全册高中英语必修4课文逐句翻译(外研版)

Module1TheCityofthe来城市Whatwillthecityofthefuturelooklike?Nooneknowsforsure,andmakingpredictionsisariskybusiness.onethingiscertain---theyaregoingtogetbiggerbeforetheygetsmaller.但是有一件事情是可以肯定的---Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantasearth'snaturalresourcesrunout.在未来，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的资源将濒临枯竭。Wewilluselotsofrecycledmaterials,suchasplastic,aluminum,steel,glass,woodandpaper,andwewillwastefewernaturalresources.我们将会使用大量的可将会有所减弱。Wewillalsohavetorelymoreonalternativeenergy,suchassolarandwindpower.Allthisseemscertain,butthereareplentyofthingsaboutcitylifeinthefuturewhicharenotcertain.知的。Tofindoutwhatyoungpeoplethinkaboutthefutureofurbanlife,ateacheratauniversityinTexasintheUnitedStatesaskedhisstudentstothinkhowtheywouldrunacityof50,000peopleintheyear2025.2025年拥5万人口的城市，Herearesomeoftheideastheyhad:下面是他们的一些构想:GarbageshipsTogetridofgarbageproblems,thecitywillloadhugespaceshipswithwastematerialsandsendthemtowardsthesun,preventinglandfillandenvironmentalproblems.垃圾船:材料，朝太阳射，这样做防止了垃圾填埋和环境间题。BatmanNets：Policewillarrestcriminalsbyfiringnetsinsteadofguns.勤务兵网:警察逮捕罪犯时，将会向罪犯射出网状物而不是用枪。Forgetsmoking：Nosmokingwillbeallowed'withinafuturecity'slimits.Smokingwillbepossibleonlyoutsidecities,andoutdoors.戒烟:在未来城市范围内将禁止吸烟。只有在郊区和户外才允许吸烟。Forgetthemalls：Inthefutureallshoppingwillbedoneonline,andcatalogueswillhavevoicecommandstoplaceorders.告别商厦:商品目录将会有语音指令来排序。Telephonesforlife：Everyonewillbegivenatelephonenumberatbirththatwillneverchange'nomatterwheretheylive.电话人生:每个人一出生就会给予一个电话号码，将来无论他们居住在哪儿，这个电话号码都不会更改。Recreation：Allformsofrecreation,suchascinemas,bowling,softball,concertsandothers,willbeprovidedfreeofchargebythecity.娱乐:影院、保龄球、垒球、音乐会和其他等等都将由该市政府免费提供。Cars：Allcarswillbepoweredbyelectricity,solarenergyorwind,anditwillbepossibletochangethecolorofcarsattheflickofaswitch.汽车:所有的汽车部将由Tele-surgery：Distancesurgerywillbecomecommonasdoctorscarryoutoperationsfromthousandsofmilesaway,witheachcityhavingitsowntele-surgeryoutpatientclinic.远程手术:随着每个城市拥有自己的远程手术门诊部，医生将能在数千里以外实施手术，远程手术将会变得十分普通。Holidaysathome：Seniorcitizensandpeoplewithdisabilitieswillbeabletogoanywhereintheworldusinghigh-techcamerasattachedtotheirhead.居家度假:长的市民和残疾人通过使用绑在头上的高新技术相机可以周游世界。Spacetravel：Travellinginspacebyordinarycitizenswillbecommon.Eachcitywillhaveitsownspaceport.太空邀游:普通市民邀游太空将会变得很平常，每个城市都将有自己的太空港。Module2GettingAroundin在北京Taxis出租车Taxisareonthestreets24hoursaday.24小时服务的。Simplyraiseyourhand.andataxiappearsinnotime.租车。Theyareusuallyred,andtheydisplaythepriceperkilometeronthewindow.Youshouldcheckcabhasabusinesspermit,andmakesureyouaskforareceipt.你要做的，就是确认司机有营运照，并且索要发票。Busesandtrolleybuses公交车和电车PublictransportprovidesacheapwaytogetaroundinBeijing.公共交通为人们游览北京提供了低价位的出行方式。Thereare20,000busesandtrolleybusesinBeijing,buttheycangetverycrowded.它们有时会很拥挤。It'sagoodideatoavoidpublictransportduringtherushhour(6:30amand8:00amand5:00pmand6:30pm).