather.真可惜，这样的天气他们却不得不待在家里。Ittooksixweeksforthetravelerstoreachthecoast.这些旅行者要六个星期才能到达沿海。…youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.Havebeen+-ing是动词的现在完成进行时形式，表示从过去某时开始一直持续进行到现在的行为。Wehavebeenlivingherefortenyears.十年来我们一直在此居住。Theyhavebeenwideningtheroad.他们一直在拓宽这条道路。I’vejustbeenwavinggood-byetothem.我只是在和他挥手告别。…ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotry….If从句为条件状语从句，表示“如果…就”或“假设…就”之意。Ifyoutooksomeexercises,youmightnotbesofat.你如果锻炼锻炼，也许就不会这么胖了。Ifyoudon’tfeelwell,pleaseletmeknow.你如果觉得不舒服，请告诉我。Lessthan可看成一个词组，修饰successful，译为“不太”或“不怎么”。Wewerebusyandlessthandelightedtohavecompanythatday.那天我们很忙，因此不大喜欢有其他人在场。Theboyswerelessthanhappyabouthavingaparty.男孩子们不怎么喜欢搞聚会。Might和may都常用于表示“可能”，即事物将要或正在发生的机会；但might与may相比，前者所表示的可能概率要小些。试比较：Wemaygoclimbingnextsummer.明年夏天我们有可能去爬山。“Imightgetajobsoon.”–“Yes,andpigsmightfly.”“我也许能很快找到一份工作。”——“是，没有什么事不可能。”Dowell意为“（如何做）是聪明的/有利的”。Youwoulddowelltogetoutofhere.你最好还是离开这里。Youwoulddowelltotakeyourdoctor’sadvice.你还是遵照医嘱为好。Youwoulddowelltotaketheoffer.你最好还是接受这个报价。Ididwelltolistentomyfather’sadvice.我还是听从父亲的劝告为妙。（3）RevisionLanguagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.Formostadults,itisaverydifficulttask.Butwhatdoesasuccessfullanguagelearnerdo?Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Second,successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Finally,successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Therefore,ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.PartIIIPostreadingTasks1.GroupdiscussionAfterthese3essaysyouhaveread,haveyouchangedyourselfmoreorlesstowardlanguagelearning?AndwhatkindofapproachesareyougoingtoapplytoyourEnglishstudy?2.KeystotheExercisesI.Choosethecorrectansweraccordingtothepassage.1.Asuccessfullanguagelearnermust_______.D.trytolearnthenewlanguageindependently,actively,andpurposefully2.WhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyNOTbeapieceofadviceofferedbyalanguageteacher?A.Neverguessthemeaningofaword.3.Theexpression“playwiththelanguage”inPara.4meansto_______.C.learnthelanguageinamorenaturalway4.AccordingtoPara.7,thinkinginthelanguageismoreimportantthanknowingthemeaningofeverywordofthelanguage,because__________.D.whenthinkinginthelanguage,youareusingthelanguageinanactiveway5.Theword“techniques”inthelastlineofthetextcannotbereplacedby_______.D.reasonsII.Answerthefollowingquestions.III.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsgivebelow.Makechangeswherenecessary.Wewalkeddownthestairs_______takingtheelevator.(insteadof)They____whatisgoingonintheartworld.(areinterestedin)Allhumanbeingsaremuchmore________thananimals.(intelligent)Markseemed________toconsidertheidea.((tobe)willing)Timeandtide______noman.(waitfor)Myhouseis__________fromyoursinseveralways.(different)She_______thesametuneonthepianofornearlyanhour.(hasbeenpracticing)Don’tyouknowthatIalways_________whateverItry?(succeedin)Health________goodfood,freshairandenoughsleep.(dependson)Wheatis_______tobarley.(similar)Hewas________totakeevenadrinkofwater.(afraid)Thenewspaperreport__________theaccountontheradio.(disagreewith)IV.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.1.有些人在自己的专业领域里非常睿智而成功，却发现在语言学习上很难有所成就。2.他们尽量自己找出句式和规则，而不是等着老师来解释。3.他们不害怕重复听到的或者说出奇怪陌生的事情；他们愿意出错并不断尝试。4.对他们而言，学会用这种语言去思考比知道每一个词的意思更重要。5.学会这种语言与这些人交流并向他们学习，对他们来说是必要的。V.