最明智的做法是避免在高峰期(6:008:005:006:30)Faresarecheap,startingat1yuan.这些车车票价格便宜，一元起价。Air-conditionedbusescostmore.空调车则要贵一些。Busesnumbered1to100arelimitedtotravelwithinthecitycentre.1100Highernumbershavedestinationsinthesuburbs.更高一些的线路，可以通达郊区。Touristsshouldn'tmissthe103buswhichoffersoneofthemostimpressiveroutes,pasttheForbiddenCityandtheWhitePagodainBeihaiPark.103路电车，它途经紫禁城和北海Ifyougetonadouble-deckerbus,makesureyouupstairs.haveagoodviewtherapidlychangingcity.这样你会一览这个飞速发展城市的亮丽风景。Mostbusesrunfromabout5:00amtomidnight.However,thereisalsoanightbusservice,providedbybuseswithanumberinthe200s.Minibuses小公共汽车Minibuseswithseatsfor12passengersofferanalternativetoexpensivetaxisandcrowdedpublictransportinsomeareas.12车给人们在昂贵的出租车和拥挤的公共汽车外，提供了第三种选择。Theyrunregularservicesandfollowthesameroutesaslargepublicbuses.它们跟大公共汽Andinaminibusyoualwaysgetaseatinrushhours.在小公共汽车上，即使在高峰期也能找到空位。Underground地铁TherearefourundergroundlinesinBeijing,andseverallinesareunderconstruction.北京有四条地铁线，还有几条线也正在建设之中。Trainsarefastandconvenient,butrushhourscanbeterrible.地铁方便快捷，但在高峰期，情况会很糟糕。Aone-waytripcosts3yuan.地铁票价单程为三元，Stationnamesaremarkedinpinyin.undergroundisopenfrom5:00amto11:00pm.511点。Pedicabs三轮脚踏车Touristslikethesehuman-pedaled"tricycletaxis",buttheycanbeexpensive.游客们喜欢这些人力驱动的"三轮脚踏车"，但价格可能会较贵。Youshouldtalktothedriver,andmakesureyouknowthepricebeforeyoubeginthejourney,forexample,ifitisperperson,singleorreturn.因此坐之前要先弄清楚价格，明确价钱是否按人数计算、是单程还是往返双程的问题。Tricyclesareworthusingifyouwanttoexplorethenarrowalleys(hutong)ofoldBeijing.脚踏车绝对是值得一坐的。Module3Body身势语Ifyousaytheword"communication",mostpeoplethinkofwordsandsentences.Althoughtheseareveryimportant,wecommunicatewithmorethanjustspokenandwrittenwords.Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall"bodylanguage".说起"交流"，大多数人会想到单词或句子，虽然单词与句子十分重要，但我们并不只是用口语和书面语进行交流，身体的姿态是我们所称的"身势语"的一部分。Weseeexamplesofunconsciousbodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalso"learned"bodylanguage,whichvariesfromculturetoculture.语，但也有“习得”的身势语。习得的身势语在不同的文化中各不相同。Weuse"learned"bodylanguagewhenweareintroducedtostrangers.给生人时，我们使用"习得的身势语。Likeotheranimals,weareonguarduntilweknowitissafetorelax.跟动物一样，我们会保持警觉，直至知道安全的时候Soeveryculturehasdevelopedaformalwaytogreetstrangers,toshowthemwearenotaggressive.的正规的方式，以表示他们并不具有侵犯倾向。Traditionally,EuropeansandAmericansshakehands.欧美人的传统是握手，Theydothiswiththerighthand---thestrongesthandformostpeople.他们用右手握手---右手对多数人来说更有力一些。Ifourrighthandisbusygreetingsomeone,itcannotbeholdinga假如右手用于忙着与人打招呼就不可能握武器。Sothegestureissaying,"Itrustyou.Look,I'mnotcarryingathreateningweapon."我信"Ifyoushakehandswithsomeone,youshowyoutrustthem.假如你和人握手，就是在表明你信任他们。Weshakehandswhenwemakeadeal.Itmeans,"Weagreeandwetrusteachother."我们在做交易时与人握我们达成了协议，相互信任"GreetingsinAsiancountriesdonotinvolvetouchingtheotherperson,buttheyalwaysinvolvethehands.亚洲人打招呼是不接触他人身体的，但他们要用手。TraditionallyinChina,whenwegreetsomeone,weputtherighthandovertheleftandbowslightly.;稍躬身而行礼。Muslimsgivea"salaam",wheretheytouchtheirheart,mouthandforehead.Hindusjointheirhandsandbowtheirheadsinrespect.印度，双手交合，恭敬地鞠躬。Inalloftheseexamples,thehandsarebusywiththegreetingandcannotholdaweapon.在上述例子中，手部在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。Eventoday,whensomepeoplehaveveryinformalstylesofgreeting,theystillusetheirhandsasagestureoftrust.即使是现在，人们在非正式场合打招呼时，还会用手来表示信任对方。Americanyouthsoftengreeteachotherwiththeexpression,"Givemefive!"击掌"Onepersonthenholdsuphand,palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread.说完后这个人举起手，手掌向外，五Theotherpersonraiseshishandandslapstheother'sopenhandabovetheheadina"highfive".Nowadays,isquiteacommongreeting.这是现代常见的打招呼方式。Bodylanguageisfascinatingforanyonetostudy.身势语对于任何研究者来说都具有吸引力。Peoplegiveawaymuchmorebytheirgesturesthanbytheirwords.通过姿势表达的意思要比通过话语表达巧更多。Lookatyourfriendsandfamilyandseeifyouareamindreader!看看你的朋友和家人，你能洞悉他们的心思吗?Module4TheStudentWhoAskedQuestion

问题的学生InahungryworldriceisastaplefoodandChinaistheworld’slargestproducer.在RiceisalsoinmayotherAsiancountries,andinsomeEuropeancountieslikeItaly.亚洲其他国家和一些欧洲国家比如意大利等，也种植水稻。Intherice-growingworld,theChinesescientist,YuanLongping,isaleadingkey.平是一位重要人士。YuanLongpingwasbornandbroughtupinChina.Asaboywaseducatedinmanyschoolsandwasgiventhenickname,"thestudentwhoasksquestions".小时候，他在许多学校读过书，得了个“问问题的学生”的绰号。Fromanearlyagehewasinterestedinplants.袁隆平从小就对植物感兴趣。Hestudiedagricultureincollegeandasayoungteacherhebeganexperimentsincropbreeding.他在大学里研究农学。作为一个年轻的教师，他开始了作物育种的实验。Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedingpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproducemorequickly.他想，养活世人的关键是更多更快地生产水稻。Hethoughttherewasonlyonewaytodothis-----bycrossingdifferentspeciesofriceplant,andthenhecouldproduceanewplantwhichcouldgiveahigheryieldthaneitheroftheoriginalplants.原先任何一种水稻产量部要高的新品种。FirstYuanLongpingexperimentedwithdifferenttypesofrice.种类的水稻进行实验。TheresultsofhisexperimentswerepublishedinChinain1966.1966年，他的研究成果在中国发表。Thenhebeganhissearchforaspecialtypeofriceplant.Ithadtobemale.Ithadtosterile.这种稻种必须是雄性的，必须是不结果的(译者注:它属于生物学所称的"雄性不育系")。Finally,in1970anaturallysterilemalericeplantwasdiscovered.最后，在1970ThiswastheResearcherswerebroughtinfromalloverChinatodevelopthenewsystem.全国各地的研究者们被召集在一起开发新的水稻种。Theresearchwassupportedbythegovernment.研究得到了政府的赞助。AsaresultofYuanLongping'sdiscoveriesChinesericeproductionroseby47.5percentinthe1990's.2090年代增长了47.5%。Therewereotheradvantagestoo.50thousandsquarekilometersofricefieldswereconvertedtogrowingvegetablesandothercashcrops.5万平方公里原来的稻田现在被用来种植蔬菜和其他经济作物。Followingthis,YuanLongping'sricewasexportedtoothercountries,suchasPakistanandthePhilippines.除此以外，袁隆平研制的水稻还出口到巴基斯坦和菲律宾等国家。InPakistanriceisthesecondmostimportantcropafterwheatandwillbegrowninmanypartsofthecountry.AgriculturalCompanyofChina.中国袁隆平高科技农业公司已开发出一种新的杂交水稻。ItsyieldismuchgreaterthantheyieldofothertypesofricegrowninPakistan.这种杂交水稻的产量远高于种植于巴基斯的坦其他种类的水稻。