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.1.IoftendisagreewithMarybutwearestillgoodfriends.2.Languagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore,learnersshouldtakeadvantageofallchancestousethelanguage.3.Languagelearningshouldbeactive,independentandpurposeful.4.Languagelearningisdifferentfromlearningothercourses.5.Successfullanguagelearnersshouldbeinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.6.Studentsarewillingtoacceptteacher’sadvice.VI.WritingWriteasummaryofthereadingpassageinnolessthan100words.EXTENSIVEREADINGReadingProvidesNecessarySurvivalSkillsP17I.Trueorfalse?(答案：FTTFTFTTFT)1.Readingisgoingtobelessandlessimportantaswecanseepicturesandhearsoundseverywhereinoursociety.2.Ifyouwanttogetagoodjob,goodreadingwillprovideyouwithmoreopportunities.3.Toscanistolookquicklyatthemajorpointswithoutthoroughreading.Thistypeofreadinghelpsyougetthemainideasofthematerialquickly.4.Inreading,youshouldalwayskeepinmindthathastemakeswaste.5.Mostpeopledonotreadfastenough.6.Whilereadingfast,youareinahurryandmaythereforeloseconcentrationonsomeimportantpoints.Thiscancauseproblems.7.Infastreading,yourmindkeepsupwithyourreadingspeedandthuscomprehensionisnotinterrupted.8.Agoodhabitinreadingistopayattentionnotonlytotheprintedwordsbutalsotothecontentsexpressedbythewords.9.Whenyoudon’tknowaword,youcaneitherskipoveritorlookitupinadictionary.10.Eachtimeyoumeetanewword,stopreadingforamomentsothatyoucanhaveanimpressionofthewords.II．MultiplechoicequestionsGoodreadingisnowalifeskill_______.asimportantaseverbeforenotasimportantasusedtomoreimportantthanhaseverbeenlessimportantthaneverbeforeToscanreadingmaterials,youstartwith________.theheadingsthetitlestheheadlinesalltheaboveThetechniqueofscanninghelpsthereaderto______.obtainideasgainspeedgetaquickunderstandingbuildupvocabularyWhentheauthorsays“Theexpression“Hastemakeswaste.”doesnotapplytoreading,”hemeansthatfastreading_______.leadstoboredomensuresgoodconcentrationhurtsthemindmakescarefulreadersVocabularybuildingishelpfultoreading_______.alertlyandcomfortablycarefullyandproductivelyquicklyandeffectivelynaturallyandrewardinglyApersonwithgoodreadinghabits________.skipsovernewwordsandignoresthemstopsatnewwordsandlooksthemupinthedictionarypausesonnewwordsandasksothersnoneoftheaboveFASTREADINGHowShouldYouBuildupYourVocabulary？P20ExerciseTrueorfalse(答案：FTTTFFTTTF)Afastcolorisonethatdisappearsfast.Afastfriendisoneyoucanalwaystrust.Adictionaryonlyliststhemeaningsofaword.Itdoesnottellyouwhichmeaningisintendedinacertaincontext.Fromthecontextwecanknowhowawordisactuallyused.Contextisn’thelpfulinallcases.SherlockHolmesneverformedanytentativeideashefoundoutananswertoaquestion.Thephrase“tocomeupwith”inthistextmeans“tothinkof”,“toproduce”.Lookingatthecontextandlookingforfamiliarwordpartswillgetyoumoreinterestedinthedictionarymeaning.Yourstrongerthanusualinterestwillleadyoutobettermemoryofthenewwordsandtheirmeanings.Themeaningfulpartsofwordsincludeonlytherootsofwords.PartIVCommonlyUsedSayingsToStarttheBallRollingPartVAssignment1.Reviewthelanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext.2.Writeanessayin120wordsorsoaboutHowShouldWeSpendOurSpringFestivalMoreSignificantly?3.Preparethenextunit.UnitTitleUnit2FamiliesTeachingTypeTheoreticalteaching/discussion/ExercisesFirstTeachingTimePeriods8TeachingObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:Graspthemainidea(thebasictypesoffamilies)andstructureofthetext(generalization-particularpattern);Appreciatethewritingskillsdemonstratedinthetextasexpository;Masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;Conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.KeyandDifficultPoints1.keywords,phrases&usages;2.writingstrategy(logicalsequence,generalization-particularpattern)；3.grammarfocus(“it”asobject:whenaninfinitivetakesastheobjectofthesentence;plural-formednounsasadjectivesshouldbeintheirsingularforms)TeachingMeansandM