Module5ATripAlongtheGorges三峡之旅InAugust1996,PeterHessler,ayoungAmericanteacherofEnglish,arrivedinthetownofPulingontheYangtzeRiver.1996年8月，一位年轻的美国英语教师彼得·赫斯勒，来到长江之滨的涪陵。HeandacolleagueweretospendtwoyearsthereteachingEnglishatateachertrainingcollege.他和另一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院任教两年。Theyweretheonlyforeignersinthetown.整个城里只有他们两名外国人。ThefirstsemesterfinishedattheendofJanuaryandtheyhadfourweeksofffortheSpringFestival.Theycouldgoanywheretheywished.有四周的春节假期，可以随处旅游。Theydecidedtotakeaboatdownstream.他们决定顺流而下。Wedecidedtobuyticketsforthejiangyouboat.我们打算买到"江油号"的船票。Ourcolleaguessaid,"Youshouldn'tgoonthoseships.同事们说:"areverycrowded.它们太拥挤，Theyaremainlyforgoodsandpeopletradingalongtheriver.don'tstopatthetemplesandtherewon'tbeanyotherforeigners."那些船Thatsoundedfinetome.我觉得听起来还不错。Wejusthadtoshowourpassportsandtheyletusgetontheboat.我们出示护照后便上了船。Weleftthedocksonabeautifulafternoon.在一个美丽的午后，我们离开码头。Thesunwasshiningbrightlyaswesaileddownstreamthroughahillyregion.当我们顺流而下穿过ftMenrodebambooraftsalongtheriver'sedgeandcoalboatswentpast.太阳落ftWecouldseethesunsettingbehindthewhitepagoda.Itwasbeautiful.我们目睹太阳在白塔后西沉，美丽极了。Wesleptthroughthefirstgorge,whichiscalledtheQutangGorge.穿过长江第一峡崔塘峡时，我们正在睡梦中。Thegorgenarrowsto350feetastheriverrushesthroughthetwo-mile-highmountains.江水在两英里350"Oh,well,"myfriendsaid,"atleastwehavetwomoreleft."我朋友说:"至少我们能看见另外两个峡谷。"AsWushanwemadeadetouruptheDaningRivertoseesomeofthesmallergorges.船到巫ftThenextdaywewentthroughthebiggorgesontheYangtzeRiver.ItwasalovelymorningaswewentthroughtheWuGorge.在一个美丽的上午轮船驶过巫峡。WepassedtheXiangRiver,homeofQuYuan,the3rdcenturyBCpoet.---屈原的家乡。TherewassomuchhistoryalongtheYangtzeRiver.长江有太多的历史。Everyrocklookedlikeapersonoranimal,everystreamthatjoinedthegreatrivercarrieditslegends,everyhillwasheavywiththepast.块块巨石形象各异，条条支流部流淌着传说，座座小ft承载着过往。Aswecameoutofthethirdgorge,theXilingGorge,wesailedintotheconstructionsiteofthedam.入大坝建设处的江面。Allthepassengerscameondeck.Wetookpicturesandpointedatthesite,butweweren'tallowedtogetofftheboat.对着工地指指点点，但不可以下船。TheChineseflagwasblowinginthewind.五星红Onadistantmountainwasasignin20-footcharacters."BuildtheThreeGorgesDam,ExploittheYangtzeRiver,"itsaid.远ft20英尺大的汉字"建造三峡大坝，开发长江资源"。Module6TheMonsteroftheLake池里的怪物The"MonsterofLakeTianchi"intheChangbaiMountainsinJilinprovince,northeastChina,isbackinthenewsafterseveralrecentsightings.在最近儿次露面后，中国东北吉林省长白ft的天池怪物又成了新闻。Thedirectorofalocaltouristoffice,MengFanying,saidthemonster,whichseemedtobeblackincolor,wastenmetersfromtheedgeofthelakeduringthemostrecentsighting.据当地的颜色似乎是黑色的。"Itjumpedoutofthewaterlikeaseal---about200peopleonChangbai'swesternpeaksawit,"hesaid.他说:"大约有两百多人从长白ft的西峰"Althoughnoonereallygotaclearlookatthemysteriouscreature,Xuejunlin,alocalphotographer,claimedthatitsheadlookedlikeahorse.怪物的头看起来像马头。"Inanotherrecentsighting,agroupofsoldiersclaimtheysawananimalmovingonthesurfaceofthewater.最近另有一次，一群战士证实:他们看见湖的水面上有东西在游动。Thesoldiers,whowerewalkingalongthesideofthelake,watchedthecreatureswimmingforabouttwominu